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Molecules
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Polyphenols Availability and Their Activity
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Polyphenols Availability and Their Activity

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Natural Products Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 7669

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Drago Beslo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
Interests: polyphenols; antioxidant activity; HPLC; determination phenols content; free radical scavenging; enzyme inhibition; mechanism; molecular docking
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Polyphenol compounds are among the most extensive substrates produced by plants, as around 8000 of these compounds have been identified. They are considered a part of the immune system of the plant to protect against pests and UV radiation. They can regulate cell receptors and enzyme activities as well as exert a non-specific effect on living organisms. Furthermore, polyphenols have immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-mutagenic, antiallergic, and detoxification activities. Polyphenols are a diverse, bioactive, and widespread category of plant secondary metabolites that form an essential part of both human and animal nutrition and are of great interest due to biological properties. The advantage of polyphenols includes their affordability, specificity of response, and low toxicity, while the main problems with these compounds are rapid metabolism and low bioavailability. Fodd contains complex mixtures of polyphenols, and a number of factors can affect polyphenol concentrations in plant and food products, including environmental (e.g., sun exposure, rain, different cultivation, etc.) and biochemical (e. g., degree of maturity, storage and method of culinary preparation) factors. Polyphenols, especially their glycosides, are the most important plant secondary metabolite in the human diet that have broad health benefits for humans. From the above, this special edition aims to present the latest knowledge on the detection of polyphenols as well as their biological activity. Moreover, attention will be paid to their antioxidant effect and inhibition of individual enzymes.

Dr. Drago Beslo
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • polyphenols
  • methods
  • free radical scavenging
  • antioxidant activity
  • NMR-MS
  • in situ
  • docking
  • molecular modeling

