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Genesis and Metallogeny of Non-ferrous and Precious Metal Deposits, 2nd...
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Genesis and Metallogeny of Non-ferrous and Precious Metal Deposits, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Deposits".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 May 2025 | Viewed by 4703

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Yunsheng Ren

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
2. Institute of Disaster Prevention, Sanhe 065201, China
Interests: mineral deposits and regional metallogeny; genesis and mineralization of non-ferrous metal deposits
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Qun Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
Interests: mineral deposits; mineralization; mineral exploration; exploration geology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent decades, an increasing number of non-ferrous and precious metal deposits have been discovered over all the word. Concurrently, new and advanced analytical techniques in deposit research, such as isotope dating of U-Pb, Ar-Ar, and Re-Os, which has been applied to ore minerals, in-suit trace element and isotope compositions analysis, etc., are being utilized in this area. New theoretic viewpoints on ore genesis, mineralization mechanism, and metallogenetic regularities have been proposed and proven.

This Special Issue will mainly focus on, but is not limited to, properties and ore genesis, ore-controlling tectonic-magmatic events, geochronology and tectonic setting, regional metallogeny, and metallogenic models of newly discovered, important, and well-known non-ferrous and precious metal deposits. It is also interesting on new research techniques which have been well applied in deposit research.

Besides theoretical work, this Special Issue will also pay close attention to new discoveries and ore-exploration achievements regarding non-ferrous and precious metal deposits.

Prof. Dr. Yunsheng Ren
Dr. Qun Yang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • new advances in metallogeny
  • regional metallogeny
  • geochronology
  • geochemistry
  • non-ferrous and precious metal deposits

