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Pathogens
Special Issues
Emerging and Re-Emerging Bacterial Infections
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Emerging and Re-Emerging Bacterial Infections

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Emerging Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2025 | Viewed by 6258

Special Issue Editor

Dr. William S. Lawrence

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
Interests: Bacillus anthracis; bacterial pathogenesis; aerobiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bacterial infections account for millions of deaths per year worldwide, and they make up a considerable percentage of all infection-related deaths. Consequently, bacterial infections are a major public health concern. Many of the known bacterial pathogens have subsisted for ages, but over the past few years, advances in modern medicine have given rise to new treatments that have curtailed the frequency of occurrence and disease severity associated with many of these pathogens. However, due to various factors such as improved methods of bacterial identification, increased human exposure to bacteria, and the development of antibiotic resistance, new bacteria have emerged while some well-known bacteria have reemerged.

This Special Issue aims to explore emerging and reemerging bacterial pathogens with special emphasis on new findings on these bacteria and future management.

Dr. William S. Lawrence
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bacteria
  • human infection
  • emerging infections
  • pathogenesis
  • mutation
  • virulence
  • animal model of infection
  • antibiotic-resistance
  • immunity
  • therapeutics

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 4746 KiB  
Article
Baculovirus-Assisted Production of Bartonella bacilliformis Proteins: A Potential Strategy for Improving Serological Diagnosis of Carrion’s Disease
by Lizbeth Sally Vilca-Machaca, Karen Daphne Calvay-Sanchez, Yanina Zarate-Sulca, Victor Jimenez-Vasquez, Pablo Ramirez and Giovanna Mendoza-Mujica
Pathogens 2024, 13(8), 690; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13080690 - 15 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1649
Abstract
Carrion’s disease, caused by Bartonella bacilliformis, is a neglected tropical disease prevalent in the Andean region of South America. Without antimicrobial treatment, this disease has a mortality rate of up to 88% in infected patients. The most common method for diagnosing B. [...] Read more.
Carrion’s disease, caused by Bartonella bacilliformis, is a neglected tropical disease prevalent in the Andean region of South America. Without antimicrobial treatment, this disease has a mortality rate of up to 88% in infected patients. The most common method for diagnosing B. bacilliformis infection is serological testing. However, the current serological assays are limited in sensitivity and specificity, underscoring the need for the development of novel and more accurate diagnostic tools. Recombinant proteins have emerged as promising candidates to improve the serological diagnosis of Carrion’s disease. So, we focused on evaluating the conditions for producing two previously predicted proteins of B. bacilliformis using the baculovirus–insect cell expression system, mainly the flashBAC ULTRA technology. We assessed various parameters to identify the conditions that yield the highest protein production, including cell lines, temperature, and hours post-infection (hpi). The results showed that the expression conditions for achieving the highest yields of the Prot_689 and Prot_504 proteins were obtained using High Five™ cells at 21 °C and harvesting at 120 hpi. Subsequently, the seroreactivity of recombinant proteins was evaluated using positive sera from patients diagnosed with Carrion’s disease. These findings offer valuable insights into the production conditions of B. bacilliformis recombinant proteins using the baculovirus system, which could significantly contribute to developing more precise diagnostic tools for Carrion’s disease. Therefore, this research provides implications for improving diagnostics and potentially developing therapeutic strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging and Re-Emerging Bacterial Infections)
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Review

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16 pages, 1183 KiB  
Review
Gut Microbiome Implication and Modulation in the Management of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection
by Mattia Brigida, Angela Saviano, Carmine Petruzziello, Luca Luigi Manetti, Alessio Migneco and Veronica Ojetti
Pathogens 2024, 13(12), 1028; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13121028 - 21 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1842
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections, affecting more than 150 million people each year in the world. UTIs have grown exponentially in the last few years. They represent a major load for both individuals and society. The [...] Read more.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections, affecting more than 150 million people each year in the world. UTIs have grown exponentially in the last few years. They represent a major load for both individuals and society. The highest incidence (about 55–60%) concerns women. Many pathogens are involved in UTIs, most of which are derived from the gut. Recent studies, together with recent diagnostic techniques (such as quantitative culture of urine or next-generation sequencing), have improved the knowledge of microbial communities in the urinary tract. It turned out that gut dysbiosis is strictly involved in the pathogenesis of UTIs. In particular, the human gut is the natural habitat for Escherichia coli (E. coli), the main bacterium responsible for UTIs. The overgrowth of E. coli pathogenic strains represents a risk factor for them. Furthermore, the human gut microbiota acts as a “global reservoir” for genes conferring resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics, thus influencing the treatment of UTIs. In addition, differently from the past, the idea of a sterile urinary environment has been replaced by the characterization of a urinary microbiome. The aim of our review is to explore recent studies on the association between gut microbiota and urinary microbiome and to summarize the current knowledge about the effects of interactions between gut and urinary microbial communities in the pathogenesis of UTIs, considering UTIs more as a “gut disease” and not only a urinary disease and providing new insight into the therapeutic options such as the use of probiotics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging and Re-Emerging Bacterial Infections)
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14 pages, 1907 KiB  
Review
Emerging and Re-Emerging Pathogens in Valvular Infective Endocarditis: A Review
by Maximilian Reisinger, Mateusz Kachel and Isaac George
Pathogens 2024, 13(7), 543; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13070543 - 27 Jun 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2060
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a microbial infection of the endocardial surface, most commonly affecting native and prosthetic valves of the heart. The epidemiology and etiology of the disease have evolved significantly over the last decades. With a growing elderly population, the incidence of [...] Read more.
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a microbial infection of the endocardial surface, most commonly affecting native and prosthetic valves of the heart. The epidemiology and etiology of the disease have evolved significantly over the last decades. With a growing elderly population, the incidence of degenerative valvopathies and the use of prosthetic heart valves have increased, becoming the most important predisposing risk factors. This change in the epidemiology has caused a shift in the underlying microbiology of the disease, with Staphylococci overtaking Streptococci as the main causative pathogens. Other rarer microbes, including Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Coxiella burnetti and Brucella, have also emerged or re-emerged. Valvular IE caused by these pathogens, especially Staphylococcus aureus, is often associated with a severe clinical course, leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and management are crucial. Due to the high virulence of these pathogens and an increased incidence of antimicrobial resistances, surgical valve repair or replacement is often necessary. As the epidemiology and etiology of valvular IE continue to evolve, the diagnostic methods and therapies need to be progressively advanced to ensure satisfactory clinical outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging and Re-Emerging Bacterial Infections)
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