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Obesities

Obesities is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on all aspects of obesity published quarterly online by MDPI.

Quartile Ranking JCR - Q4 (Nutrition and Dietetics | Endocrinology and Metabolism)

All Articles (190)

Obesity is closely associated with appetite dysregulation, influenced by behavioral, hormonal, and neurological factors. The Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire (CNAQ) is a validated tool, translated into Arabic, but its application in weight-loss interventions remains underexplored. This secondary cross-sectional analysis evaluated whether the Arabic CNAQ can differentiate appetite levels after a 6-month telenutrition weight-loss intervention supported by telemonitoring and health coaching, and whether appetite is associated with weight-loss outcomes. A total of 36 participants were assessed: the intervention group (n = 21), who completed the program, and the control group (n = 15), who received no continuous support. Appetite was measured using the CNAQ after 6 months. Independent-samples t-tests and Mann–Whitney U tests were applied to compare appetite scores, while Chi-square tests were used for appetite categories. Results showed mean CNAQ scores of 27.87 (SD = 2.64) for the control group and 26.86 (SD = 4.46) for the intervention group (p = 0.402). Most participants reported moderate appetite (93.3% control; 76.2% intervention), with no significant between-group differences (p = 0.367). Although differences were not statistically significant, the findings demonstrate the feasibility of using the Arabic CNAQ in telehealth weight management. Larger studies with repeated measures are needed to confirm its utility in clinical and dietetic practice.

9 October 2025

CONSORT flow diagram of participant enrollment, allocation, follow-up, and analysis.
  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access

Clozapine and olanzapine are important medications in the management of psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia. However, metabolic disturbances and weight gain are common side effects of these drugs. We aimed to evaluate the effects of GLP-1 RAs treatment for metabolic disturbances and weight gain in patients on clozapine/olanzapine. For this systematic review, searches were conducted in eight different databases. After screening, outcome data was synthesized regarding weight gain and biochemical and clinical indicators of metabolic disturbance, as well as for adverse events/side effects, and any other benefits of GLP-1 RA treatment. A total of 14 studies were included in this medical systematic review, of which four were unique randomized control trials (RCTs), with study contexts including Australia and Denmark. GLP-1 RAs that were utilized include semaglutide, exenatide, and liraglutide. It was consistently demonstrated across studies that, when followed-up, those on GLP-1 RAs had achieved statistically lower levels of weight gain compared to those receiving placebo. A similar effect was seen on fasting glucose levels and glycated haemoglobin levels. Effects on other metabolic parameters were inconsistent. There were minimal gastrointestinal, psychological, cardiac, and other side effects noted across studies. GLP-1 RAs may offer utility in addressing the metabolic side effects of olanzapine/clozapine, but further research is needed. There remains a need to better understand impacts and potential side effects in larger and more diverse populations, as well as a need to better evaluate the long-term outcomes for patients.

9 October 2025

PRISMA workflow diagram, adapted from Page et al. [30].

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading global cause of death, causing over 43 million deaths in 2021, including 18 million premature deaths, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries. NCDs also incur significant economic losses, estimated at USD 7 trillion from 2011 to 2025, despite low prevention costs. This study evaluated body mapping indicators: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio—for predicting NCD risk, including hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, using data from a nationally representative survey in Ghana. The study sampled 5775 participants via multistage stratified sampling, ensuring proportional representation by region, urban/rural residency, age, and gender. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained. Anthropometric and biochemical data, including height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and lipid profiles, were collected using standardized protocols. Data analysis was conducted with STATA 17.0, accounting for complex survey design. Significant sex-based differences were observed: men were taller and lighter, while women had higher BMI and waist/hip circumferences. NCD prevalence increased with age, peaking at 60–69 years, and was higher in females. Lower education and marital status (widowed, divorced, separated) correlated with higher NCD prevalence. Obesity and high waist circumference strongly predicted NCD risk, but individual anthropometric measures lacked screening accuracy. Integrated screening and tailored interventions are recommended for improved NCD detection and management in resource-limited settings.

3 October 2025

Receiver operator characteristic curve showing area under the curve for (A) body mass index, (B) hip circumference, (C) waist circumference, and (D) waist-to-hip ratio.

Background/Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global public health challenge with a significant impact on human life. The current study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the magnitude of dyslipidemia and the factors associated with elevated LDL-C levels among Black South Africans with T2DM. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary hospital. Blood samples for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid profile were collected from the study participants and analyzed using Siemens Atellica™ analyzer. The data was entered into Microsoft excel and analyzed using SPSS version 24. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was employed to identify variables significantly associated with the outcomes, with a p-value  ≤  0.05 and a 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 194 study participants with T2DM were recruited in the study. The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 90.72%. Of those with dyslipidemia, 40.9% had an isolated dyslipidemia, 39.7% had a combined dyslipidemia and 19.3% had atherogenic dyslipidemia. Significant factors associated with elevated levels of LDL-C included age, non-adherence to treatment (NAT) and duration. However, after multivariate analysis, NAT was found to be an independent associated factor with elevated levels of LDL-C (AOR: 4.596; 95% CI: 0.177–2.874; p = 0.027). Conclusions: Our study found that dyslipidemia is highly prevalent among Black South African patients with T2DM at a tertiary hospital, despite the use of lipid-lowering therapy. NAT was significantly associated with elevated levels of LDL-C. However, it is important to note that the study employed a cross-sectional design, conducted at a single hospital, which may impair the generalizability of the findings.

27 September 2025

Prevalence of dyslipidemia among the type 2 diabetic mellitus study participants.

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Obesities - ISSN 2673-4168Creative Common CC BY license