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2630 KiB  
Article
Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Izalpinin Derived from Chromolaena leivensis: λ-Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema and In Silico Model
by Juan C. Mancipe, Pedro Vargas-Pinto, Oscar E. Rodríguez, Paola Borrego-Muñoz, Iovana Castellanos Londoño, David Ramírez, Luis G. Piñeros, María Camila Mejía and Luis M. Pombo
Molecules 2023, 28(9), 3722; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093722 - 26 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1463
Abstract
The flavonoid izalpinin was isolated from the aerial parts of Chromolaena leivensis. Its structural determination was carried out using MS and NMR spectroscopic techniques (1H, 13C). This compound was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory effect in a rat model on [...] Read more.
The flavonoid izalpinin was isolated from the aerial parts of Chromolaena leivensis. Its structural determination was carried out using MS and NMR spectroscopic techniques (1H, 13C). This compound was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory effect in a rat model on λ-carrageenan-induced plantar edema. Paw inflammation was measured at one-hour intervals for seven hours following the administration of λ-carrageenan. Serum creatine kinase (CK) levels were evaluated, obtaining statistically significant results with the treatments at doses of 10 mg/kg (* p < 0.01) and 20 mg/kg (** p < 0.005). The anti-inflammatory effect of the compound was evaluated by using plethysmography, and the results showed significant differences at the three concentrations (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg) in the first and third hours after treatment. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001 vs. the negative control group treated with vehicle (DMSO). Lastly, molecular docking analyses reveal that izalpinin has a strong binding affinity with five target proteins involved in the inflammatory process. The analysis using molecular dynamics allowed demonstrating that the ligand–protein complexes present acceptable stability, with RMSD values within the allowed range. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenols Availability and Their Activity)
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15 pages, 2837 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Study of the Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant, Immunostimulant, and Hemolytic Activities of Nigella sativa (Ranunculaceae) and Lepidium sativum Seeds
by Hafssa Ouattar, Otmane Zouirech, Mohammed Kara, Amine Assouguem, Saeedah Musaed Almutairi, Fahad M. Al-Hemaid, Rabab Ahmed Rasheed, Riaz Ullah, Arshad Mehmood Abbasi, Mahjoub Aouane and Karima Mikou
Molecules 2022, 27(18), 5946; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27185946 - 13 Sep 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1920
Abstract
The Moroccan flora abounds and is an important reserve of medicinal plants. Nigella sativa and Lepidium sativum are plants that are widely used in traditional medicine for their multiple therapeutic properties. The current study aims to highlight the biological activities that can justify [...] Read more.
The Moroccan flora abounds and is an important reserve of medicinal plants. Nigella sativa and Lepidium sativum are plants that are widely used in traditional medicine for their multiple therapeutic properties. The current study aims to highlight the biological activities that can justify and valorize the use of these plants. Flavonoids, total phenols, condensed tannins, and sugars were determined. The biological activities tested were antioxidant by determining the IC50 (defined as the concentration of an antioxidant required to decrease the initial concentration by 50%; inversely related to the antioxidant capacity), hemagglutination, and hemolytic activities. Phytochemical quantification of the seed extracts indicated that the total phenol content was largely similar for both plants and in the order of 10 mg GAE (Gallic acid equivalent)/g. On the other hand, L. sativum seeds registered a higher content of flavonoids (3.09 ± 0.04 mg QE (quercetin equivalent)/g) as compared to Nigella saliva (0.258 ± 0.058). Concerning condensed tannins, N. saliva seeds present a higher amount with a value of 7.2 ± 0.025 mg/g as compared to L. sativum (1.4 ± 0.22 mg/g). Concerning the total sugar content, L. sativum shows a higher content (67.86 ± 0.87 mg/g) as compared to N. sativa (58.17 ± 0.42 mg/g); it is also richer in mucilage with a content of 240 mg as compared to 8.2 mg for N. saliva. Examination of the antioxidant activity using a DPPH (2.2-diphenyl 1-pycrilhydrazyl) test revealed that the EButOH (n-butanol extract) and EAE (ethyl acetate extract) extracts were the most active, with IC50 values of 48.7 and 50.65 μg/mL for the N. sativa extracts and 15.7 and 52.64 μg/mL for the L. sativum extracts, respectively. The results of the hemagglutination activity of the different extracts of the two plants prepared in the PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) medium showed significant agglutination for the L. sativum extract (1/50) compared to the N. sativa extract (1/20). An evaluation of the hemolytic effect of the crude extract of the studied seeds on erythrocytes isolated from rat blood incubated in PBS buffer compared to the total hemolysis induced by distilled water showed a hemolysis rate of 54% for Nigella sativa and 34% for L. sativum. In conclusion, the two plants studied in the current work exhibited high antioxidant potential, which could explain their beneficial properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenols Availability and Their Activity)
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Review

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41 pages, 2863 KiB  
Review
A Comprehensive Review with Updated Future Perspectives on the Ethnomedicinal and Pharmacological Aspects of Moringa oleifera
by Ummi Kalthum Azlan, Ahmed Mediani, Emelda Rosseleena Rohani, Xiaohui Tong, Rongchun Han, Norazlan Mohmad Misnan, Faidruz Azura Jam, Hamidun Bunawan, Murni Nazira Sarian and Hamizah Shahirah Hamezah
Molecules 2022, 27(18), 5765; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27185765 - 6 Sep 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3751
Abstract
Moringa oleifera is an ancient remedy plant, known as the miraculous plant due to its many prominent uses and significant health benefits. It is a nutrient-rich plant, with exceptional bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols that possess several medicinal properties. Many significant studies have [...] Read more.
Moringa oleifera is an ancient remedy plant, known as the miraculous plant due to its many prominent uses and significant health benefits. It is a nutrient-rich plant, with exceptional bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols that possess several medicinal properties. Many significant studies have been carried out to evaluate the ethnomedicinal and pharmacological properties of M. oleifera in various applications. Therefore, this comprehensive review compiles and summarizes important findings from recent studies on the potential properties of different parts of M. oleifera. The pharmacological properties of M. oleifera have been studied for various potential biological properties, such as cardio-protective, anti-oxidative, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-diabetic and anti-carcinogenic effects. Therefore, the potential of this plant is even more anticipated. This review also highlights the safety and toxicity effects of M. oleifera treatment at various doses, including in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials from human studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenols Availability and Their Activity)
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