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

26 pages, 9981 KiB  
Article
Ore Formation and Mineralogy of the Alattu–Päkylä Gold Occurrence, Ladoga Karelia, Russia
by Vasily I. Ivashchenko
Minerals 2024, 14(11), 1172; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14111172 - 18 Nov 2024
Viewed by 598
Abstract
The Alattu–Päkylä gold occurrence is located in the Northern Lake Ladoga area, in the Raaha-Ladoga suprasubduction zone, at the Karelian Craton (AR)—Svecofennian foldbelt (PR1) boundary. Its gold ore mineral associations are of two types of mineralization: (1) copper–molybdenum–porphyry with arsenopyrite and [...] Read more.
The Alattu–Päkylä gold occurrence is located in the Northern Lake Ladoga area, in the Raaha-Ladoga suprasubduction zone, at the Karelian Craton (AR)—Svecofennian foldbelt (PR1) boundary. Its gold ore mineral associations are of two types of mineralization: (1) copper–molybdenum–porphyry with arsenopyrite and gold (intrusion-related) and (2) gold–arsenopyrite–sulfide in shear zones. Optical and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and fire analysis with AAS finishing were used to study them. Type 1 was provoked by shallow-depth tonalite intrusion (~1.89 Ga) and type 2 by two stages of Svecofennian metamorphism (1.89–1.86 and 1.83–1.79 Ga) with the possible influence of the impactogenesis of the Janisjärvi astrobleme (age ~1 Ga). Intrusive and host rocks were subjected to shearing accompanied by the formation of ore-bearing metasomatic rocks of the propylite-beresite series (depending on substrate) and quartz–sericite, quartz and sericite–tourmaline veins and streaks. Ore mineralization is present as several consecutive mineral associations: pyritic–molybdenite with arsenopyrite and gold; gold–arsenopyrite; quartz–arsenopyrite with antimony sulfosalts of lead; gold–polysulfide with tetrahedrite –argentotetrahedrite series minerals and gold–antimony with Pb–Sb–S system minerals and native antimony. Arsenopyrite contains invisible (up to 234 ppm) and visible gold. Metamorphosed domains in arsenopyrite and rims with visible gold around it are usually enriched in As, indicating higher (up to >500 °C) temperatures of formations than original arsenopyrite with invisible gold (<500 °C). A paragenetic sequence associated with the deposition of invisible and visible gold established at the Alattu–Päkylä ore occurrence: pyrrhotite + unaltered arsenopyrite (with invisible gold) → altered arsenopyrite (As-enriched) + pyrite ± pyrrhotite + visible gold. Gold, associated with gudmundite, sphalerite and native antimony, seems to be due to cainotypic rhyodacitic porphyry cutting tonalite intrusion or with a retrograde stage in post-Svecofennian metamorphism. The isotopic composition of Pb and 238U/204Pb (9.4–9.75) for the feldspar of the tonalite intrusion and the pyrite of gold mineralization, εNd (−4 up to −5) for tonalites and ẟ34S values of −2.10–+4.99 for arsenopyrite, indicate the formation of gold occurrence provoked by Svecofennian magmatic and tectono-thermal processes with the involvement of matter from a mantle-lower crustal reservoir into magma formation and mineralization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genesis and Metallogeny of Non-ferrous and Precious Metal Deposits, 2nd Edition)
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19 pages, 10283 KiB  
Article
Genesis and Tectonic Implications of Early Cretaceous Granites in the Haobugao Area, Southern Great Xing’an Range: Insights from Zircon U–Pb Geochronology, Hf Isotopic Composition, and Petrochemistry
by Mengling Li, Henan Yu, Yi Tian, Haixin Yue, Yanping He, Yingbo Yu and Zhenjun Sun
Minerals 2024, 14(11), 1139; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14111139 - 11 Nov 2024
Viewed by 525
Abstract
In the Huanggangliang–Ganzhuermiao metallogenic belt in the southern Great Xing’an Range, the Haobugao Pb–Zn deposit is the most widespread skarn-type polymetallic deposit. The observed mineralization processes in this area are closely associated with both magmatic and tectonic activity. The zircon U–Pb ages of [...] Read more.
In the Huanggangliang–Ganzhuermiao metallogenic belt in the southern Great Xing’an Range, the Haobugao Pb–Zn deposit is the most widespread skarn-type polymetallic deposit. The observed mineralization processes in this area are closely associated with both magmatic and tectonic activity. The zircon U–Pb ages of two granitoid phases are 134.0 ± 0.6 Ma and 133.4 ± 0.9 Ma (Early Cretaceous). High SiO2 content (average mass fractions of 77.98 wt.% and 73.25 wt.%), high alkalinity (average mass fractions of 6.19 wt.% and 8.78 wt.%), and low CaO levels (average mass fractions of 0.16 wt.% and 0.12 wt.%) are characteristic of these rocks. They are also enriched in high-field-strength elements (HFSEs) (Th, U, Ta, Zr, Hf, etc.) and depleted in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) (Ba, Sr, etc.). Furthermore, the Nb/Ta ratios (7.80~8.82, 10.00~10.83) point to a crustal origin of the magma. The zircon Hf isotopic compositions suggest that the melting of young crust derived from Meso-Neoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic depleted mantle gave rise to the magma in these granite porphyries. These rocks formed in an extensional environment driven by the subduction and retreat of the Paleo-Pacific plate during the Early Cretaceous. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genesis and Metallogeny of Non-ferrous and Precious Metal Deposits, 2nd Edition)
