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Nanomaterials
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Bioactive Materials for Tooth Engineering
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Bioactive Materials for Tooth Engineering

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Biology and Medicines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2021) | Viewed by 19644

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sabine Kuchler-Bopp

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Regenerative Nanomedicine, Strasbourg, France
Interests: bioengineered tooth; bone matrix proteins; development; drug delivery systems, electrospun polycaprolactone; epithelial-mesenchymal interaction; growth factors; innervation; mesenchymal stromal cells; nanoparticles; nanotechnology; odontogenesis; osteochondral regeneration; regenerative medicine; scaffolds; spheroids; stem cells; three-dimensional cell culture

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that integrates engineering, materials science, and medical biology and aims to develop biological substitutes to repair, replace, retain, or enhance the level of tissues and organs. Bioactive materials, or biomaterials, have the ability to interact biologically with the tissue to which they are inserted. They act as a scaffolding frame to deliver cells or molecules (drugs, growth factors, etc.) to the appropriate site, define a space for tissue development, and direct the shape and size of the engineered tissue. Bioactive materials have found clinical use in a variety of orthopedic and dental applications, such as bioactive glasses, calcium-phosphate-based ceramics, glass–ceramics composites, and inorganic/organic hybrids. These biomaterials can be used as hard tissue substitutes. In addition, injectable biomaterials (bone substitute, injectable calcium phosphate cements, etc.) form scaffolds in situ and are capable of taking the shape of a tissue defect, thus avoiding the need to prefabricate a patient-specific scaffold. Bioactive molecules also provide new prospects for some dental therapies, such as Pulp-Capping and Root Canal Therapy (RCT).

This Special Issue will focus on the most recent advances in the design of different nanobiomaterials, functionalization strategies, processing methods, biological performance assessment and safety, and the applications of biomaterials in tooth engineering. Submissions may cover one or more of these topics but are not limited to them.

Dr. Sabine Kuchler-Bopp
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bone substitutes
  • hard tissues
  • nanobiomaterials
  • nanoparticles
  • regenerative nanomedicine
  • pulp
  • scaffold materials
  • stem cells
  • tooth regeneration

