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Designed Fluorescent Sensors for Neutral Molecules and Ions
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Designed Fluorescent Sensors for Neutral Molecules and Ions

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Organic Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 17743

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Takahiro Kusukawa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
Interests: fluorescence sensor; molecular recognition; supramolecular chemistry; recognition of organic molecules; recognition of ions; recognition of biomolecules; aggregation induced emission (AIE); DOSY NMR; mechanochromism; crystal polymorphism

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fluorescent sensors for neutral molecules and ions have been widely applied in many diverse fields, such as chemistry, biology, pharmacology, physiology, and environmental sciences. Analyte detection by a fluorescent sensor is usually achieved through mechanisms including chelation-induced enhanced fluorescence (CHEF), photoinduced electron transfer (PET), intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), aggregation induced emission (AIE), and so on. Due to the high levels of sensitivity and in particular their ability to be used for in vivo imaging applications, fluorescent sensors have been widely applied in a variety of fields. Despite the progress made in this field, several problems and challenges still exist.

The aim of this Special Issue is to discuss their design, synthesis, characterization and their unique physical, chemical, and biomedical applications. We cordially invite you to contribute to this themed issue. Both original research and review articles are highly welcome.

Prof. Takahiro Kusukawa
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Fluorescence sensor
  • Molecular recognition
  • Supramolecular interactions
  • Recognition of organic molecules
  • Recognition of ions
  • Recognition of biomolecules
  • Chelation induced enhanced fluorescence (CHEF)
  • Intramolecular charge transfer (ICT)
  • Photo-induced electron transfer (PET)
  • Aggregation induced emission (AIE)