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32 pages, 26323 KiB  
Article
Geochronology and Geochemical Characteristics of Granitoids in the Lesser Xing’an–Zhangguangcai Range: Petrogenesis and Implications for the Early Jurassic Tectonic Evolution of the Mudanjiang Ocean
by Jingui Kong, Kai Qiao, Xiaoyu Huo, Guobin Zhang, Xingkai Chen and Lei Yao
Minerals 2024, 14(9), 941; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14090941 - 15 Sep 2024
Viewed by 690
Abstract
This article focuses on zircon U-Pb isotope dating and a whole-rock elemental analysis of granodiorites, monzonitic granites, granodioritic porphyries, and alkali feldspar granites in the Yangmugang area of the Lesser Xing’an–Zhangguangcai Range. The zircon U-Pb isotope-dating results revealed that these granitic rocks formed [...] Read more.
This article focuses on zircon U-Pb isotope dating and a whole-rock elemental analysis of granodiorites, monzonitic granites, granodioritic porphyries, and alkali feldspar granites in the Yangmugang area of the Lesser Xing’an–Zhangguangcai Range. The zircon U-Pb isotope-dating results revealed that these granitic rocks formed during the late Early Jurassic period (182.9–177.2 Ma). Their geochemical characteristics and zircon saturation temperatures suggest that the granodiorites are moderately differentiated I-type granites and the monzonitic granite, granodioritic porphyries, and alkali feldspar granites are highly differentiated I-type granites. The degree of magma differentiation progressively increased from granodiorites to alkali feldspar granites. By combining the regional Nd and Hf isotope compositions, it was inferred that the magma source involved the melting of lower crustal material from the Mesoproterozoic to the Neoproterozoic eras. By integrating these findings with contemporaneous intrusive rock spatial variations, it was indicated that the late Early Jurassic granitoids in the Lesser Xing’an–Zhangguangcai Range formed within an extensional tectonic setting after the collision and closure of the Songnen–Zhangguangcai Range and Jiamusi blocks. Additionally, this study constrains the closure of the Mudanjiang Ocean to the late Early Jurassic period (177.2 Ma). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genesis and Metallogeny of Non-ferrous and Precious Metal Deposits, 2nd Edition)
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14 pages, 6630 KiB  
Article
Overprinting Mineralization in the Huoluotai Porphyry Cu (Mo) Deposit, NE China: Evidence from K-Feldspar Ar-Ar Geochronology and S-Pb Isotopes
by Yonggang Sun, Zhongjie Yang, Mingliang Wang, Chengcheng Xie, Xusheng Chen and Fanbo Meng
Minerals 2024, 14(9), 859; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14090859 - 24 Aug 2024
Viewed by 557
Abstract
The Great Xing’an Range (GXR) is a significant belt of polymetallic deposits located in the eastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The recently found Huoluotai porphyry Cu (Mo) deposit is situated in the northern GXR region in northeastern (NE) China. The [...] Read more.
The Great Xing’an Range (GXR) is a significant belt of polymetallic deposits located in the eastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The recently found Huoluotai porphyry Cu (Mo) deposit is situated in the northern GXR region in northeastern (NE) China. The deposit has been studied extensively using field geology and geochronological methods, which have identified two distinct mineralization events. These events include an early occurrence of porphyry-type Cu (Mo) mineralization and a later occurrence of vein-type Cu mineralization. Prior geochronology investigations have determined an approximate age of 147 Ma for the early porphyry-type Cu (Mo) mineralization. 40Ar/39Ar dating of K-feldspar of the altered Cu-mineralized quartz diorite porphyry veins for the overprinting vein-type Cu mineralization provides plateau ages of 123.1 ± 1.5 Ma, 122.3 ± 2.8 Ma, and 122.2 ± 0.4 Ma. Sulfide S-Pb isotope compositions of the two mineralization events suggest that both have a magmatic source. The origin of ore-forming metals displays the features of a crust–mantle mixing origin. The regional extensional tectonic setting in NE China during the Early Cretaceous was caused by large-scale lithosphere delamination and upwelling of the asthenospheric mantle. These processes were triggered by the rollback of the Paleo-Pacific Plate. The tectonic event in question resulted in the lithospheric thinning, significant magmatic activity, and mineralization in NE China. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genesis and Metallogeny of Non-ferrous and Precious Metal Deposits, 2nd Edition)
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51 pages, 12244 KiB  
Article
Mineralogy and Origin of Vein Wolframite Mineralization from the Pohled Quarry, Havlíčkův Brod Ore District, Czech Republic: Interaction of Magmatic and Basinal Fluids
by Zdeněk Dolníček, Jana Ulmanová, Luboš Vrtiška, Karel Malý, Michaela Krejčí Kotlánová and Rostislav Koutňák
Minerals 2024, 14(6), 610; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14060610 - 14 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 847
Abstract
Mineralogy and formation conditions were studied in a newly found vein wolframite mineralization, cutting migmatitized paragneisses in the exocontact of a small Carboniferous granite body in the Pohled quarry, Moldanubian Zone of the Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic. The early stage of the rich [...] Read more.
