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Nanomaterials
Special Issues
Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Nanoparticles
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Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Nanoparticles

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Biology and Medicines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2022) | Viewed by 7832

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Cristina Andreoli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
Interests: genotoxicity assays; cytotoxicity tests; DNA and chromosomal damage evaluation; comet assay; nanomaterial safety testing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

The increasing use of nanomaterials in a wide range of consumer products arises from the need to define a correct strategy for hazard identification and risk assessment. In the last few years, a large amount of data on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity have been published and produced in a wide range of collaborative European funded projects, but the key mechanisms involved in cytotoxic and genotoxic responses of nanomaterials are still controversial. In addition, the assay conditions for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity testing is currently being questioned, especially in a regulatory context. In this framework, to facilitate the safe development and use of nanomaterials, the European Commission is supporting the revision/adaptation of the existing safety assessment methods as well as the validation of new methods (OECD Testing Guidelines and/or Guidance Documents). 

This Special Issue is open to contributions on nanomaterial’s cytotoxicity and genotoxicity studies regarding: a) the conditions for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity testing, such as the cell line(s) to be used, the maximum dose/concentration, and the rationale for nanomaterial positive controls; b) advanced biological models for in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity testing; c) Safe-by-Design (SbD) approaches; d) in silico methodologies, like QSAR, grouping and read across; e) criteria for efficient reuse of existing nanosafety data, as recently established through the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) guiding principles. 

Dr. Cristina Andreoli
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • Nanomaterial cytotoxicity testing
  • Nanomaterial genotoxicity testing
  • Nanosafety
  • Advanced biological models
  • Safe-by-Design (SbD) approaches
  • in silico methodologies
  • FAIR approach

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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29 pages, 3113 KiB  
Article
Influence of Critical Parameters on Cytotoxicity Induced by Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
by Amirsadra Ahmadi, Moses Sokunbi, Trisha Patel, Ming-Wei Chang, Zeeshan Ahmad and Neenu Singh
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(12), 2016; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12122016 - 11 Jun 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3234
Abstract
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (MSNs) have received increasing attention in biomedical applications due to their tuneable pore size, surface area, size, surface chemistry, and thermal stability. The biocompatibility of MSNs, although generally believed to be satisfactory, is unclear. Physicochemical properties of MSNs, such as [...] Read more.
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (MSNs) have received increasing attention in biomedical applications due to their tuneable pore size, surface area, size, surface chemistry, and thermal stability. The biocompatibility of MSNs, although generally believed to be satisfactory, is unclear. Physicochemical properties of MSNs, such as diameter size, morphology, and surface charge, control their biological interactions and toxicity. Experimental conditions also play an essential role in influencing toxicological results. Therefore, the present study includes studies from the last five years to statistically analyse the effect of various physicochemical features on MSN-induced in-vitro cytotoxicity profiles. Due to non-normally distributed data and the presence of outliers, a Kruskal–Wallis H test was conducted on different physicochemical characteristics, including diameter sizes, zeta-potential measurements, and functionalisation of MSNs, based on the viability results, and statistical differences were obtained. Subsequently, pairwise comparisons were performed using Dunn’s procedure with a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Other experimental parameters, such as type of cell line used, cell viability measurement assay, and incubation time, were also explored and analysed for statistically significant results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Nanoparticles)
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16 pages, 3402 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Assessment of the Genotoxic Potential of Pristine Graphene Platelets
by Andrea Malkova, Tereza Svadlakova, Avni Singh, Martina Kolackova, Radka Vankova, Pavel Borsky, Drahomira Holmannova, Adam Karas, Lenka Borska and Zdenek Fiala
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(9), 2210; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11092210 - 27 Aug 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2324
Abstract
(1) Background: Graphene is a two-dimensional atomic structure with a wide range of uses, including for biomedical applications. However, knowledge of its hazards is still limited. This work brings new cytotoxic, cytostatic, genotoxic and immunotoxic data concerning the in vitro exposure of human [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Graphene is a two-dimensional atomic structure with a wide range of uses, including for biomedical applications. However, knowledge of its hazards is still limited. This work brings new cytotoxic, cytostatic, genotoxic and immunotoxic data concerning the in vitro exposure of human cell line to two types of graphene platelets (GP). It also contributes to the formation of general conclusions about the health risks of GP exposure. (2) Methods: In vitro exposure of a THP-1 cell line to three concentrations of two GP over 40 h. The cytotoxic potential was assessed by the measurement of LDH and glutathione (ROS) and by a trypan blue exclusion assay (TBEA); the cytostatic and genotoxic potential were assessed by the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) test; and the immunotoxic potential was assessed by the measurement of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α. (3) Results: We found a significant dose-dependent increase in DNA damage (CBMN). The lowest observed genotoxic effect levels (LOGEL) were 5 µg/mL (GP1) and 30 µg/mL (GP2). We found no significant leaking of LDH from cells, increase in dead cells (TBEA), induction of ROS, increased levels of cytostasis, or changes in IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α levels. (4) Conclusions: The genotoxicity increased during the short-term in vitro exposure of THP-1 to two GP. No increase in cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity, or cytostasis was observed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Nanoparticles)
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Review

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22 pages, 13774 KiB  
Review
Current Knowledge of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles in Laboratory Research—Application, Toxicity, Cellular Uptake
by Patrycja Talarska, Maciej Boruczkowski and Jakub Żurawski
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(9), 2454; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11092454 - 21 Sep 2021
Cited by 58 | Viewed by 5137
Abstract
Silver and gold nanoparticles can be found in a range of household products related to almost every area of life, including patches, bandages, paints, sportswear, personal care products, food storage equipment, cosmetics, disinfectants, etc. Their confirmed ability to enter the organism through respiratory [...] Read more.
Silver and gold nanoparticles can be found in a range of household products related to almost every area of life, including patches, bandages, paints, sportswear, personal care products, food storage equipment, cosmetics, disinfectants, etc. Their confirmed ability to enter the organism through respiratory and digestive systems, skin, and crossing the blood–brain barrier raises questions of their potential effect on cell function. Therefore, this manuscript aimed to summarize recent reports concerning the influence of variables such as size, shape, concentration, type of coating, or incubation time, on effects of gold and silver nanoparticles on cultured cell lines. Due to the increasingly common use of AgNP and AuNP in multiple branches of the industry, further studies on the effects of nanoparticles on different types of cells and the general natural environment are needed to enable their long-term use. However, some environmentally friendly solutions to chemically synthesized nanoparticles are also investigated, such as plant-based synthesis methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Nanoparticles)
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