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Pharmaceutical Modelling in Physical Chemistry

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2025 | Viewed by 5216

Special Issue Editors

Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
Interests: force field; enhanced sampling; host–guest binding; liquids
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Guest Editor
School of Science, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China
Interests: gaussian accelerated dynamics simulations; binding free energy calculations; RNA–ligand identification
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Guest Editor Assistant
Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, China
Interests: machine learning; generative models; ab initio calculation; molecular dynamics

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Guest Editor Assistant
School of Medical Engineering & Henan International Joint Laboratory of Neural Information Analysis and Drug Intelligent Design, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
Interests: free energy calculation; protein–ligand interaction

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, the fusion of techniques with various origins (e.g., molecular dynamics and machine learning) has made molecular modelling a powerful tool in pharmaceutical research. At the macroscale, with the aid of advanced computational techniques, the chemical and biophysical research communities have witnessed a number of accelerated digital discoveries of pharmaceutically active agents. Semi-empirical and physics-based scoring functions, machine-learning predictors and atomistic free energy calculations have been dominantly applied in academic and industrial drug discovery projects. A ladder of computational tools is often constructed based on the predictive power and the computational cost. Notably, machine-learning techniques as a complement to biophysical models have exhibited exceptional potential in various areas involved in pharmaceutical research, e.g., 2D and 3D molecular generative models in the case of ligand-based or structure-based de novo drug designs, chemical synthesis accessibility predictions and retrosynthesis analysis to accelerate the iterations between wet and dry experiment in drug developments. On the other hand, for individual systems of great biophysical importance but without sufficient understanding at the atomistic level, molecular modelling contributes significantly to the elucidation of the underlying mechanisms of biochemical and biophysical events. For example, the binding pathway and multi-modal binding behaviours unobserved experimentally could be explored via enhanced sampling simulations with all-atom force fields for protein–ligand complexes.

Recognizing the recent development of novel strategies and pivotal applications in the molecular modelling and digital discovery of pharmaceutical agents, the Molecules journal provides an open invitation to the computational biophysics and chemistry research community to contribute to a Special Issue entitled ‘Pharmaceutical Modelling’. As suggested by the title, this Special Issue welcomes manuscripts relevant to the molecular modelling of pharmaceutical agents, including, e.g., molecular simulations of protein–protein, protein–ligand and host–guest complexes, machine-learning-augmented drug discovery and generative models on drug-like molecules and drug-biomacromolecule assemblies. 

Dr. Zhaoxi Sun
Dr. Jianzhong Chen
Guest Editors

Dr. Mingyuan Xu
Dr. Meiting Wang
Guest Editor Assistants

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • pharmaceutical modelling
  • virtual screening
  • machine learning
  • molecular dynamics
  • enhanced sampling
  • ab initio calculations