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 1433 KiB  
Article
Eruption of Bioengineered Teeth: A New Approach Based on a Polycaprolactone Biomembrane
by Céline Stutz, François Clauss, Olivier Huck, Georg Schulz, Nadia Benkirane-Jessel, Fabien Bornert, Sabine Kuchler-Bopp and Marion Strub
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(5), 1315; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11051315 - 17 May 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2081
Abstract
Obtaining a functional tooth is the ultimate goal of tooth engineering. However, the implantation of bioengineered teeth in the jawbone of adult animals never allows for spontaneous eruption due mainly to ankylosis within the bone crypt. The objective of this study was to [...] Read more.
Obtaining a functional tooth is the ultimate goal of tooth engineering. However, the implantation of bioengineered teeth in the jawbone of adult animals never allows for spontaneous eruption due mainly to ankylosis within the bone crypt. The objective of this study was to develop an innovative approach allowing eruption of implanted bioengineered teeth through the isolation of the germ from the bone crypt using a polycaprolactone membrane (PCL). The germs of the first lower molars were harvested on the 14th day of embryonic development, cultured in vitro, and then implanted in the recipient site drilled in the maxillary bone of adult mice. To prevent the ankylosis of the dental germ, a PCL membrane synthesized by electrospinning was placed between the germ and the bone. After 10 weeks of follow-up, microtomography, and histology of the implantation site were performed. In control mice where germs were directly placed in contact with the bone, a spontaneous eruption of bioengineered teeth was only observed in 3.3% of the cases versus 19.2% in the test group where PCL biomembrane was used as a barrier (p < 0.1). This preliminary study is the first to describe an innovative method allowing the eruption of bioengineered tooth implanted directly in the jawbone of mice. This new approach is a hope for the field of tooth regeneration, especially in children with oligodontia in whom titanium implants are not an optimal solution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Materials for Tooth Engineering)
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21 pages, 5173 KiB  
Article
Novel Crown Cement Containing Antibacterial Monomer and Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles
by Rashed AlSahafi, Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad, Heba Mitwalli, Maria Salem Ibrahim, Mary Anne S. Melo, Thomas W. Oates, Hockin H.K. Xu and Michael D. Weir
Nanomaterials 2020, 10(10), 2001; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10102001 - 11 Oct 2020
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3457
Abstract
Oral biofilm accumulation at the tooth–restoration interface often leads to recurrent dental caries and restoration failure. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a novel bioactive crown cement containing dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and nano-sized amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP), and (2) investigate [...] Read more.
Oral biofilm accumulation at the tooth–restoration interface often leads to recurrent dental caries and restoration failure. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a novel bioactive crown cement containing dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and nano-sized amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP), and (2) investigate the mechanical properties, anti-biofilm activity, and calcium (Ca2+) and phosphate (PO43−) ion release of the crown cement for the first time. The cement matrix consisted of pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate and ethoxylated bisphenol-A dimethacrylate monomers and was denoted PEHB resin matrix. The following cements were tested: (1) RelyX luting cement (commercial control); (2) 55% PEHB + 45% glass fillers (experimental control); (3) 55% PEHB + 20% glass + 25% NACP + 0% DMAHDM; (4) 52% PEHB + 20% glass + 25% NACP + 3% DMAHDM; (5) 51% PEHB + 20% glass + 25% NACP + 4% DMAHDM; (6) 50% PEHB + 20% glass + 25% NACP + 5% DMAHDM. Mechanical properties and ion release were measured. Streptococcusmutans (S. mutans) biofilms were grown on cements, and colony-forming units (CFUs) and other biofilm properties were measured. The novel bioactive cement demonstrated strong antibacterial properties and high levels of Ca2+ and PO43− ion release to remineralize tooth lesions. Adding NACP and DMAHDM into the cement did not adversely affect the mechanical properties and dentin bonding strength. In conclusion, the novel NACP + DMAHDM crown cement has excellent potential for restoration cementation to inhibit caries by suppressing oral biofilm growth and increasing remineralization via Ca2+ and PO43− ions. The NACP + DMAHDM composition may have wide applicability to other biomaterials to promote hard-tissue formation and combat bacterial infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Materials for Tooth Engineering)
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13 pages, 3172 KiB  
Article
A New Polycaprolactone-Based Biomembrane Functionalized with BMP-2 and Stem Cells Improves Maxillary Bone Regeneration
by Céline Stutz, Marion Strub, François Clauss, Olivier Huck, Georg Schulz, Hervé Gegout, Nadia Benkirane-Jessel, Fabien Bornert and Sabine Kuchler-Bopp
Nanomaterials 2020, 10(9), 1774; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10091774 - 8 Sep 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3275
Abstract
Oral diseases have an impact on the general condition and quality of life of patients. After a dento-alveolar trauma, a tooth extraction, or, in the case of some genetic skeletal diseases, a maxillary bone defect, can be observed, leading to the impossibility of [...] Read more.
Oral diseases have an impact on the general condition and quality of life of patients. After a dento-alveolar trauma, a tooth extraction, or, in the case of some genetic skeletal diseases, a maxillary bone defect, can be observed, leading to the impossibility of placing a dental implant for the restoration of masticatory function. Recently, bone neoformation was demonstrated after in vivo implantation of polycaprolactone (PCL) biomembranes functionalized with bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2) and ibuprofen in a mouse maxillary bone lesion. In the present study, human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) were added on BMP-2 functionalized PCL biomembranes and implanted in a maxillary bone lesion. Viability of hBM-MSCs on the biomembranes has been observed using the “LIVE/DEAD” viability test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Maxillary bone regeneration was observed for periods ranging from 90 to 150 days after implantation. Various imaging methods (histology, micro-CT) have demonstrated bone remodeling and filling of the lesion by neoformed bone tissue. The presence of mesenchymal stem cells and BMP-2 allows the acceleration of the bone remodeling process. These results are encouraging for the effectiveness and the clinical use of this new technology combining growth factors and mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow in a bioresorbable membrane. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Materials for Tooth Engineering)
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14 pages, 5160 KiB  
Article
Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Combined with Graphene Oxide Quantum Dot as a New Material for a New Treatment Option for Dentin Hypersensitivity
by Sung-Ae Son, Dong-Hyun Kim, Kyung-Hyeon Yoo, Seog-Young Yoon and Yong-Il Kim
Nanomaterials 2020, 10(4), 621; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10040621 - 27 Mar 2020
