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Nanomaterials
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Biocompatibility of Nanomaterials in Medical Applications
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Biocompatibility of Nanomaterials in Medical Applications

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Biology and Medicines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (7 October 2022) | Viewed by 13580

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Anca Oana Hermenean

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
Interests: histochemistry; immunohistochemistry; microscopy; cell biology; antioxidant activity; phytomedicine; regenerative medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biocompatibility, the ability of materials to perform a biological host response, is carried out to determine if the new candidates designed for medical applications perform as intended and present no significant harmful effects to the patient. Development of the new biomaterials must maximize inhibition of the macrophage/foreign body reaction and of the immune response, as well as a less fibrous capsule formation that may inhibit or modify the proposed function.

The Special Issue is focused on the evaluation of biological host response to the nanomaterials designed for specific medical applications. Biocompatibility assessment refers to inflammation, healing, and immunological reactions, such as foreign body response. The Special Issue will emphasize smart nanomaterials that include coating, controlled drug release, extracellular matrix or biological molecules inset or other strategies that may potentiate good tolerability and actively influence the healing of the host tissue.

We kindly invite authors to contribute with original articles, communications or reviews on the most recent progress to assess in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of the nanomaterials designed for medical applications.

Prof. Dr. Anca Oana Hermenean
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nanomaterials
  • blood–material interactions
  • biodegradation
  • drug delivery
  • immune response
  • acute inflammation
  • chronic inflammation
  • foreign body reactions
  • wound healing
  • fibrous capsule
  • infection

