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Nanomaterials
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Carbon-Based Nanocomposites
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Carbon-Based Nanocomposites

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "2D and Carbon Nanomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 22248

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Marwan Al-Haik

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Aerospace Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, USA
Interests: composite materials; nanomaterials; additive mnaufacturing; blast tolerant materials; radiation damage mitigation; thermal barrier coatings; high energy radiation detection; synthesis and characterization of lanthanides nanoparticles for gamma ray scintillators; synthesis of nanoparticles and WS2 nanofibers via plasma torch; synthesis of graphitic structures by design; processing of nanotube/polymer composites; magnetic annealing of engineering materials; residual stress development in super alloys; durability of polymeric composites; nanoindentation of thin films; nano impact and nano fatigue testing of thin films; thermomechanical analysis of polymers; light and electron microscopy and mechanical testing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Carbon nanomaterials are by far the fastest developing technology in materials science and engineering. Carbon nanoscale species, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and fullerenes, are paving the road to breakthroughs in a spectrum of applications in electronics and energy, including solar cells, quantum dots, sensors, and photovoltaics.  

These improvements have suggested expanding the domain of applications of these novel nanomaterials by adding them as fillers to polymer matrices, forming what is commonly referred to as carbon nanocomposites. While nanocomposites based on classical forms of carbon like carbon black have been around for decades, in recent years, most of the research and development have been devoted to new forms of nanocarbon, such as single and multiwalled carbon nanotubes, nanofibers, graphene, fullerenes, nanodiamond, cones, and graphite nanoplatelets. These new trends are driven by the enhanced abilities in mass production and tailoring of the morphologies, and thus the properties, of the carbon nanofillers.

The development of carbon nanocomposites has been sustained because these composites exhibit unique combinations of properties and multifunctionalities not attainable with traditional microscale carbon fiber composites. The unique properties are attributed to the small size of the filler and their large surface areas. Therefore, in many cases, the drastic changes in a nanocomposite property require small to modest nanofiller loadings.

The field of carbon nanocomposites is evolving at a rapid rate. In an attempt to harvest the benefits of both nanoscale and microscale carbon fillers, some new trends suggest utilizing hybrid composites that combine both. Other trends suggest the combination of two carbon nanofillers toward achieving synergy in targeted properties, such as thermal and electrical conductivities. The field of carbon nanocomposites can also benefit from novel manufacturing technologies, such as additive manufacturing and 3D printing.

This Special Issue aims at harvesting some of these new and novel trends in the field of nanocomposites; potential topics include but are not limited to:

  1. Novel carbon nanomaterials synthesis;
  2. Carbon nanocomposites fabrication for structural and transport (thermal or electrical) applications;
  3. Hybrid and multiscale carbon nanocomposites;
  4. Additive manufacturing of carbon nanocomposites;
  5. Original approaches for characterization of carbon nanocomposites;
  6. Other studies and novel applications of composites associated with carbon nanospecies.

Prof. Dr. Marwan Al-Haik
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • carbon nanomaterials
  • carbon nanocomposites
  • multiscale carbon composites
  • multifunctional carbon composites

