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Review of Nanocomposite Materials
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Review of Nanocomposite Materials

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanocomposite Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 19265

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Chih-Chia Huang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Photonics, Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
Interests: nanomaterials; nanomedicine; nanophotonics; phototherapy; photocatalysis; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; green chemistry; gas sensor; bio-imaging; immunomodulation; microbial control
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nanocomposites are composed of several nanomaterials with at least two or more phases at nano-sized dimensions, which can also be embedded within a bulk material. These nanomaterials show various properties and functions depending on the compositions, structures and the design strategies for the nanocomposites, and have been applied in various fields. The nanocomposite can integrate different functional nanomaterials into one multifunction material, which can serve as multimodalities. The simple and facile synthesis method is being continuously explored to overcome certain drawbacks such as its high complexity and the difficulty of controlling it effectively. The high flexibility of the composition strategy has allowed various kinds of nanocomposites to be developed and applied in almost all fields in the past few decades.  

There is now a need to summarize these nanocomposite materials from those applications to enable a comprehensive understanding of the requirements and strategies for specific filed implementation.  In this Special Issue, we are seeking reviews and research articles on nanocomposite and hybrid nanomaterials for cutting-edge technologies for the drug delivery, targeting therapy, phototherapy, sensing, imaging, regeneration, catalysis, analysis, engineering, energy, environmental treatment, microbial control, and other integrated fields.   

Prof. Dr. Chih-Chia Huang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • nanocomposite
  • drug delivery
  • phototherapy
  • sensing
  • imaging
  • regeneration
  • catalysis
  • analysis
  • engineering
  • energy
  • environmental treatment
  • microbial control

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 3951 KiB  
Article
A Novel Electrochemical Sensor Based on an Environmentally Friendly Synthesis of Magnetic Chitosan Nanocomposite Carbon Paste Electrode for the Determination of Diclofenac to Control Inflammation
by Mohamed Abd-Elsabour, Mortaga M. Abou-Krisha, Sayed H. Kenawy and Tarek A. Yousef
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(6), 1079; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13061079 - 16 Mar 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1335
Abstract
A simple and eco-friendly electrochemical sensor for the anti-inflammatory diclofenac (DIC) was developed in a chitosan nanocomposite carbon paste electrode (M-Chs NC/CPE). The M-Chs NC/CPE was characterized with FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TEM for the size, surface area, and morphology. The produced electrode [...] Read more.
A simple and eco-friendly electrochemical sensor for the anti-inflammatory diclofenac (DIC) was developed in a chitosan nanocomposite carbon paste electrode (M-Chs NC/CPE). The M-Chs NC/CPE was characterized with FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TEM for the size, surface area, and morphology. The produced electrode showed a high electrocatalytic activity to use the DIC in 0.1 M of the BR buffer (pH 3.0). The effect of scanning speed and pH on the DIC oxidation peak suggests that the DIC electrode process has a typical diffusion characteristic with two electrons and two protons. Furthermore, the peak current linearly proportional to the DIC concentration ranged from 0.025 M to 4.0 M with the correlation coefficient (r2). The sensitivity, limit of detection (LOD; 3σ), and the limit of quantification (LOQ; 10σ) were 0.993, 9.6 µA/µM cm2, 0.007 µM, and 0.024 µM, respectively. In the end, the proposed sensor enables the reliable and sensitive detection of DIC in biological and pharmaceutical samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review of Nanocomposite Materials)
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12 pages, 4867 KiB  
Article
Haptoglobin-Conjugated Gold Nanoclusters as a Nanoantibiotic to Combat Bacteremia
