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Pathogens
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New Research on Filovirus Infections
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New Research on Filovirus Infections

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 November 2022) | Viewed by 10199

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Logan Banadyga

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
Interests: filoviruses; antiviral and vaccine development; pathogenesis; molecular virology; virus–host interactions
Dr. Andrea Marzi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Virology, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
Interests: filoviruses; vaccine development; virus–host interactions; molecular virology; pathogenesis; animal models
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Filovirus outbreaks have increased in frequency over the last decade and continue to pose a significant threat to global public health. Indeed, the unprecedented Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa resulted in nearly 30, 000 cases and over 11, 000 deaths over a period greater than two years. This outbreak was followed by several more in The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)—including the second largest on record—and both West Africa (Guinea) and the DRC are yet again facing new outbreaks of Ebola virus. In addition, the recent identification of novel filovirus sequences has expanded the filovirus family, and scientists are currently engaged in evaluating the biology of these viruses and their potential for spill-over events. There are scarce licensed vaccines and therapeutics currently available against Ebola virus, and no countermeasures have been licensed for other filoviruses. Therefore, continued efforts are needed to increase our preparedness for outbreaks caused by both known and unknown filoviruses.

In this Special Issue, we will publish reviews and research articles documenting new research on filovirus infections. Manuscripts addressing aspects of filovirus pathogenesis and human disease; the public health impact and epidemiology of filovirus outbreaks; filovirus ecology and potential reservoir species, as well as its mode of transmission; animal model development; and the status of countermeasure development, including vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics, are encouraged.

Dr. Logan Banadyga
Dr. Andrea Marzi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • filoviruses
  • Ebola virus
  • Marburg virus
  • molecular virology
  • host–pathogen interactions
  • animal models
  • vaccines
  • therapeutics
  • diagnostics

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2219 KiB  
Article
Reversion of Ebolavirus Disease from a Single Intramuscular Injection of a Pan-Ebolavirus Immunotherapeutic
by Erin Kuang, Robert W. Cross, Maria McCavitt-Malvido, Dafna M. Abelson, Viktoriya Borisevich, Lauren Stuart, Krystle N. Agans, Neil Mlakar, Arumugapradeep Marimuthu, Daniel J. Deer, William S. Shestowsky, Do Kim, Joan B. Geisbert, Larry Zeitlin, Crystal L. Moyer, Chad J. Roy, Thomas W. Geisbert and Zachary A. Bornholdt
Pathogens 2022, 11(6), 655; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11060655 - 7 Jun 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2174
Abstract
Intravenous (IV) administration of antiviral monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can be challenging, particularly during an ongoing epidemic, due to the considerable resources required for performing infusions. An ebolavirus therapeutic administered via intramuscular (IM) injection would reduce the burdens associated with IV infusion and allow [...] Read more.
Intravenous (IV) administration of antiviral monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can be challenging, particularly during an ongoing epidemic, due to the considerable resources required for performing infusions. An ebolavirus therapeutic administered via intramuscular (IM) injection would reduce the burdens associated with IV infusion and allow rapid treatment of exposed individuals during an outbreak. Here, we demonstrate how MBP134, a cocktail of two pan-ebolavirus mAbs, reverses the course of Sudan ebolavirus disease (Gulu variant) with a single IV or IM dose in non-human primates (NHPs) as late as five days post-exposure. We also investigate the utility of adding half-life extension mutations to the MBP134 mAbs, ultimately creating a half-life extended cocktail designated MBP431. When delivered as a post-exposure prophylactic or therapeutic, a single IM dose of MBP431 offered complete or significant protection in NHPs challenged with Zaire ebolavirus. In conjunction with previous studies, these results support the use of MBP431 as a rapidly deployable IM medical countermeasure against every known species of ebolavirus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research on Filovirus Infections)
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Review

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19 pages, 1792 KiB  
Review
Filoviruses: Innate Immunity, Inflammatory Cell Death, and Cytokines
by Jianlin Lu, Jessica M. Gullett and Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
Pathogens 2022, 11(12), 1400; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11121400 - 23 Nov 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 7033
Abstract
Filoviruses are a group of single-stranded negative sense RNA viruses. The most well-known filoviruses that affect humans are ebolaviruses and marburgviruses. During infection, they can cause life-threatening symptoms such as inflammation, tissue damage, and hemorrhagic fever, with case fatality rates as high as [...] Read more.
Filoviruses are a group of single-stranded negative sense RNA viruses. The most well-known filoviruses that affect humans are ebolaviruses and marburgviruses. During infection, they can cause life-threatening symptoms such as inflammation, tissue damage, and hemorrhagic fever, with case fatality rates as high as 90%. The innate immune system is the first line of defense against pathogenic insults such as filoviruses. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including toll-like receptors, retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors, C-type lectin receptors, AIM2-like receptors, and NOD-like receptors, detect pathogens and activate downstream signaling to induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines and interferons, alert the surrounding cells to the threat, and clear infected and damaged cells through innate immune cell death. However, filoviruses can modulate the host inflammatory response and innate immune cell death, causing an aberrant immune reaction. Here, we discuss how the innate immune system senses invading filoviruses and how these deadly pathogens interfere with the immune response. Furthermore, we highlight the experimental difficulties of studying filoviruses as well as the current state of filovirus-targeting therapeutics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research on Filovirus Infections)
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