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Pathogens
Special Issues
Emerging Viruses and Viral Zoonoses
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Emerging Viruses and Viral Zoonoses

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Emerging Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 2927

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Valerie Mioulet

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
The Pirbright Institute, Woking GU24 0NF, UK
Interests: virology, diagnostics, biosafety; high containment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The risk of the emergence of novel human viral pathogens originating from wild or domestic animals has been increasing over the past few decades. Because of many complex factors, such as globalization, urbanization, traveling, and climate change, humans and animals are now in more frequent contact, leading to an increased prevalence of interspecies transmission of pathogens. It is essential that we gain a greater understanding of zoonotic viruses with potential pandemic threats. The Special Issue entitled “Emerging Viruses and Viral Zoonoses” aims to present recent research concerning any aspect of zoonotic viruses. All manuscript types are welcome, including reviews, research articles, and short communications. Suggested topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • New virus discoveries;
  • Molecular characterization and genomic analysis of zoonotic viruses;
  • Virus–host interactions;
  • Diagnosis, surveillance, and control strategies
  • Epidemiological studies on zoonotic viruses.

Dr. Valerie Mioulet
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • emerging
  • zoonoses
  • virus
  • detection
  • transmission
  • diagnostics

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 4500 KiB  
Article
Establishment of a Nipah Virus Disease Model in Hamsters, including a Comparison of Intranasal and Intraperitoneal Routes of Challenge
by Stephen Findlay-Wilson, Lucy Flett, Francisco J. Salguero, Ines Ruedas-Torres, Susan Fotheringham, Linda Easterbrook, Victoria Graham and Stuart Dowall
Pathogens 2023, 12(8), 976; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12080976 - 26 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1402
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is an emerging pathogen that can cause severe respiratory illness and encephalitis in humans. The main reservoir is fruit bats, distributed across a large geographical area that includes Australia, Southeast Asia, and Africa. Incursion into humans is widely reported through [...] Read more.
Nipah virus (NiV) is an emerging pathogen that can cause severe respiratory illness and encephalitis in humans. The main reservoir is fruit bats, distributed across a large geographical area that includes Australia, Southeast Asia, and Africa. Incursion into humans is widely reported through exposure of infected pigs, ingestion of contaminated food, or through contact with an infected person. With no approved treatments or vaccines, NiV poses a threat to human public health and has epidemic potential. To aid with the assessment of emerging interventions being developed, an expansion of preclinical testing capability is required. Given variations in the model parameters observed in different sites during establishment, optimisation of challenge routes and doses is required. Upon evaluating the hamster model, an intranasal route of challenge was compared with intraperitoneal delivery, demonstrating a more rapid dissemination to wider tissues in the latter. A dose effect was observed between those causing respiratory illness and those resulting in neurological disease. The data demonstrate the successful establishment of the hamster model of NiV disease for subsequent use in the evaluation of vaccines and antivirals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Viruses and Viral Zoonoses)
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Review

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13 pages, 611 KiB  
Review
Avian Influenza A Viruses Modulate the Cellular Cytoskeleton during Infection of Mammalian Hosts
by Flora De Conto
Pathogens 2024, 13(3), 249; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13030249 - 14 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1180
Abstract
Influenza is one of the most prevalent causes of death worldwide. Influenza A viruses (IAVs) naturally infect various avian and mammalian hosts, causing seasonal epidemics and periodic pandemics with high morbidity and mortality. The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic showed how an animal virus strain [...] Read more.
Influenza is one of the most prevalent causes of death worldwide. Influenza A viruses (IAVs) naturally infect various avian and mammalian hosts, causing seasonal epidemics and periodic pandemics with high morbidity and mortality. The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic showed how an animal virus strain could unpredictably acquire the ability to infect humans with high infection transmissibility. Importantly, highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses (AIVs) may cause human infections with exceptionally high mortality. Because these latter infections pose a pandemic potential, analyzing the ecology and evolution features of host expansion helps to identify new broad-range therapeutic strategies. Although IAVs are the prototypic example of molecular strategies that capitalize on their coding potential, the outcome of infection depends strictly on the complex interactions between viral and host cell factors. Most of the studies have focused on the influenza virus, while the contribution of host factors remains largely unknown. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of mammals’ host response to AIV infection is crucial. This review sheds light on the involvement of the cellular cytoskeleton during the highly pathogenic AIV infection of mammalian hosts, allowing a better understanding of its modulatory role, which may be relevant to therapeutic interventions for fatal disease prevention and pandemic management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Viruses and Viral Zoonoses)
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