by Hsiu-Yi Chu, Lung-Ching Chen, Tsung-Rong Kuo, Chun-Che Shih, Sibidou Yougbaré, Yu-Han Chen and Tsai-Mu Cheng
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(20), 3596; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12203596 - 13 Oct 2022
Viewed by 1470
Abstract
Gold nanoclusters have revealed great potential as nanoantibiotics due to their superior chemical and physical characteristics. In this study, a peptide with 83 amino acids derived from haptoglobin was utilized as a surface ligand to synthesize gold nanoclusters via a facile hydrothermal approach. [...] Read more.
Gold nanoclusters have revealed great potential as nanoantibiotics due to their superior chemical and physical characteristics. In this study, a peptide with 83 amino acids derived from haptoglobin was utilized as a surface ligand to synthesize gold nanoclusters via a facile hydrothermal approach. Characterization of the structural and optical properties demonstrated the successful synthesis of derived haptoglobin-conjugated gold nanoclusters. The spherical derived haptoglobin-conjugated gold nanoclusters exhibited a (111) plane of cubic gold and an ultra-small size of 3.6 ± 0.1 nm. The optical properties such as ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra, fluorescence spectra, and Fourier transform infrared spectra also validated the successful conjugation between the derived haptoglobin peptide and the gold nanoclusters surface. The antibacterial activity, reactive oxygen species production, and antibacterial mechanisms of derived haptoglobin-conjugated gold nanoclusters were confirmed by culturing the bacterium Escherichia coli with hemoglobin to simulate bacteremia. The surface ligand of the derived haptoglobin peptide of derived haptoglobin-conjugated gold nanoclusters was able to conjugate with hemoglobin to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli. The derived haptoglobin-conjugated gold nanoclusters with an ultra-small size also induced reactive oxygen species production, which resulted in the death of Escherichia coli. The superior antibacterial activity of derived haptoglobin-conjugated gold nanoclusters can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the surface ligand of the derived haptoglobin peptide and the ultra-small size. Our work demonstrated derived haptoglobin-conjugated gold nanoclusters as a promising nanoantibiotic for combating bacteremia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review of Nanocomposite Materials)
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9 pages, 2847 KiB  
Article
Calcium Phosphate Nanoclusters for the Repair of Tooth Enamel Erosion
by Chia-Hsien Wang, Chinmaya Mutalik, Sibidou Yougbaré, Nai-Chia Teng and Tsung-Rong Kuo
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(12), 1997; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12121997 - 10 Jun 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2160
Abstract
The artificial repair of tooth enamel is still an urgent requirement because it has a complicated and well-arranged structure. Herein, calcium phosphate nanoclusters (CaP NCs) were synthesized, via a facile approach, for application in the repair of tooth enamel erosion. Structural and optical [...] Read more.
The artificial repair of tooth enamel is still an urgent requirement because it has a complicated and well-arranged structure. Herein, calcium phosphate nanoclusters (CaP NCs) were synthesized, via a facile approach, for application in the repair of tooth enamel erosion. Structural and optical characterizations validated the successful preparation of spherical CaP NCs, with an average size of 2.1 ± 0.11 nm. By evaporating the ethanol and triethylamine (TEA) solvents, pure CaP was produced, which was further used to repair the tooth enamel. Simulated caries lesions were achieved via phosphoric acid etching to cause damage to enamel rods. After repair, the damaged enamel rods were directly covered with CaP. According to microhardness testing, after repair with CaP NCs, the hardness value of the tooth enamel with acid etching increased to a similar level to that of normal tooth enamel. The results of the microhardness test indicated that CaP NCs revealed great potential for repairing tooth enamel erosion. Our work demonstrates a promising potential for treating the early stage of tooth erosion with CaP NCs. Based on these findings, we believe that stable CaP NCs can be employed as a precursor for the tunable, effective repair of tooth enamel in the near future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review of Nanocomposite Materials)
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Review