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3553
Abstract
Dentin hypersensitivity is one of the most common clinical conditions usually associated with exposed dentinal tubules. The purpose of this study was to identify the potential of a graphene oxide quantum dot coating for mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles as a new material for [...] Read more.
Dentin hypersensitivity is one of the most common clinical conditions usually associated with exposed dentinal tubules. The purpose of this study was to identify the potential of a graphene oxide quantum dot coating for mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles as a new material for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity by investigating its mineralization activity and dentinal tubules sealing. Mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticle was fabricated by modified sol-gel synthesis. X-ray diffraction was performed to characterize the synthesized nanoparticle Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy investigated the functionalized surfaces. The distribution of the specific surface area and the pore size was measure by Pore size analysis. The morphology of sample was observed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Field Emission Transmission Electron Microscope (FETEM). After disk-shaped specimens of mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles and graphene oxide quantum dot coated mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (n = 3) were soaked in the simulated body fluid for 0, 1, 5, 10,and 30 days, the amount of ions released was observed to confirm the ionic elution for mineralization. Sensitive tooth model discs (n = 20) were applied with two samples and evaluated the dentinal tubule sealing ability. The spherical mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles and graphene oxide quantum dot coated mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles with a diameter of about 500 nm were identified through FESEM and FETEM. The ion release capacity of both samples appeared to be very similar. The amount of ion released and in vitro mineralization tests confirmed that graphene oxide quantum dot coating of mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles did not inhibit the release of calcium, silicon and phosphate ions, but rather that graphene oxide quantum dot promoted hydroxyapatite formation. In the FESEM image of the sensitive tooth disc surface, it was observed that graphene oxide quantum dot coated mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles sealed tightly the dentinal tubules. The graphene oxide quantum dot coating of mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles not only showed the excellent dentinal sealing ability but also rapidly promoted mineralization while minimizing the size increase by coating the mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Materials for Tooth Engineering)
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18 pages, 3342 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles/Graphene Oxide Composites on the Differentiation and Mineralization of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells
by Jae Hwa Ahn, In-Ryoung Kim, Yeon Kim, Dong-Hyun Kim, Soo-Byung Park, Bong-Soo Park, Moon-Kyoung Bae and Yong-Il Kim
Nanomaterials 2020, 10(4), 620; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10040620 - 27 Mar 2020
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 3604
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticle (MBN)/graphene oxide (GO) composites on the mineralization ability and differentiation potential of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). MBN/GO composites were synthesized using the sol-gel method and colloidal [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticle (MBN)/graphene oxide (GO) composites on the mineralization ability and differentiation potential of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). MBN/GO composites were synthesized using the sol-gel method and colloidal processing to enhance the bioactivity and mechanical properties of MBN. Characterization using FESEM, XRD, FTIR, and Raman spectrometry showed that the composites were successfully synthesized. hDPSCs were then cultured directly on the MBN/GO (40:1 and 20:1) composites in vitro. MBN/GO promoted the proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of hDPSCs. In addition, qRT-PCR showed that MBN/GO regulated the mRNA levels of odontogenic markers (dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentine matrix protein 1 (DMP-1), ALP, matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2)). The mRNA levels of DSPP and DMP-1, two odontogenesis-specific markers, were considerably upregulated in hDPSCs in response to growth on the MBN/GO composites. Western blot analysis revealed similar results. Alizarin red S staining was subsequently performed to further investigate MBN/GO-induced mineralization of hDPSCs. It was revealed that MBN/GO composites promote odontogenic differentiation via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Collectively, the results of the present study suggest that MBN/GO composites may promote the differentiation of hDPSCs into odontoblast-like cells, and potentially induce dentin formation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Materials for Tooth Engineering)
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10 pages, 1275 KiB  
Article
Effectiveness of Calcium Phosphate Desensitising Agents in Dental Hypersensitivity Over 24 Weeks of Clinical Evaluation
by Paolo Usai, Vincenzo Campanella, Giovanni Sotgiu, Giovanni Spano, Roberto Pinna, Stefano Eramo, Laura Saderi, Franklin Garcia-Godoy, Giacomo Derchi, Giorgio Mastandrea and Egle Milia
Nanomaterials 2019, 9(12), 1748; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9121748 - 9 Dec 2019
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 3150
Abstract
Background: Calcium phosphate-based compounds are used to treat dental hypersensitivity (DH). Their long-term clinical behaviour needs further research. This study compared the 24-week effectiveness of Teethmate Desensitizer (TD), a pure tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) powder/water, to that of Dentin [...] Read more.
Background: Calcium phosphate-based compounds are used to treat dental hypersensitivity (DH). Their long-term clinical behaviour needs further research. This study compared the 24-week effectiveness of Teethmate Desensitizer (TD), a pure tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) powder/water, to that of Dentin Desensitizer (DD), and Bite & White ExSense (BWE), both of calcium phosphate crystallites. Methods: A total of 105 subjects were selected. A random table was utilised to form three groups of 35 subjects. DH was evaluated using the evaporative sensitivity, tactile sensitivity tests, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain. Response was recorded before the application of the materials (Pre-1), immediately after (Post-0), at 1 week (Post-1), 4 weeks (Post-2), 12 weeks (Post-3) and 24 weeks (Post-4). The non-parametric distribution was assessed with the Shapiro–Wilk statistical test. Intra-group differences for the six time points were evaluated with the Friedman statistical test and the Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: All the materials decreased DH after 24 weeks in comparison to Pre-1. However, the TTCP/DCPD cement showed the greatest statistical efficiency. Conclusions: The significant decrease of VAS scores produced by TD in the long term suggest the material as the most reliable in the clinical relief of DH. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Materials for Tooth Engineering)
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