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 2022 KiB  
Article
A Metal-Based Receptor for Selective Coordination and Fluorescent Sensing of Chloride
by Mauro Formica, Vieri Fusi, Daniele Paderni, Gianluca Ambrosi, Mario Inclán, Maria Paz Clares, Begoña Verdejo and Enrique García-España
Molecules 2021, 26(8), 2352; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082352 - 18 Apr 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2153
Abstract
A scorpionate Zn2+ complex, constituted by a macrocyclic pyridinophane core attached to a pendant arm containing a fluorescent pyridyl-oxadiazole-phenyl unit (PyPD), has been shown to selectively recognize chloride anions, giving rise to changes in fluorescence emission that are clearly visible under a [...] Read more.
A scorpionate Zn2+ complex, constituted by a macrocyclic pyridinophane core attached to a pendant arm containing a fluorescent pyridyl-oxadiazole-phenyl unit (PyPD), has been shown to selectively recognize chloride anions, giving rise to changes in fluorescence emission that are clearly visible under a 365 nm UV lamp. This recognition event has been studied by means of absorption, fluorescence, and NMR spectroscopy, and it involves the intramolecular displacement of the PyPD unit by chloride anions. Moreover, since the chromophore is not removed from the system after the recognition event, the fluorescence can readily be restored by elimination of the bound chloride anion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Designed Fluorescent Sensors for Neutral Molecules and Ions)
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12 pages, 6143 KiB  
Article
A Phenothiazine-HPQ Based Fluorescent Probe with a Large Stokes Shift for Sensing Biothiols in Living Systems
by Yan Zheng, Peng Hou, Yu Li, Jingwen Sun, Hongxia Cui, Haiyan Zhang and Song Chen
Molecules 2021, 26(8), 2337; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082337 - 17 Apr 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2370
Abstract
Due to the redox properties closely related to numerous physiological and pathological processes, biothiols, including cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH), have received considerable attention in biological science. On account of the important physiological roles of these biothiols, it is of profound [...] Read more.
Due to the redox properties closely related to numerous physiological and pathological processes, biothiols, including cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH), have received considerable attention in biological science. On account of the important physiological roles of these biothiols, it is of profound significance to develop sensitive and selective detection of biothiols to understand their biological profiles. In this work, we reported an efficient fluorescent probe, PHPQ-SH, for detecting biothiols in vitro and vivo, based on the phenothiazine-HPQ skeleton, with DNBS (2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonate) as the response unit. Probe PHPQ-SH exhibited brilliant sensing performances toward thiols, including a large Stokes shift (138 nm), excellent sensitivity (for GSH, LOD = 18.3 nM), remarkable fluorescence enhancement (163-fold), low cytotoxicity, rapid response (8 min), and extraordinary selectivity. Finally, the probe PHPQ-SH illustrated herein was capable of responding and visualizing biothiols in MCF-7 cells and zebrafish. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Designed Fluorescent Sensors for Neutral Molecules and Ions)
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12 pages, 1741 KiB  
Article
Fabrication of Double Emission Enhancement Fluorescent Nanoparticles with Combined PET and AIEE Effects
by Hsing-Ju Wu and Cheng-Chung Chang
Molecules 2020, 25(23), 5732; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235732 - 4 Dec 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2355
Abstract
The major challenge in the fabrication of fluorescent silica nanoparticles (FSNs) based on dye-doped silica nanoparticles (DDSNs) is aggregation-caused fluorescence quenching. Here, we constructed an FSN based on a double emission enhancement (DEE) platform. A thio-reactive fluorescence turn-on molecule, N-butyl-4-(4-maleimidostyryl)-1,8-naphthalimide (CS), was [...] Read more.
The major challenge in the fabrication of fluorescent silica nanoparticles (FSNs) based on dye-doped silica nanoparticles (DDSNs) is aggregation-caused fluorescence quenching. Here, we constructed an FSN based on a double emission enhancement (DEE) platform. A thio-reactive fluorescence turn-on molecule, N-butyl-4-(4-maleimidostyryl)-1,8-naphthalimide (CS), was bound to a silane coupling agent, (3-mercaptopropyl)-trimethoxysilane (MPTMS), and the product N-butyl-4-(3-(trimethoxysilyl-propylthio)styryl)-1,8-naphthalimide (CSP) was further used to fabricate a core–shell nanoparticle through the Stöber method. We concluded that the turn-on emission by CSP originated from the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) between the maleimide moiety and the CSP core scaffold, and the second emission enhancement was attributed to the aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) in CSP when encapsulated inside a core–shell nanoparticle. Thus, FSNs could be obtained through DEE based on a combination of PET and AIEE effects. Systematic investigations verified that the resulting FSNs showed the traditional solvent-independent and photostable optical properties. The results implied that the novel FSNs are suitable as biomarkers in living cells and function as fluorescent visualizing agents for intracellular imaging and drug carriers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Designed Fluorescent Sensors for Neutral Molecules and Ions)
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10 pages, 1286 KiB  
Article
Concentration-Emission Matrix (CEM) Spectroscopy Combined with GA-SVM: An Analytical Method to Recognize Oil Species in Marine
by Yunan Chen, Ruifang Yang, Nanjing Zhao, Wei Zhu, Xiaowei Chen, Ruiqi Zhang, Jianguo Liu and Wenqing Liu
Molecules 2020, 25(21), 5124; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215124 - 4 Nov 2020
Viewed by 1867
Abstract
The establishment and development of a set of methods of oil accurate recognition in a different environment are of great significance to the effective management of oil spill pollution. In this work, the concentration-emission matrix (CEM) is formed by introducing the concentration dimension. [...] Read more.
The establishment and development of a set of methods of oil accurate recognition in a different environment are of great significance to the effective management of oil spill pollution. In this work, the concentration-emission matrix (CEM) is formed by introducing the concentration dimension. The principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to extract the spectral feature. The classification methods, such as Probabilistic Neural Networks (PNNs) and Genic Algorithm optimization Support Vector Machine (SVM) parameters (GA-SVM), are used for oil identification and the recognition accuracies of the two classification methods are compared. The results show that the GA-SVM combined with PCA has the highest recognition accuracy for different oils. The proposed approach has great potential in rapid and accurate oil source identification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Designed Fluorescent Sensors for Neutral Molecules and Ions)
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11 pages, 2502 KiB  
Article
Fluorescence Detection of Deoxyadenosine in Cordyceps spp. by Indicator Displacement Assay
by Arinta Agnie Dewantari, Nattha Yongwattana, Panwajee Payongsri, Sawinee Seemakhan, Suparerk Borwornpinyo, Akio Ojida and Jirarut Wongkongkatep
Molecules 2020, 25(9), 2045; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092045 - 28 Apr 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3274
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive and reliable indicator displacement assay (IDA) for specific detection of 2′- and 3′-deoxyadenosine (2′-dAde and 3′-dAde), the latter is also known as cordycepin, was established. The formation of inclusion complex between protonated acridine orange (AOH+) and cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) [...] Read more.
A rapid, sensitive and reliable indicator displacement assay (IDA) for specific detection of 2′- and 3′-deoxyadenosine (2′-dAde and 3′-dAde), the latter is also known as cordycepin, was established. The formation of inclusion complex between protonated acridine orange (AOH+) and cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) resulted in the hypochromic shift of fluorescent emission from 530 nm to 512 nm. Addition of cordycepin to the highly fluorescent AOH+/CB7 complex resulted in a unique tripartite AOH+/CB7/dAde complex with diminished fluorescence, and such reduction in emission intensity serves as the basis for our novel sensing system. The detection limits were 11 and 82 μM for 2′- and 3′-deoxyadenosine, respectively. The proposed method also demonstrated high selectivity toward 2′- and 3′-deoxyadenosine, owing to the inability of other deoxynucleosides, nucleosides and nucleotides commonly found in Cordyceps spp. to displace the AOH+ from the AOH+/CB7 complex, which was confirmed by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), UV-Visible and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. Our method was successfully implemented in the analysis of cordycepin in commercially available Ophiocordyceps and Cordyceps supplements, providing a novel and effective tool for quality assessment of these precious fungi with several health benefits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Designed Fluorescent Sensors for Neutral Molecules and Ions)
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Review

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16 pages, 2235 KiB  
Review
Ternary Quantum Dots in Chemical Analysis. Synthesis and Detection Mechanisms
by Raybel Muñoz, Eva M. Santos, Carlos A. Galan-Vidal, Jose M. Miranda, Aroa Lopez-Santamarina and Jose A. Rodriguez
Molecules 2021, 26(9), 2764; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092764 - 8 May 2021
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4654
Abstract
Ternary quantum dots (QDs) are novel nanomaterials that can be used in chemical analysis due their unique physicochemical and spectroscopic properties. These properties are size-dependent and can be adjusted in the synthetic protocol modifying the reaction medium, time, source of heat, and the [...] Read more.
Ternary quantum dots (QDs) are novel nanomaterials that can be used in chemical analysis due their unique physicochemical and spectroscopic properties. These properties are size-dependent and can be adjusted in the synthetic protocol modifying the reaction medium, time, source of heat, and the ligand used for stabilization. In the last decade, several spectroscopic methods have been developed for the analysis of organic and inorganic analytes in biological, drug, environmental, and food samples, in which different sensing schemes have been applied using ternary quantum dots. This review addresses the different synthetic approaches of ternary quantum dots, the sensing mechanisms involved in the analyte detection, and the predominant areas in which these nanomaterials are used. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Designed Fluorescent Sensors for Neutral Molecules and Ions)
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