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54 pages, 4780 KiB  
Review
Smart and Multi-Functional Magnetic Nanoparticles for Cancer Treatment Applications: Clinical Challenges and Future Prospects
by Elham Aram, Masome Moeni, Roya Abedizadeh, Davood Sabour, Hamid Sadeghi-Abandansari, Jabbar Gardy and Ali Hassanpour
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(20), 3567; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12203567 - 12 Oct 2022
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3123
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticle (IONPs) have become a subject of interest in various biomedical fields due to their magnetism and biocompatibility. They can be utilized as heat mediators in magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) or as contrast media in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US). [...] Read more.
Iron oxide nanoparticle (IONPs) have become a subject of interest in various biomedical fields due to their magnetism and biocompatibility. They can be utilized as heat mediators in magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) or as contrast media in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US). In addition, their high drug-loading capacity enabled them to be therapeutic agent transporters for malignancy treatment. Hence, smartening them allows for an intelligent controlled drug release (CDR) and targeted drug delivery (TDD). Smart magnetic nanoparticles (SMNPs) can overcome the impediments faced by classical chemo-treatment strategies, since they can be navigated and release drug via external or internal stimuli. Recently, they have been synchronized with other modalities, e.g., MRI, MHT, US, and for dual/multimodal theranostic applications in a single platform. Herein, we provide an overview of the attributes of MNPs for cancer theranostic application, fabrication procedures, surface coatings, targeting approaches, and recent advancement of SMNPs. Even though MNPs feature numerous privileges over chemotherapy agents, obstacles remain in clinical usage. This review in particular covers the clinical predicaments faced by SMNPs and future research scopes in the field of SMNPs for cancer theranostics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review of Nanocomposite Materials)
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20 pages, 2743 KiB  
Review
Lipid-Based Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery Systems in Breast Cancer Therapy
by Lekshmi Rethi, Chinmaya Mutalik, Dito Anurogo, Long-Sheng Lu, Hsiu-Yi Chu, Sibidou Yougbaré, Tsung-Rong Kuo, Tsai-Mu Cheng and Fu-Lun Chen
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(17), 2948; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12172948 - 26 Aug 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3345
Abstract
Globally, breast cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases, inducing critical intimidation to human health. Lipid-based nanomaterials have been successfully demonstrated as drug carriers for breast cancer treatment. To date, the development of a better drug delivery system based on lipid nanomaterials [...] Read more.
Globally, breast cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases, inducing critical intimidation to human health. Lipid-based nanomaterials have been successfully demonstrated as drug carriers for breast cancer treatment. To date, the development of a better drug delivery system based on lipid nanomaterials is still urgent to make the treatment and diagnosis easily accessible to breast cancer patients. In a drug delivery system, lipid nanomaterials have revealed distinctive features, including high biocompatibility and efficient drug delivery. Specifically, a targeted drug delivery system based on lipid nanomaterials has inherited the advantage of optimum dosage and low side effects. In this review, insights on currently used potential lipid-based nanomaterials are collected and introduced. The review sheds light on conjugation, targeting, diagnosis, treatment, and clinical significance of lipid-based nanomaterials to treat breast cancer. Furthermore, a brighter side of lipid-based nanomaterials as future potential drug delivery systems for breast cancer therapy is discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review of Nanocomposite Materials)
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20 pages, 6753 KiB  
Review
Insights on Spark Plasma Sintering of Magnesium Composites: A Review
by M. Somasundaram, Narendra Kumar Uttamchand, A. Raja Annamalai and Chun-Ping Jen
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(13), 2178; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12132178 - 24 Jun 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3130
Abstract
This review paper gives an insight into the microstructural, mechanical, biological, and corrosion resistance of spark plasma sintered magnesium (Mg) composites. Mg has a mechanical property similar to natural human bones as well as biodegradable and biocompatible properties. Furthermore, Mg is considered a [...] Read more.
This review paper gives an insight into the microstructural, mechanical, biological, and corrosion resistance of spark plasma sintered magnesium (Mg) composites. Mg has a mechanical property similar to natural human bones as well as biodegradable and biocompatible properties. Furthermore, Mg is considered a potential material for structural and biomedical applications. However, its high affinity toward oxygen leads to oxidation of the material. Various researchers optimize the material composition, processing techniques, and surface modifications to overcome this issue. In this review, effort has been made to explore the role of process techniques, especially applying a typical powder metallurgy process and the sintering technique called spark plasma sintering (SPS) in the processing of Mg composites. The effect of reinforcement material on Mg composites is illustrated well. The reinforcement’s homogeneity, size, and shape affect the mechanical properties of Mg composites. The evidence shows that Mg composites exhibit better corrosion resistance, as the reinforcement act as a cathode in a Mg matrix. However, in most cases, a localized corrosion phenomenon is observed. The Mg composite’s high corrosion rate has adversely affected cell viability and promotes cytotoxicity. The reinforcement of bioactive material to the Mg matrix is a potential method to enhance the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of the materials. However, the impact of SPS process parameters on the final quality of the Mg composite needs to be explored. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review of Nanocomposite Materials)
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25 pages, 6596 KiB  
Review
Principle and Applications of Multimode Strong Coupling Based on Surface Plasmons
by Zhicong He, Cheng Xu, Wenhao He, Jinhu He, Yunpeng Zhou and Fang Li
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(8), 1242; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12081242 - 7 Apr 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3617
Abstract
In the past decade, strong coupling between light and matter has transitioned from a theoretical idea to an experimental reality. This represents a new field of quantum light–matter interaction, which makes the coupling strength comparable to the transition frequencies in the system. In [...] Read more.
In the past decade, strong coupling between light and matter has transitioned from a theoretical idea to an experimental reality. This represents a new field of quantum light–matter interaction, which makes the coupling strength comparable to the transition frequencies in the system. In addition, the achievement of multimode strong coupling has led to such applications as quantum information processing, lasers, and quantum sensors. This paper introduces the theoretical principle of multimode strong coupling based on surface plasmons and reviews the research related to the multimode interactions between light and matter. Perspectives on the future development of plasmonic multimode coupling are also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review of Nanocomposite Materials)
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