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 7773 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles with a Novel Biogenic Process for Dental Application
by Afsheen Mansoor, Muhammad Talal Khan, Mazhar Mehmood, Zohaib Khurshid, Muhammad Ishtiaq Ali and Asif Jamal
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(7), 1078; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12071078 - 25 Mar 2022
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 4336 | Correction
Abstract
The prevalence of dental caries has been largely consonant over time despite the enhancement in dental technologies. This study aims to produce novel GIC restorative material by incorporating TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized by Bacillus subtilis for the treatment of dental caries. The TiO [...] Read more.
The prevalence of dental caries has been largely consonant over time despite the enhancement in dental technologies. This study aims to produce novel GIC restorative material by incorporating TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized by Bacillus subtilis for the treatment of dental caries. The TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by inoculating a fresh culture of Bacillus subtilis into a nutrient broth for 24 h, which was then characterized by XRD, DRS, FTIR, AFM, SEM, TEM and EDX. These TiO2 nanoparticles were incorporated in GIC restorative material at different concentrations (0–10% TiO2 -GIC) and were tested for their mechanical properties in a universal testing machine. The XRD analysis revealed synthesis of anatase and rutile-phased TiO2 nanoparticles with a particle size of 70.17 nm that was further confirmed by SEM and TEM analysis. The EDX spectrum indicated prominent peaks of titanium and oxygen with no impurities in the prepared material. Treatment with 5% TiO2 -GIC proved to be most effective for the treatment of dental caries with no observable cytotoxic effect. An increase in the compressive strength of TiO2 nanoparticle-reinforced GIC was observed as the concentration of the TiO2 nanoparticles was increased up to 5%; subsequently, the compressive strength was lowered. An increase in the flexural strength was observed in GIC containing 0%, 3% and 5% TiO2 nanoparticles sequentially. Based on the results, it can be concluded that Bacillus subtilis-derived TiO2 nanoparticles have excellent potential for developing next generation of restorative materials for dental issues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biocompatibility of Nanomaterials in Medical Applications)
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21 pages, 41610 KiB  
Article
Silk ProteinsEnriched Nanocomposite Hydrogels Based on Modified MMT Clay and Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane Sulfonic Acid) Display Favorable Properties for Soft Tissue Engineering
by Mirela Violeta Șerban, Simona-Rebeca Nazarie (Ignat), Sorina Dinescu, Ionuț-Cristian Radu, Cătălin Zaharia, Elena-Alexandra Istrătoiu, Eugenia Tănasă, Hildegard Herman, Sami Gharbia, Cornel Baltă, Anca Hermenean and Marieta Costache
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(3), 503; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12030503 - 31 Jan 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3025
Abstract
Due to their remarkable structures and properties, three-dimensional hydrogels and nanostructured clay particles have been extensively studied and have shown a high potential for tissue engineering as solutions for tissue defects. In this study, four types of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate/2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (HEMA/AMPSA/MMT) hydrogels [...] Read more.
Due to their remarkable structures and properties, three-dimensional hydrogels and nanostructured clay particles have been extensively studied and have shown a high potential for tissue engineering as solutions for tissue defects. In this study, four types of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate/2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid/montmorillonite (HEMA/AMPSA/MMT) hydrogels enriched with sericin, and fibroin were prepared and studied in the context of regenerative medicine for soft tissue regenerative medicine. Our aim was to obtain crosslinked hydrogel structures using modified montmorillonite clay as a crosslinking agent. In order to improve the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility, silk proteins were further incorporated within the hydrogel matrix. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) were performed to prove the chemical structures of the modified MMT and nanocomposite hydrogels. Swelling and rheological measurements showed the good elastic behavior of the hydrogels due to this unique network structure in which modified MMT acts as a crosslinking agent. Hydrogel biocompatibility was assessed by MTT, LDH and LIVE/DEAD assays. The hydrogels were evaluated for their potential to support adipogenesis in vitro and human stem cells isolated from adipose tissue were seeded in them and induced to differentiate. The progress was assessed by evaluation of expression of adipogenic markers (ppar-γ2, perilipin) evaluated by qPCR. The potential of the materials to support tissue regeneration was further evaluated on animal models in vivo. All materials proved to be biocompatible, with better results on the 95% HEMA 5% AMPSA enriched with sericin and fibroin material. This composition promoted a better development of adipogenesis compared to the other compositions studied, due the addition of sericin and fibroin. The results were confirmed in vivo as well, with a better progress of soft tissue regeneration after implantation in mice. Therefore, hydrogel 95% HEMA 5% AMPSA enriched with sericin as well as fibroin showed the best results that recommend it for future soft tissue engineering application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biocompatibility of Nanomaterials in Medical Applications)
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19 pages, 6663 KiB  
Article
Comprehensive Appraisal of Graphene–Oxide Ratio in Porous Biopolymer Hybrids Targeting Bone-Tissue Regeneration
by George Mihail Vlasceanu, Aida Șelaru, Sorina Dinescu, Cornel Balta, Hildegard Herman, Sami Gharbia, Anca Hermenean, Mariana Ionita and Marieta Costache
Nanomaterials 2020, 10(8), 1444; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10081444 - 24 Jul 2020
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2889
Abstract
The bone-tissue engineering (BTE) field is continuously growing due to a major need for bone substitutes in cases of serious traumas, when the bone tissue has reduced capacity for self-regeneration. So far, graphene oxide (GO)-reinforced natural materials provide satisfactory results for BTE, for [...] Read more.
The bone-tissue engineering (BTE) field is continuously growing due to a major need for bone substitutes in cases of serious traumas, when the bone tissue has reduced capacity for self-regeneration. So far, graphene oxide (GO)-reinforced natural materials provide satisfactory results for BTE, for both in vitro and in vivo conditions. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the biocompatibility of a new biocomposite consisting of chitosan and fish gelatin crosslinked with genipin and loaded with various concentrations of GO (0.5, 1, 2, 3 wt.%) for prospective BTE applications. Scaffold characterizations revealed a constant swelling degree and good resistance to enzyme degradation. The composites presented a porous structure with pores of similar size, thus mimicking the bone structure. In vitro biocompatibility assays demonstrated an overall beneficial interaction between preosteoblasts, and these particular composites, particularly with 0.5 wt.% GO, reinforced composition. Next, the materials were implanted subcutaneously in 6-week old CD1 mice for in vivo evaluation of biocompatibility and inflammatory activity. Immunohistochemical staining revealed maximal cell infiltration and minimal inflammatory reaction for fish gelatin/chitosan/genipin with 0.5 wt.% GO scaffold, thus demonstrating the best biocompatibility for this particular composition, confirming the in vitro results. This study revealed the potential use of fish gelatin/chitosan GO composites for further implementation in the BTE field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biocompatibility of Nanomaterials in Medical Applications)
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Review