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 5186 KiB  
Article
Insights into the Interaction Mechanisms of Peptide and Non-Peptide Inhibitors with MDM2 Using Gaussian-Accelerated Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Deep Learning
by Wanchun Yang, Jian Wang, Lu Zhao and Jianzhong Chen
Molecules 2024, 29(14), 3377; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29143377 - 18 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1055
Abstract
Inhibiting MDM2-p53 interaction is considered an efficient mode of cancer treatment. In our current study, Gaussian-accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD), deep learning (DL), and binding free energy calculations were combined together to probe the binding mechanism of non-peptide inhibitors K23 and 0Y7 and peptide [...] Read more.
Inhibiting MDM2-p53 interaction is considered an efficient mode of cancer treatment. In our current study, Gaussian-accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD), deep learning (DL), and binding free energy calculations were combined together to probe the binding mechanism of non-peptide inhibitors K23 and 0Y7 and peptide ones PDI6W and PDI to MDM2. The GaMD trajectory-based DL approach successfully identified significant functional domains, predominantly located at the helixes α2 and α2’, as well as the β-strands and loops between α2 and α2’. The post-processing analysis of the GaMD simulations indicated that inhibitor binding highly influences the structural flexibility and collective motions of MDM2. Calculations of molecular mechanics–generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) and solvated interaction energy (SIE) not only suggest that the ranking of the calculated binding free energies is in agreement with that of the experimental results, but also verify that van der Walls interactions are the primary forces responsible for inhibitor–MDM2 binding. Our findings also indicate that peptide inhibitors yield more interaction contacts with MDM2 compared to non-peptide inhibitors. Principal component analysis (PCA) and free energy landscape (FEL) analysis indicated that the piperidinone inhibitor 0Y7 shows the most pronounced impact on the free energy profiles of MDM2, with the piperidinone inhibitor demonstrating higher fluctuation amplitudes along primary eigenvectors. The hot spots of MDM2 revealed by residue-based free energy estimation provide target sites for drug design toward MDM2. This study is expected to provide useful theoretical aid for the development of selective inhibitors of MDM2 family members. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmaceutical Modelling in Physical Chemistry)
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21 pages, 5101 KiB  
Article
Conformational States of the GDP- and GTP-Bound HRAS Affected by A59E and K117R: An Exploration from Gaussian Accelerated Molecular Dynamics
by Zhiping Yu, Zhen Wang, Xiuzhen Cui, Zanxia Cao, Wanyunfei Zhang, Kunxiao Sun and Guodong Hu
Molecules 2024, 29(3), 645; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29030645 - 30 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1285
Abstract
The HRAS protein is considered a critical target for drug development in cancers. It is vital for effective drug development to understand the effects of mutations on the binding of GTP and GDP to HRAS. We conducted Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) simulations [...] Read more.
The HRAS protein is considered a critical target for drug development in cancers. It is vital for effective drug development to understand the effects of mutations on the binding of GTP and GDP to HRAS. We conducted Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) simulations and free energy landscape (FEL) calculations to investigate the impacts of two mutations (A59E and K117R) on GTP and GDP binding and the conformational states of the switch domain. Our findings demonstrate that these mutations not only modify the flexibility of the switch domains, but also affect the correlated motions of these domains. Furthermore, the mutations significantly disrupt the dynamic behavior of the switch domains, leading to a conformational change in HRAS. Additionally, these mutations significantly impact the switch domain’s interactions, including their hydrogen bonding with ligands and electrostatic interactions with magnesium ions. Since the switch domains are crucial for the binding of HRAS to effectors, any alterations in their interactions or conformational states will undoubtedly disrupt the activity of HRAS. This research provides valuable information for the design of drugs targeting HRAS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmaceutical Modelling in Physical Chemistry)
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18 pages, 4023 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Solubility Limits of Edaravone in Neat Solvents and Binary Mixtures: Experimental and Machine Learning Study
by Maciej Przybyłek, Tomasz Jeliński, Magdalena Mianowana, Kinga Misiak and Piotr Cysewski
Molecules 2023, 28(19), 6877; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28196877 - 29 Sep 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1219
Abstract
This study explores the edaravone solubility space encompassing both neat and binary dissolution media. Efforts were made to reveal the inherent concentration limits of common pure and mixed solvents. For this purpose, the published solubility data of the title drug were scrupulously inspected [...] Read more.
This study explores the edaravone solubility space encompassing both neat and binary dissolution media. Efforts were made to reveal the inherent concentration limits of common pure and mixed solvents. For this purpose, the published solubility data of the title drug were scrupulously inspected and cured, which made the dataset consistent and coherent. However, the lack of some important types of solvents in the collection called for an extension of the available pool of edaravone solubility data. Hence, new measurements were performed to collect edaravone solubility values in polar non-protic and diprotic media. Such an extended set of data was used in the machine learning process for tuning the parameters of regressor models and formulating the ensemble for predicting new data. In both phases, namely the model training and ensemble formulation, close attention was paid not only to minimizing the deviation of computed values from the experimental ones but also to ensuring high predictive power and accurate solubility computations for new systems. Furthermore, the environmental friendliness characteristics determined based on the common green solvent selection criteria, were included in the analysis. Our applied protocol led to the conclusion that the solubility space defined by ordinary solvents is limited, and it is unlikely to find solvents that are better suited for edaravone dissolution than those described in this manuscript. The theoretical framework presented in this study provides a precise guideline for conducting experiments, as well as saving time and resources in the pursuit of new findings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmaceutical Modelling in Physical Chemistry)
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30 pages, 7154 KiB  
Article
Host Dynamics under General-Purpose Force Fields
by Xiaohui Wang, Zhe Huai and Zhaoxi Sun
Molecules 2023, 28(16), 5940; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28165940 - 8 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1142
Abstract
Macrocyclic hosts as prototypical receptors to gaseous and drug-like guests are crucial components in pharmaceutical research. The external guests are often coordinated at the center of these macromolecular containers. The formation of host–guest coordination is accompanied by the broken of host–water and host–ion [...] Read more.
Macrocyclic hosts as prototypical receptors to gaseous and drug-like guests are crucial components in pharmaceutical research. The external guests are often coordinated at the center of these macromolecular containers. The formation of host–guest coordination is accompanied by the broken of host–water and host–ion interactions and sometimes also involves some conformational rearrangements of the host. A balanced description of various components of interacting terms is indispensable. However, up to now, the modeling community still lacks a general yet detailed understanding of commonly employed general-purpose force fields and the host dynamics produced by these popular selections. To fill this critical gap, in this paper, we profile the energetics and dynamics of four types of popular macrocycles, including cucurbiturils, pillararenes, cyclodextrins, and octa acids. The presented investigations of force field definitions, refitting, and evaluations are unprecedently detailed. Based on the valuable observations and insightful explanations, we finally summarize some general guidelines on force field parametrization and selection in host–guest modeling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmaceutical Modelling in Physical Chemistry)
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