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Pathogens
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Host-Pathogen Interaction in Respiratory Infections of the Neonate
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Host-Pathogen Interaction in Respiratory Infections of the Neonate

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Immunological Responses and Immune Defense Mechanisms".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 2767

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Zissis C. Chroneos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicne, Hershey, PA, USA
Interests: perinatal and post-natal host defense functions of pulmonary surfacatnt; respiratory virus pathogenesis; bronchopulmonary dysplasia; pulmonary hypertension
Dr. Alison J. Carey

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Interests: Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcal infections; immunology; neonatal intensive care; infection control; influenza; respiratory viral infections; flow cytometry; neonatal sepsis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The respiratory tract consists of specialized microbial ecosystems that are seeded during and immediately after birth. Disrupted development of the respiratory microbiome early in life is associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections later in life. Viral infections early in life may increase the risk of respiratory infections in the first year of life. Lung infection remains the leading cause of infant and child death worldwide and is responsible for a significant morbidity burden. The exact mechanisms of children developing recurrent or severe respiratory tract infections while others remain healthy are still unclear. Therefore, research on this aspect is of great significance for protecting the respiratory health of newborns.

In this Special Issue, we aim to bring together researchers from across the field of pediatric medicine to submit studies that address unique aspects of host–virus interactions at the maternal–fetal interface.

This Special Issue includes but is not limited to the following topics：

  1. Placental factors in host–virus immunity;
  2. Neonatal and infant vaccination strategies;
  3. Developmental changes during early childhood in viral immunity;
  4. Effects of the microbiome on immunity in health and viral disease;
  5. Critical periods in early life for laying the foundations for future response to viral infections;
  6. Trained immunity.

Dr. Zissis C. Chroneos
Dr. Alison J. Carey
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • maternal–fetal immune interaction
  • neonate
  • respiratory infection
  • host-pathogen interaction
  • immunology

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

13 pages, 2203 KiB  
Review
The Role of the Airway and Gut Microbiome in the Development of Chronic Lung Disease of Prematurity
by Lieve Boel, David J. Gallacher, Julian R. Marchesi and Sailesh Kotecha
Pathogens 2024, 13(6), 472; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13060472 - 4 Jun 2024
Viewed by 647
Abstract
Chronic lung disease (CLD) of prematurity, a common cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm-born infants, has a multifactorial aetiology. This review summarizes the current evidence for the effect of the gut and airway microbiota on the development of CLD, highlighting the differences [...] Read more.
Chronic lung disease (CLD) of prematurity, a common cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm-born infants, has a multifactorial aetiology. This review summarizes the current evidence for the effect of the gut and airway microbiota on the development of CLD, highlighting the differences in the early colonisation patterns in preterm-born infants compared to term-born infants. Stool samples from preterm-born infants who develop CLD have less diversity than those who do not develop CLD. Pulmonary inflammation, which is a hallmark in the development of CLD, may potentially be influenced by gut bacteria. The respiratory microbiota is less abundant than the stool microbiota in preterm-born infants. There is a lack of clear evidence for the role of the respiratory microbiota in the development of CLD, with results from individual studies not replicated. A common finding is the presence of a single predominant bacterial genus in the lungs of preterm-born infants who develop CLD. Probiotic preparations have been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy to modify the gut or lung microbiota with the aim of reducing rates of CLD but additional robust evidence is required before this treatment is introduced into routine clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Host-Pathogen Interaction in Respiratory Infections of the Neonate)
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14 pages, 308 KiB  
Review
Lung Microbiota and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in the Neonatal Period
by Fermín García-Muñoz Rodrigo, Lourdes Urquía Martí, Marta Siguero Onrubia, Moreyba Borges Luján, Gloria Galán Henríquez and Desiderio Reyes Suárez
Pathogens 2024, 13(3), 220; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13030220 - 1 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1780
Abstract
The lung microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms that colonize the respiratory tract of individuals from, or even before, birth. Although the lungs were traditionally believed to be sterile, recent research has shown that there is a diversity of bacterial species in [...] Read more.
The lung microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms that colonize the respiratory tract of individuals from, or even before, birth. Although the lungs were traditionally believed to be sterile, recent research has shown that there is a diversity of bacterial species in the respiratory system. Knowledge about the lung microbiota in newborns and its relationship with bacterial infections is of vital importance to understand the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases in neonatal patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. In this article, the current evidence on the composition of the lung microbiota in newborns will be reviewed, as well as the risks that an altered microbiota can impose on premature newborns. Although advances in neonatal intensive care units have significantly improved the survival rate of preterm infants, the diagnosis and treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia has not progressed in recent decades. Avoiding dysbiosis caused by inappropriate use of antibiotics around birth, as well as avoiding intubation of patients or promoting early removal of endotracheal tubes, are among the most important preventive measures for ventilator-associated pneumonia. The potential benefit of probiotics and prebiotics in preventing infectious, allergic or metabolic complications in the short or long term is not clearly established and constitutes a very important field of research in perinatal medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Host-Pathogen Interaction in Respiratory Infections of the Neonate)
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