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Nanomaterials
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Nanostructured Materials and Their Composites for Biosensing Applications (2nd Edition)
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Nanostructured Materials and Their Composites for Biosensing Applications (2nd Edition)

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Biology and Medicines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2025) | Viewed by 8104

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Furong Tian

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Food Science Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Interests: disease diagnostics and treatment; smart multifunctional molecular imaging nanoprobes; ultrasensitive detection technologies and devices; tumor biomarkers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nanostructured materials and their composites, used for biosensing, have been used in industrial applications for decades. Sensing via biological moieties has outmoded conventional diagnosis vis à vis processing time, skilled manpower and detection accuracy. Nanomaterials have impelled biological sensing accuracy and robustness comprising lateral flow assays and tunable electrochemical and physico-mechanical responses due to their versatile shape- and size-dependent physical and chemical attributes. To date, the most widely used nanomaterials for biosensing include Au nanoparticles, graphene-based assemblies, carbon nanotubes and magnetic nanoparticles. Steadfast preparation mechanisms and stout surface engineering are mainly responsible for the biosensing suitability of these entities.

Nanomaterials as sensors have been employed in salmonella bacterial detection, chronic lateral ankle instability monitoring, enhanced gene delivery and uric acid and hypoxanthine analysis.

The second volume will keep focusing on research papers, communications and review articles showcasing the novel manufacturing process of nanostructured materials and their composites for biosensing applications.

Dr. Furong Tian
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • rapid diagnostic test
  • lateral flow assay
  • novel metal nanoparticles
  • graphene
  • magnetic nanoparticles
  • polymer
  • surface functionalization
  • colorimetric biosensors
  • electrochemical biosensors
  • biosensor arrays

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 2896 KiB  
Article
Individual ZnO–Ag Hybrid Nanorods for Synergistic Fluorescence Enhancement Towards Highly Sensitive and Miniaturized Biodetection
by Marion Ryan C. Sytu and Jong-in Hahm
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(8), 617; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15080617 - 17 Apr 2025
Viewed by 178
Abstract
Hybrid nanostructures can be engineered to exhibit superior functionality beyond the level attainable from each of the constituent nanomaterials by synergistically integrating their unique properties. In this work, we designed individual hybrid nanorods (NRs) of ZnO–Ag in different heterojunction configurations where each hybrid [...] Read more.
Hybrid nanostructures can be engineered to exhibit superior functionality beyond the level attainable from each of the constituent nanomaterials by synergistically integrating their unique properties. In this work, we designed individual hybrid nanorods (NRs) of ZnO–Ag in different heterojunction configurations where each hybrid NR consists of a single ZnO NR forming a junction with a single Ag NR. We subsequently employed the ZnO–Ag hybrid NRs in the fluorescence detection of the model chemical and biological analytes, rhodamine 6G (R6G), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), that undergo simple as well as more complex immunoreaction steps on the hybrid NRs. We determine how parameters such as the analyte concentration, ZnO–Ag heterojunction configuration, and NR length can influence the fluorescence signals, enhancement factors (EFs), as well as changes in EFs (%EFs) at different positions on the hybrid NRs. We provide much needed insights into the fluorescence enhancement capability of single hybrid NR systems using a signal source located external to the NRs. Moreover, we identify key consideration factors that are critical to the design and optimization of a hybrid NR platform for achieving high signal enhancements. We show that higher EFs are consistently observed from the junction relative to other positions in a given hybrid NR, from the end–end relative to other heterojunction configurations, and from longer than shorter ZnO NRs. Our research efforts demonstrate that the synergistic interplay of the two component NRs of ZnO and Ag escalates the fluorescence detection capability of the ZnO–Ag hybrid NR. A superior enhancement level surpassing those attainable by each component NR alone can be obtained from the hybrid NR. Hence, our work further substantiates the potential utility of individual semiconductor-metal hybrid NRs for highly miniaturized and ultra-trace level detection, especially by leveraging the critical consideration factors to achieve a higher detection capability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructured Materials and Their Composites for Biosensing Applications (2nd Edition))
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Review