Mineralogy and formation conditions were studied in a newly found vein wolframite mineralization, cutting migmatitized paragneisses in the exocontact of a small Carboniferous granite body in the Pohled quarry, Moldanubian Zone of the Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic. The early stage of the rich mineral assemblage (36 mineral species) involves wolframite, columbite-group minerals, molybdenite, and scheelite hosted by quartz–muscovite–chlorite gangue, which was followed by base-metal sulfides in a quartz gangue, whereas the last stage included calcite gangue with fluorite and minor sulfides. The mineral assemblage points to the mobility of usually hardly soluble elements, including W, Sn, Zr, Nb, Th, Ti, Sc, Y, and REEs. A fluid inclusion study indicates a significant decrease in homogenization temperatures from 350–370 °C to less than 100 °C during vein formation. Fluids were aqueous, with a low salinity (0–12 wt. % NaCl eq.) and traces of CO2, N2, CH4, H2, and C2H6. The δ18O values of the fluids giving rise to quartz and scheelite are positive (min. 4‰–6‰ V-SMOW). The Eh and pH of the fluid also changed during evolution of the vein. Both wolframite and columbite-group minerals are anomalously enriched in Mg. We suggest that the origin of this distinct mineralization was related to the mixing of Mo,W-bearing granite-derived magmatic fluids with external basinal waters derived from contemporaneous freshwater (but episodically evaporated) piedmont basins. The basinal waters infiltrated into the subsurface along fractures formed in the extensional tectonic regime, and their circulation continued even after the ending of the activity of magmatic fluids. The studied wolframite mineralization represents the most complete record of the ‘hydrothermal’ history of a site adjacent to a cooling granite body in the study area. Moreover, there are broad similarities in the mineral assemblages, textures, and chemical compositions of individual minerals from other occurrences of wolframite mineralization around the Central Moldanubian Plutonic Complex, pointing to the genetic similarities of the Variscan wolframite-bearing veins in this area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genesis and Metallogeny of Non-ferrous and Precious Metal Deposits, 2nd Edition)
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23 pages, 4493 KiB  
Article
40Ar/39Ar Dating and In Situ Trace Element Geochemistry of Quartz and Mica in the Weilasituo Deposit in Inner Mongolia, China: Implications for Li–Polymetallic Metallogenesis
by Xue Wang, Ke-Yong Wang, Yang Gao, Jun-Chi Chen, Han-Wen Xue and Hao-Ming Li
Minerals 2024, 14(6), 575; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14060575 - 30 May 2024
Viewed by 763
Abstract
The Weilasituo Li–polymetallic deposit, located on the western slope of the southern Great Xing’an Range in the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt, is hosted by quartz porphyry with crypto-explosive breccia-type Li mineralisation atop and vein-type Sn-Mo-W-Zn polymetallic mineralisation throughout the breccia pipe. This [...] Read more.
The Weilasituo Li–polymetallic deposit, located on the western slope of the southern Great Xing’an Range in the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt, is hosted by quartz porphyry with crypto-explosive breccia-type Li mineralisation atop and vein-type Sn-Mo-W-Zn polymetallic mineralisation throughout the breccia pipe. This study introduces new data on multistage quartz and mica in situ trace elements; the study was conducted using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and 40Ar/39Ar dating of zinnwaldite to delineate the metallogenic age and genesis of Li mineralisation. Zinnwaldite yields a plateau age of 132.45 ± 1.3 Ma (MSWD = 0.77), representing Early Cretaceous Li mineralisation. Throughout the magmatic–hydrothermal process, quartz trace elements showed Ge enrichment. Li, Al, and Ti contents decreased, with Al/Ti and Ge/Ti ratios increasing, indicating increased magmatic differentiation, slight acidification, and cooling. Mica’s rising Li, Rb, Cs, Mg, and Ti contents and Nb/Ta ratio, alongside its falling K/Rb ratio, indicate the magma’s ongoing crystallisation differentiation. Fractional crystallisation primarily enriched Li, Rb, and Cs in the late melt. Mica’s high Sc, V, and W contents indicate a high fO2 setting, with a slightly lower fO2 during zinnwaldite formation. Greisenisation observed Zn, Mg, and Fe influx from the host rock, broadening zinnwaldite distribution and forming minor Zn vein orebodies later. Late-stage fluorite precipitation highlights a rise in F levels, with fluid Sn and W levels tied to magma evolution and F content. In summary, the Weilasituo Li–polymetallic deposit was formed in an Early Cretaceous extensional environment and is closely related to a nearby highly differentiated Li-F granite. During magma differentiation, rare metal elements such as Li and Rb were enriched in residual melts. The decrease in temperature and the acidic environment led to the precipitation of Li-, Rb-, and W-bearing minerals, and the increased F content in the late stage led to Sn enrichment and mineralisation. Fluid metasomatism causes Zn, Mg, and Fe in the surrounding rock to enter the fluid, and Zn is enriched and mineralised in the later period. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genesis and Metallogeny of Non-ferrous and Precious Metal Deposits, 2nd Edition)
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