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 4335 KiB  
Article
Hierarchical Mo2C@CNT Hybrid Structure Formation for the Improved Lithium-Ion Battery Storage Performance
by Sajjad Hussain, Shoaib Muhammad, Muhammad Faizan, Kyung-Wan Nam, Hyun-Seok Kim, Dhanasekaran Vikraman and Jongwan Jung
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(9), 2195; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11092195 - 26 Aug 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2821
Abstract
2-D transition metal carbides (TMCs)-based anode materials offer competitive performance in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its excellent conductivity; cheaper, flexible uses; and superior mechanical stability. However, the electrochemical energy storage of TMCs is still the major obstacle due to their modest capacity [...] Read more.
2-D transition metal carbides (TMCs)-based anode materials offer competitive performance in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its excellent conductivity; cheaper, flexible uses; and superior mechanical stability. However, the electrochemical energy storage of TMCs is still the major obstacle due to their modest capacity and the trends of restacking/aggregation. In this report, the Mo2C nanosheets were attached on conductive CNT network to form a hierarchical 2D hybrid structure, which not only alleviated the aggregation of the Mo2C nanoparticle and facilitated the rapid transference of ion/electron, but also adapted effectually to the hefty volume expansion of Mo2C nanosheets and prevented restacking/collapse of Mo2C structure. Benefitting from the layered Mo2@CNT hybrid structure, the charge/discharge profile produced a 200 mAh g−1 discharge-specific capacity (second cycle) and 132 mAh g−1 reversible-discharge discharge-specific capacity (after 100 cycles) at 50 mA g−1 current density, with high-speed competency and superior cycle stability. The improved storage kinetics for Mo2@CNT hybrid structure are credited to the creation of numerous active catalytic facets and association reaction between the CNT and Mo2C, promoting the efficient electron transfer and enhancing the cycling stability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Nanocomposites)
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13 pages, 9827 KiB  
Article
Introduction of Rare-Earth Oxide Nanoparticles in CNT-Based Nanocomposites for Improved Detection of Underlying CNT Network
by Joel Hubbard, Tugba Isik, Troy Y. Ansell, Volkan Ortalan and Claudia Luhrs
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(9), 2168; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11092168 - 25 Aug 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2284
Abstract
Epoxy resins for adhesive and structural applications are widely employed by various industries. The introduction of high aspect ratio nanometric conductive fillers, i.e., carbon nanotubes, are well studied and are known to improve the electrical properties of the bulk material by orders of [...] Read more.
Epoxy resins for adhesive and structural applications are widely employed by various industries. The introduction of high aspect ratio nanometric conductive fillers, i.e., carbon nanotubes, are well studied and are known to improve the electrical properties of the bulk material by orders of magnitude. This improved electrical conductivity has made carbon nanotube-based nanocomposites an attractive material for applications where their weight savings are at a premium. However, the analytical methods for validating carbon nanotube (CNT) nanofiller dispersion and for assuring that the properties they induce extend to the entire volume are destructive and inhibited by poor resolution between matrix and tube bundles. Herein, rare-earth oxide nanoparticles are synthesized on CNT walls for the purpose of increasing the contrast between their network and the surrounding matrix when studied by imaging techniques, alleviating these issues. The adherence of the synthesized nanoparticles to the CNT walls is documented via transmission electron microscopy. The crystalline phases generated during the various fabrication steps are determined using X-ray diffraction. Deep ultraviolet-induced fluorescence of the Eu:Y2O3-CNT nanostructures is verified. The impacts to nanocomposite electrical properties resulting from dopant introduction are characterized. The scanning electron microscopy imaging of CNT pulp and nanocomposites fabricated from untreated CNTs and Eu:Y2O3-CNTs are compared, resulting in improved contrast and detection of CNT bundles. The micro-CT scans of composites with similar results are presented for discussion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Nanocomposites)
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9 pages, 2502 KiB  
Article
Effect of π–π Stacking Interfacial Interaction on the Properties of Graphene/Poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene) Composites
by Xiaobing Han, Hao Kong, Tao Chen, Jie Gao, Yuan Zhao, Yanan Sang and Guowen Hu
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(9), 2158; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11092158 - 24 Aug 2021
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3465
Abstract
Interfacial interaction is one of the most important factors in the construction of high-performance graphene-based elastomer composites. In this paper, graphene/poly (styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene) (SIS) composites were prepared with solution mixing followed by an evaporation-induced self-assembly process. Various techniques such as [...] Read more.
Interfacial interaction is one of the most important factors in the construction of high-performance graphene-based elastomer composites. In this paper, graphene/poly (styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene) (SIS) composites were prepared with solution mixing followed by an evaporation-induced self-assembly process. Various techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, UV-vis absorption spectra, tensile testing, Shore A hardness, surface resistance, thermal conductivity, and thermogravimetric analysis were conducted to characterize the microstructure and properties of the obtained composites. The results showed that the π–π stacking interfacial interaction between phenyl groups of SIS and graphene play an important role in the properties’ improvement, and the effect of interfacial interaction on the properties was revealed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Nanocomposites)
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15 pages, 4071 KiB  
Article
Effect of Nano-Reinforcement Topologies on the Viscoelastic Performance of Carbon Nanotube/Carbon Fiber Hybrid Composites
by Suma Ayyagari, Marwan Al-Haik, Yixin Ren and Dhriti Nepal
Nanomaterials 2020, 10(6), 1213; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10061213 - 22 Jun 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2914
Abstract
In this investigation, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were grown over carbon fiber fabrics via a relatively nondestructive synthesis technique. The MWCNTs patches were grown into three different topologies: uniform, fine patterned and coarse patterned. Hybrid carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) were fabricated based [...] Read more.
In this investigation, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were grown over carbon fiber fabrics via a relatively nondestructive synthesis technique. The MWCNTs patches were grown into three different topologies: uniform, fine patterned and coarse patterned. Hybrid carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) were fabricated based on the patterned reinforcements. Tensile tests, dynamic mechanical thermal analyses (DMTA) and flexure load relaxation tests were carried out to investigate the effect of the patterned nano-reinforcement on the static, dynamic, glass transition, and viscoelastic performance of the hybrid composites. Results revealed that the hybrid composite based on fine-patterned topology achieved better performance over all other configurations as it exhibited about 19% improvement in both the strength and modulus over the reference composite with no MWCNTs. Additionally, the increase in glass transition for this composite was as high as 13%. The damping parameter (tan δ) was improved by 46%. The stress relaxation results underlined the importance of patterned MWCNTs in minimizing the stress decay at elevated temperatures and loading conditions. Utilizing patterned MWCNTs topology significantly reduced the stress decay percentage at the thermomechanical conditions 60 MPa and 75 °C from 16.7% to 7.8%. These improvements are attributed to both the enhanced adhesion and large interface area by placing MWCNTs and by inducing an interlocking mechanism that allows the interaction of the three constituents in load transfer, crack deflection and hindering undesired viscoelastic deformations under different thermomechanical loadings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Nanocomposites)
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18 pages, 7101 KiB  
Article
Comparative Study of Three Carbon Additives: Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, and Fullerene-C60, for Synthesizing Enhanced Polymer Nanocomposites
by Xingyu Wang, Fujian Tang, Qi Cao, Xiaoning Qi, Matthew Pearson, Mingli Li, Hong Pan, Zi Zhang and Zhibin Lin
Nanomaterials 2020, 10(5), 838; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10050838 - 27 Apr 2020
Cited by 37 | Viewed by 4562
Abstract
While nanoparticles from the carbon family have been incorporated effectively for polymer matrixes, there is no clear information available for understanding the impacts of the morphology of different carbon nanoparticles on the performance of carbon-based nanocomposites. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a [...] Read more.
While nanoparticles from the carbon family have been incorporated effectively for polymer matrixes, there is no clear information available for understanding the impacts of the morphology of different carbon nanoparticles on the performance of carbon-based nanocomposites. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a comprehensive, comparative investigation to systematically assess the impacts of nanoparticles on the tribological, mechanical, and electrochemical properties of the epoxy coatings using three representative 0D, 1D, and 2D nanoparticles: Fullerene-C60 (C60), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The anti-corrosion performance of the nanocomposites in both the short and long term was characterized. The mechanical properties were examined by abrasion, adhesion, and tensile tests. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was conducted to determine their chemical structures, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine their surface texture. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results revealed that the coatings reinforced by C60 and GNP had better anti-corrosion performance than that of the CNT/epoxy samples. The incorporation of C60 and CNT led to a considerable improvement in tensile properties, while improved abrasion resistance was observed in all types of nanofiller/epoxy groups. C60-loaded composites exhibited a significant enhancement in tensile properties as compared to CNT or GNP composites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Nanocomposites)
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Review

