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Role of Hyaluronan in Biomedicine
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Role of Hyaluronan in Biomedicine

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Macromolecular Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2020) | Viewed by 33997

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Adam Gadomski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Mathematics and Physics, UTP University of Science and Technology, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Interests: statistical mechanics; soft condensed matter; (bio)materials nanophysics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Piotr Bełdowski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Mathematics and Physics, UTP University of Science and Technology, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Interests: soft condensed matter; biophysics; computational physics; physical chemistry

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hyaluronic acid, a molecule of interest in this Special Issue, is a biopolymer that has many significant roles in biology and medicine. Hyaluronan is the only nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan present in the extracellular matrix. It is present in a wide distribution of molecular mass, between 5kDa and 20 MDa, enabling it to act as a viscoelastic agent in solution. Due to this fact, it contributes to cell proliferation and migration significantly. Hyaluronan also plays an essential role in cell signaling, molecular sieving, and other physiological processes that are attributed to its physicochemical properties.

Hyaluronan can be found in several tissues in the body: cartilage, lungs, skin, eyes, etc. It is commonly used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, where it is applied in the form of intra-articular injections. However, recently, the efficiency of viscosupplementation, as this therapy is referred to as, is being questioned as more studies report on its low efficacy. Nevertheless, there are multiple applications, such as wound healing, dry eye therapy, and many others.

Hyaluronan is one of the main components of synovial fluid, one of the lubricants of articular cartilage, where it contributes by means of aggregation and network formation to viscosity modification (non-Newtonian fluid), molecular sieving, or cell signaling. However, the excellent lubricating properties of a synovial fluid originate from a synergy between hyaluronan and other components. Especially interactions between hyaluronan, phospholipids, and proteins such as albumin or globulin are of importance for efficient lubrication. 

The proposed Special Issue calls for papers on physicochemical and biophysical properties of hyaluronic acid and its complexes with other biomolecules as inspired by its many biological and therapeutic functions. The papers should address applications of the presented results in biomedicine and related subdisciplines, such as physical biology.

Prof.  Adam Gadomski
Dr. Piotr Bełdowski
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • Hyaluronic acid
  • Synovial fluid
  • Lubrication
  • Association
  • Synergy

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 8861 KiB  
Article
Influence of the Molecular Weight and the Presence of Calcium Ions on the Molecular Interaction of Hyaluronan and DPPC
by Thomas Zander, Vasil M. Garamus, Andra Dédinaité, Per M. Claesson, Piotr Bełdowski, Krzysztof Górny, Zbigniew Dendzik, D. C. Florian Wieland and Regine Willumeit-Römer
Molecules 2020, 25(17), 3907; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25173907 - 27 Aug 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2936
Abstract
Hyaluronan is an essential physiological bio macromolecule with different functions. One prominent area is the synovial fluid which exhibits remarkable lubrication properties. However, the synovial fluid is a multi-component system where different macromolecules interact in a synergetic fashion. Within this study we focus [...] Read more.
Hyaluronan is an essential physiological bio macromolecule with different functions. One prominent area is the synovial fluid which exhibits remarkable lubrication properties. However, the synovial fluid is a multi-component system where different macromolecules interact in a synergetic fashion. Within this study we focus on the interaction of hyaluronan and phospholipids, which are thought to play a key role for lubrication. We investigate how the interactions and the association structures formed by hyaluronan (HA) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) are influenced by the molecular weight of the bio polymer and the ionic composition of the solution. We combine techniques allowing us to investigate the phase behavior of lipids (differential scanning calorimetry, zeta potential and electrophoretic mobility) with structural investigation (dynamic light scattering, small angle scattering) and theoretical simulations (molecular dynamics). The interaction of hyaluronan and phospholipids depends on the molecular weight, where hyaluronan with lower molecular weight has the strongest interaction. Furthermore, the interaction is increased by the presence of calcium ions. Our simulations show that calcium ions are located close to the carboxylate groups of HA and, by this, reduce the number of formed hydrogen bonds between HA and DPPC. The observed change in the DPPC phase behavior can be attributed to a local charge inversion by calcium ions binding to the carboxylate groups as the binding distribution of hyaluronan and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is not changed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Hyaluronan in Biomedicine)
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14 pages, 3006 KiB  
Article
Viscosified Solid Lipidic Nanoparticles Based on Naringenin and Linolenic Acid for the Release of Cyclosporine A on the Skin
by Sonia Trombino, Camilla Servidio, Annarita Stella Laganà, Filomena Conforti, Mariangela Marrelli and Roberta Cassano
Molecules 2020, 25(15), 3535; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25153535 - 2 Aug 2020
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3681
Abstract
Psoriasis is one of the most common human skin disorders. Although its pathogenesis is complex and not completely know, the hyperactivation of the immune system seem to have a key role. In this regard, among the most effective systemic therapeutics used in psoriasis, [...] Read more.
Psoriasis is one of the most common human skin disorders. Although its pathogenesis is complex and not completely know, the hyperactivation of the immune system seem to have a key role. In this regard, among the most effective systemic therapeutics used in psoriasis, we find cyclosporine, an immunosuppressive medication. However, one of the major problems associated with the use of cyclosporine is the occurrence of systemic side effects such as nephrotoxicity, hypertension, etc. The present work fits in this context and its aim is the design of suitable platforms for cyclosporine topical release in psoriasis treatment. The main objective is to achieve local administration of cyclosporine in order to reduce its systemic absorption and, consequently, its side effects. In order to improve dermal penetration, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are used as carriers, due to their lipophilicity and occlusive properties, and naringenin and linolenic acid are chosen, due to their properties, as starting materials for SLNs design. In order to have dermatological formulations and further modulate drug release, SLNs are incorporated in several topical vehicles obtaining gels with different degree of lipophilicity. Potential applications for psoriasis treatment were evaluated by considering the encapsulation efficiency, release profiles, in vitro skin permeation, and anti-inflammatory effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Hyaluronan in Biomedicine)
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Review

