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Pathogens
Special Issues
Emerging and Re-emerging Infections in Pediatrics
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Emerging and Re-emerging Infections in Pediatrics

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Emerging Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2024 | Viewed by 2624

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Chryssoula Tzialla

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Neonatal and Pediatric Unit, Polo Ospedaliero Oltrepò, ASST Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Interests: infectious diseases; congenital infections; neonate; intensive care
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) and re-emerging infectious diseases (REIDs) are responsible for a significant proportion of the infectious disease outbreaks. EIDs are infectious diseases previously unknown, known diseases that occurred earlier in humans but are rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range in the last two decades, or have occurred in the past but were only recently recognized as distinct diseases caused by infectious agents. REIDs are infectious diseases that caused significant health problems during a previous time and reappear after they declined significantly. 

Many factors influence the occurrence and transmission of EIDs and REIDs. Such factors include the expanding human population, urbanization, climate change, poverty and social inequality, migration, industrial livestock production, appearance of new strains of known disease-causing pathogens, antimicrobial overuse and the development of resistance, and the breakdown in public health measures, such as sanitation and vaccination programs.

The impact of EIDs and REIDs affects many different aspects, including mortality and morbidity, economic burden, and social implications.

In this Special Issue, entitled “Emerging and Re-emerging Infections in Pediatrics”, the contributions from leading authors in the field are intended to improve our understanding regarding EIDs and REIDs in the pediatric population and to expand our knowledge of the appropriate actions to reduce their negative impact.

Dr. Chryssoula Tzialla
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • emerging infections
  • re-emerging infections
  • epidemiology
  • microbiology
  • virology
  • neonate
  • pediatric

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

19 pages, 3010 KiB  
Review
Congenital Syphilis: A Re-Emerging but Preventable Infection
by Serena Salomè, Maria Donata Cambriglia, Giovanna Montesano, Letizia Capasso and Francesco Raimondi
Pathogens 2024, 13(6), 481; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13060481 - 6 Jun 2024
Viewed by 970
Abstract
Congenital syphilis presents a significant global burden, contributing to fetal loss, stillbirth, neonatal mortality, and congenital infection. Despite the target established in 2007 by the World Health Organization (WHO) of fewer than 50 cases per 100,000 live births, the global incidence is on [...] Read more.
Congenital syphilis presents a significant global burden, contributing to fetal loss, stillbirth, neonatal mortality, and congenital infection. Despite the target established in 2007 by the World Health Organization (WHO) of fewer than 50 cases per 100,000 live births, the global incidence is on the rise, particularly in low- and middle-income regions. Recent data indicate a rate of 473 cases per 100,000 live births, resulting in 661,000 total cases of congenital syphilis, including 355,000 adverse birth outcomes such as early fetal deaths, stillbirths, neonatal deaths, preterm or low-birth-weight births, and infants with clinical congenital syphilis. Alarmingly, only 6% of these adverse outcomes occurred in mothers who were enrolled, screened, and treated. Unlike many neonatal infections, congenital syphilis is preventable through effective antenatal screening and treatment of infected pregnant women. However, despite available screening tools, affordable treatment options, and the integration of prevention programs into antenatal care in various countries, congenital syphilis remains a pressing public health concern worldwide. This review aims to summarize the current epidemiology, transmission, and treatment of syphilis in pregnancy, as well as to explore global efforts to reduce vertical transmission and address the reasons for falling short of the WHO elimination target. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging and Re-emerging Infections in Pediatrics)
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13 pages, 412 KiB  
Review
Group A Streptococcal Infections in Pediatric Age: Updates about a Re-Emerging Pathogen
by Giada Maria Di Pietro, Paola Marchisio, Pietro Bosi, Massimo Luca Castellazzi and Paul Lemieux
Pathogens 2024, 13(5), 350; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13050350 - 24 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1306
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) presents a significant global health burden due to its diverse clinical manifestations ranging from mild infections to life-threatening invasive diseases. While historically stable, the incidence of GAS infections declined during the COVID-19 pandemic but resurged following the relaxation of [...] Read more.
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) presents a significant global health burden due to its diverse clinical manifestations ranging from mild infections to life-threatening invasive diseases. While historically stable, the incidence of GAS infections declined during the COVID-19 pandemic but resurged following the relaxation of preventive measures. Despite general responsiveness to β-lactam antibiotics, there remains an urgent need for a GAS vaccine due to its substantial global disease burden, particularly in low-resource settings. Vaccine development faces numerous challenges, including the extensive strain diversity, the lack of suitable animal models for testing, potential autoimmune complications, and the need for global distribution, while addressing socioeconomic disparities in vaccine access. Several vaccine candidates are in various stages of development, offering hope for effective prevention strategies in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging and Re-emerging Infections in Pediatrics)
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