Biomineralization and Biominerals: Lessons from Mineral-Producing Organisms, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomineralization and Biominerals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2025 | Viewed by 2511

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
Interests: mineralization; biomaterials; bioarcheology; synthetic chemistry; palaeobiology; geoscience; materials science; biophysics; biochemistry; smart concrete
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Department of Geology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
Interests: skeletal micro- and ultrastructures; evolution of mineral composition; biomineralization in serpulids; biomineralization in problematic fossils; aragonite versus calcite seas; ocean acidification
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Living organisms have gone through an evolution, over 3.8 Gyr, to use inorganic matrices to fashion a diverse range of highly organized biological minerals that are ideal for biological functions. For instance, teeth made of calcium phosphate mineral enable mammals to tear, chew food and are also used as a weapon, while bones made of calcium phosphate provide a skeleton to support the body. Sea urchins use teeth made of a complex arrangement of calcite and calcium carbonate to grind the seabed in search of food and hollow out holes for sanctuary from predators and waves. The skeletons of deep-sea glass sponges are built of silica-based minerals which, in turn, make exceptional fibre-optic properties. Mollusc shells are made of calcareous, aragonite, or calcite, then achieve stiffness and toughness higher than that of their pure inorganic counterparts. A shrimp’s dactyl club exhibits tough and exceptional damage tolerance properties due to the complex bioapatite-based mineralized structure. As with all these biominerals, the structural design elements are composed of biopolymers, such as collagen, chitin, silk, keratin, and proteoglycans, and are hierarchically assembled in parallel to form microfibrils, fibrils, or fibres, depending upon the particular system involved. The properties of biominerals are far superior compared to human-made materials, and the current understanding of their formation is far from complete. It is indeed necessary to learn from nature. The structural lessons gained from the study of these biocomposites could thus provide important design insights into the fabrication of tough layered inorganic–organic hybrid materials/morphologies that could always have fresh surfaces to do specific jobs.

Therefore, you are invited to submit manuscripts that focus on biomineralization and biomineral characterization as well as biomimetic design and that will be highly beneficial to society.

Dr. Oluwatoosin Agbaje
Dr. Olev Vinn
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • biomineralization
  • biomaterials
  • apatite structure
  • mollusc shell
  • extracellular matrix
  • fossilized biominerals
  • biomimetic mineralization
  • advanced functional materials
  • lessons from nature
  • materials science

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 6065 KiB  
Article
The Formation of Calcium–Magnesium Carbonate Minerals Induced by Curvibacter sp. HJ-1 under Different Mg/Ca Molar Ratios
by Chonghong Zhang, Fuchun Li, Kai Yang and Jianrong Zhou
Minerals 2024, 14(6), 606; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14060606 - 12 Jun 2024
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Abstract
Microbial mineralization of calcium–magnesium carbonate has been a hot research topic in the fields of geomicrobiology and engineering geology in the past decades. However, the formation and phase transition mechanism of calcium–magnesium carbonate polymorphs at different Mg/Ca ratios still need to be explored. [...] Read more.
Microbial mineralization of calcium–magnesium carbonate has been a hot research topic in the fields of geomicrobiology and engineering geology in the past decades. However, the formation and phase transition mechanism of calcium–magnesium carbonate polymorphs at different Mg/Ca ratios still need to be explored. In this study, microbial induced carbonate mineralization experiments were carried out for 50 days in culture medium with Mg/Ca molar ratios of 0, 1.5, and 3 under the action of Curvibacter sp. HJ-1. The roles of bacteria and the Mg/Ca ratio on the mineral formation and phase transition were investigated. Experimental results show that (1) strain HJ-1 could induce vaterite, aragonite, and magnesium calcite formation in culture media with different Mg/Ca molar ratios. The increased stability of the metastable phase suggests that bacterial extracellular secretions and Mg2+ ions inhibit the carbonate phase-transition process. (2) The morphology of bacteriological carbonate minerals and the formation mechanism of spherical minerals were different in Mg-free and Mg-containing media. (3) The increased Mg/Ca ratio in the culture medium has an influence on the formation and transformation of calcium–magnesium carbonate by controlling the metabolism of Curvibacter sp. HJ-1 and the activity of bacterial secretion. Full article
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9 pages, 28980 KiB  
Article
New Type of SIOP Structure in Serpulidae: Formation and Evolutionary Implications
by Olev Vinn, Abdullah A. Alkahtane, Saleh Al Farraj and Magdy El Hedeny
Minerals 2024, 14(3), 291; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14030291 - 10 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1203
Abstract
There is a controversy involved in the models of the formation of serpulid tube microstructures, which either have been formed in similar ways to molluscan structures or in an alternative, unique serpulid way. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) study of the tube microstructure [...] Read more.
There is a controversy involved in the models of the formation of serpulid tube microstructures, which either have been formed in similar ways to molluscan structures or in an alternative, unique serpulid way. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) study of the tube microstructure of Crucigera zygophora has been performed. A new serpulid tube microstructure, an aggregative SIOP, has been discovered in C. zygophora, herein termed ASIOP. During the first phase of crystallization, the sparsely located nuclei of the ASIOP structure formed, and in the second phase of crystal growth, the nucleation of spherultic sectors took place on the surface of preformed nuclei. The ASIOP structure differs from SIOP by more sparsely located crystallisation centres (nuclei) and the slower formation (i.e., crystallisation) of basic units. The formation of the ASIOP structure cannot be fully explained by the classical carbonate slurry model. Future comparative studies should show whether molluscan crossed spindle-like structures and serpulid SIOP structures are structural analogues. Full article
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