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17 pages, 2500 KiB  
Review
Hyaluronic Acid as a Component of Natural Polymer Blends for Biomedical Applications: A Review
by Alina Sionkowska, Magdalena Gadomska, Katarzyna Musiał and Jacek Piątek
Molecules 2020, 25(18), 4035; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184035 - 4 Sep 2020
Cited by 77 | Viewed by 9167
Abstract
In this review, we provide a report on recent studies in the field of research on the blends of hyaluronic acid with other natural polymers, namely collagen and chitosan. Hyaluronic acid has attracted significant interest in biomedical and cosmetic applications due to its [...] Read more.
In this review, we provide a report on recent studies in the field of research on the blends of hyaluronic acid with other natural polymers, namely collagen and chitosan. Hyaluronic acid has attracted significant interest in biomedical and cosmetic applications due to its interesting properties. In recent years, blends of hyaluronic acid with other polymers have been studied for new materials development. New materials may show improved properties that are important in the biomedical applications and in cosmetic preparations. In this review paper, the structure, preparation, and properties of hyaluronic acid blends with collagen and chitosan have been discussed and examples of new materials based on such blends have been presented. A comparison of the currently available information in the field has been shown. Future aspects in the field of hyaluronic acid blends and their applications in the biomedical and cosmetic industry have also been mentioned. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Hyaluronan in Biomedicine)
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38 pages, 9537 KiB  
Review
Hyaluronic Acid and Controlled Release: A Review
by Ilker S. Bayer
Molecules 2020, 25(11), 2649; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112649 - 6 Jun 2020
Cited by 190 | Viewed by 17302
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) also known as hyaluronan, is a natural polysaccharide—an anionic, non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan—commonly found in our bodies. It occurs in the highest concentrations in the eyes and joints. Today HA is used during certain eye surgeries and in the treatment of dry [...] Read more.
Hyaluronic acid (HA) also known as hyaluronan, is a natural polysaccharide—an anionic, non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan—commonly found in our bodies. It occurs in the highest concentrations in the eyes and joints. Today HA is used during certain eye surgeries and in the treatment of dry eye disease. It is a remarkable natural lubricant that can be injected into the knee for patients with knee osteoarthritis. HA has also excellent gelling properties due to its capability to bind water very quickly. As such, it is one the most attractive controlled drug release matrices and as such, it is frequently used in various biomedical applications. Due to its reactivity, HA can be cross-linked or conjugated with assorted bio-macromolecules and it can effectively encapsulate several different types of drugs, even at nanoscale. Moreover, the physiological significance of the interactions between HA and its main membrane receptor, CD44 (a cell-surface glycoprotein that modulates cell–cell interactions, cell adhesion and migration), in pathological processes, e.g., cancer, is well recognized and this has resulted in an extensive amount of studies on cancer drug delivery and tumor targeting. HA acts as a therapeutic but also as a tunable matrix for drug release. Thus, this review focuses on controlled or sustained drug release systems assembled from HA and its derivatives. More specifically, recent advances in controlled release of proteins, antiseptics, antibiotics and cancer targeting drugs from HA and its derivatives were reviewed. It was shown that controlled release from HA has many benefits such as optimum drug concentration maintenance, enhanced therapeutic effects, improved efficiency of treatment with less drug, very low or insignificant toxicity and prolonged in vivo release rates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Hyaluronan in Biomedicine)
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