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34 pages, 1663 KiB  
Review
Engineered Nanotechnology: An Effective Therapeutic Platform for the Chronic Cutaneous Wound
by Suhasini Mallick, Moupriya Nag, Dibyajit Lahiri, Soumya Pandit, Tanmay Sarkar, Siddhartha Pati, Nilesh Prakash Nirmal, Hisham Atan Edinur, Zulhisyam Abdul Kari, Muhammad Rajaei Ahmad Mohd Zain and Rina Rani Ray
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(5), 778; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12050778 - 25 Feb 2022
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 6081
Abstract
The healing of chronic wound infections, especially cutaneous wounds, involves a complex cascade of events demanding mutual interaction between immunity and other natural host processes. Wound infections are caused by the consortia of microbial species that keep on proliferating and produce various types [...] Read more.
The healing of chronic wound infections, especially cutaneous wounds, involves a complex cascade of events demanding mutual interaction between immunity and other natural host processes. Wound infections are caused by the consortia of microbial species that keep on proliferating and produce various types of virulence factors that cause the development of chronic infections. The mono- or polymicrobial nature of surface wound infections is best characterized by its ability to form biofilm that renders antimicrobial resistance to commonly administered drugs due to poor biofilm matrix permeability. With an increasing incidence of chronic wound biofilm infections, there is an urgent need for non-conventional antimicrobial approaches, such as developing nanomaterials that have intrinsic antimicrobial-antibiofilm properties modulating the biochemical or biophysical parameters in the wound microenvironment in order to cause disruption and removal of biofilms, such as designing nanomaterials as efficient drug-delivery vehicles carrying antibiotics, bioactive compounds, growth factor antioxidants or stem cells reaching the infection sites and having a distinct mechanism of action in comparison to antibiotics—functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) for better incursion through the biofilm matrix. NPs are thought to act by modulating the microbial colonization and biofilm formation in wounds due to their differential particle size, shape, surface charge and composition through alterations in bacterial cell membrane composition, as well as their conductivity, loss of respiratory activity, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitrosation of cysteines of proteins, lipid peroxidation, DNA unwinding and modulation of metabolic pathways. For the treatment of chronic wounds, extensive research is ongoing to explore a variety of nanoplatforms, including metallic and nonmetallic NPs, nanofibers and self-accumulating nanocarriers. As the use of the magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-entrenched pre-designed hydrogel sheet (MPS) is found to enhance wound healing, the bio-nanocomposites consisting of bacterial cellulose and magnetic nanoparticles (magnetite) are now successfully used for the healing of chronic wounds. With the objective of precise targeting, some kinds of “intelligent” nanoparticles are constructed to react according to the required environment, which are later incorporated in the dressings, so that the wound can be treated with nano-impregnated dressing material in situ. For the effective healing of skin wounds, high-expressing, transiently modified stem cells, controlled by nano 3D architectures, have been developed to encourage angiogenesis and tissue regeneration. In order to overcome the challenge of time and dose constraints during drug administration, the approach of combinatorial nano therapy is adopted, whereby AI will help to exploit the full potential of nanomedicine to treat chronic wounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biocompatibility of Nanomaterials in Medical Applications)
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35 pages, 11125 KiB  
Review
Physically Switchable Antimicrobial Surfaces and Coatings: General Concept and Recent Achievements
by Roman Elashnikov, Pavel Ulbrich, Barbora Vokatá, Vladimíra Svobodová Pavlíčková, Václav Švorčík, Oleksiy Lyutakov and Silvie Rimpelová
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(11), 3083; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11113083 - 16 Nov 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3388
Abstract
Bacterial environmental colonization and subsequent biofilm formation on surfaces represents a significant and alarming problem in various fields, ranging from contamination of medical devices up to safe food packaging. Therefore, the development of surfaces resistant to bacterial colonization is a challenging and actively [...] Read more.
Bacterial environmental colonization and subsequent biofilm formation on surfaces represents a significant and alarming problem in various fields, ranging from contamination of medical devices up to safe food packaging. Therefore, the development of surfaces resistant to bacterial colonization is a challenging and actively solved task. In this field, the current promising direction is the design and creation of nanostructured smart surfaces with on-demand activated amicrobial protection. Various surface activation methods have been described recently. In this review article, we focused on the “physical” activation of nanostructured surfaces. In the first part of the review, we briefly describe the basic principles and common approaches of external stimulus application and surface activation, including the temperature-, light-, electric- or magnetic-field-based surface triggering, as well as mechanically induced surface antimicrobial protection. In the latter part, the recent achievements in the field of smart antimicrobial surfaces with physical activation are discussed, with special attention on multiresponsive or multifunctional physically activated coatings. In particular, we mainly discussed the multistimuli surface triggering, which ensures a better degree of surface properties control, as well as simultaneous utilization of several strategies for surface protection, based on a principally different mechanism of antimicrobial action. We also mentioned several recent trends, including the development of the to-detect and to-kill hybrid approach, which ensures the surface activation in a right place at a right time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biocompatibility of Nanomaterials in Medical Applications)
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