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23 pages, 3731 KiB  
Review
Carbon Nanostructures, Nanolayers, and Their Composites
by Nikola Slepičková Kasálková, Petr Slepička and Václav Švorčík
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(9), 2368; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11092368 - 12 Sep 2021
Cited by 48 | Viewed by 5173
Abstract
The versatility of the arrangement of C atoms with the formation of different allotropes and phases has led to the discovery of several new structures with unique properties. Carbon nanomaterials are currently very attractive nanomaterials due to their unique physical, chemical, and biological [...] Read more.
The versatility of the arrangement of C atoms with the formation of different allotropes and phases has led to the discovery of several new structures with unique properties. Carbon nanomaterials are currently very attractive nanomaterials due to their unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. One of these is the development of superconductivity, for example, in graphite intercalated superconductors, single-walled carbon nanotubes, B-doped diamond, etc. Not only various forms of carbon materials but also carbon-related materials have aroused extraordinary theoretical and experimental interest. Hybrid carbon materials are good candidates for high current densities at low applied electric fields due to their negative electron affinity. The right combination of two different nanostructures, CNF or carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles, has led to some very interesting sensors with applications in electrochemical biosensors, biomolecules, and pharmaceutical compounds. Carbon materials have a number of unique properties. In order to increase their potential application and applicability in different industries and under different conditions, they are often combined with other types of material (most often polymers or metals). The resulting composite materials have significantly improved properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Nanocomposites)
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