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35 pages, 7139 KiB  
Review
Development and Biomedical Application of Non-Noble Metal Nanomaterials in SERS
by Liping Chen, Hao Liu, Jiacheng Gao, Jiaxuan Wang, Zhihan Jin, Ming Lv and Shancheng Yan
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(20), 1654; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14201654 - 15 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1904
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is vital in many fields because of its high sensitivity, fast response, and fingerprint effect. The surface-enhanced Raman mechanisms are generally electromagnetic enhancement (EM), which is mainly based on noble metals (Au, Ag, etc.), and chemical enhancement (CM). With [...] Read more.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is vital in many fields because of its high sensitivity, fast response, and fingerprint effect. The surface-enhanced Raman mechanisms are generally electromagnetic enhancement (EM), which is mainly based on noble metals (Au, Ag, etc.), and chemical enhancement (CM). With more and more studies on CM mechanism in recent years, non-noble metal nanomaterial SERS substrates gradually became widely researched and applied due to their superior economy, stability, selectivity, and biocompatibility compared to noble metal. In addition, non-noble metal substrates also provide an ideal new platform for SERS technology to probe the mechanism of biomolecules. In this paper, we review the applications of non-noble metal nanomaterials in SERS detection for biomedical engineering in recent years. Firstly, we introduce the development of some more common non-noble metal SERS substrates and discuss their properties and enhancement mechanisms. Subsequently, we focus on the progress of the application of SERS detection of non-noble metal nanomaterials, such as analysis of biomarkers and the detection of some contaminants. Finally, we look forward to the future research process of non-noble metal substrate nanomaterials for biomedicine, which may draw more attention to the biosensor applications of non-noble metal nanomaterial-based SERS substrates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructured Materials and Their Composites for Biosensing Applications (2nd Edition))
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24 pages, 1353 KiB  
Review
Quantum Dot-Based Nanosensors for In Vitro Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
by Viktor V. Nikolaev, Tatiana B. Lepekhina, Alexander S. Alliluev, Elham Bidram, Pavel M. Sokolov, Igor R. Nabiev and Yury V. Kistenev
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(19), 1553; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14191553 - 26 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2380
Abstract
Despite the existing effective treatment methods, tuberculosis (TB) is the second most deadly infectious disease, its carriers in the latent and active phases accounting for more than 20% of the world population. An effective method for controlling TB and reducing TB mortality is [...] Read more.
Despite the existing effective treatment methods, tuberculosis (TB) is the second most deadly infectious disease, its carriers in the latent and active phases accounting for more than 20% of the world population. An effective method for controlling TB and reducing TB mortality is regular population screening aimed at diagnosing the latent form of TB and taking preventive and curative measures. Numerous methods allow diagnosing TB by directly detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) biomarkers, including M.tb DNA, proteins, and specific metabolites or antibodies produced by the host immune system in response to M.tb. PCR, ELISA, immunofluorescence and immunochemical analyses, flow cytometry, and other methods allow the detection of M.tb biomarkers or the host immune response to M.tb by recording the optical signal from fluorescent or colorimetric dyes that are components of the diagnostic systems. Current research in biosensors is aimed at increasing the sensitivity of detection, a promising approach being the use of fluorescent quantum dots as brighter and more photostable optical tags. Here, we review current methods for the detection of M.tb biomarkers using quantum dot-based nanosensors and summarize data on the M.tb biomarkers whose detection can be made considerably more sensitive by using these sensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructured Materials and Their Composites for Biosensing Applications (2nd Edition))
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24 pages, 2812 KiB  
Review
Review of Detection Limits for Various Techniques for Bacterial Detection in Food Samples
by Xinyi Zhao, Abhijnan Bhat, Christine O’Connor, James Curtin, Baljit Singh and Furong Tian
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 855; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100855 - 14 May 2024
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2889
Abstract
Foodborne illnesses can be infectious and dangerous, and most of them are caused by bacteria. Some common food-related bacteria species exist widely in nature and pose a serious threat to both humans and animals; they can cause poisoning, diseases, disabilities and even death. [...] Read more.
Foodborne illnesses can be infectious and dangerous, and most of them are caused by bacteria. Some common food-related bacteria species exist widely in nature and pose a serious threat to both humans and animals; they can cause poisoning, diseases, disabilities and even death. Rapid, reliable and cost-effective methods for bacterial detection are of paramount importance in food safety and environmental monitoring. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) and electrochemical methods have been widely used in food safety and environmental monitoring. In this paper, the recent developments (2013–2023) covering PCR, LFIA and electrochemical methods for various bacterial species (Salmonella, Listeria, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli)), considering different food sample types, analytical performances and the reported limit of detection (LOD), are discussed. It was found that the bacteria species and food sample type contributed significantly to the analytical performance and LOD. Detection via LFIA has a higher average LOD (24 CFU/mL) than detection via electrochemical methods (12 CFU/mL) and PCR (6 CFU/mL). Salmonella and E. coli in the Pseudomonadota domain usually have low LODs. LODs are usually lower for detection in fish and eggs. Gold and iron nanoparticles were the most studied in the reported articles for LFIA, and average LODs were 26 CFU/mL and 12 CFU/mL, respectively. The electrochemical method revealed that the average LOD was highest for cyclic voltammetry (CV) at 18 CFU/mL, followed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at 12 CFU/mL and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at 8 CFU/mL. LOD usually decreases when the sample number increases until it remains unchanged. Exponential relations (R2 > 0.95) between LODs of Listeria in milk via LFIA and via the electrochemical method with sample numbers have been obtained. Finally, the review discusses challenges and future perspectives (including the role of nanomaterials/advanced materials) to improve analytical performance for bacterial detection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructured Materials and Their Composites for Biosensing Applications (2nd Edition))
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