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Photonics
Special Issues
Adaptive Optics: Methods and Applications
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Adaptive Optics: Methods and Applications

A special issue of Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical Interaction Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2024) | Viewed by 3596

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sicong He

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
Interests: adaptive optics in microscopy; nonlinear optical microscopy; multiphoton fluorescence microscopy; deep tissue imaging; retinal imaging; computational optical imaging

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Since the first scientific application of Adaptive Optics technology, with COME-ON (Rigault et al., A&A, 250, 280 (1991)) on the 3.6 m ESO telescope in 1989, the scientific results enabled by this technology have grown dramatically. Currently, all major telescopes (VLT, Keck, CFHT, Gemini, Subaru, LBT) are equipped with Adaptive Optics systems, which make future giant telescopes feasible, such as the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT), the Thirty-Meter Telescope (TMT), and the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT). The aim of Adaptive Optics correction is to remove the effects of atmospheric distortion and concentrate the light of the Point Spread Function (PSF) to a nearly diffraction-limited core to improve the angular resolution and the signal-to-noise ratio.

Currently, Adaptive Optics has found interesting applications in other domains outside of astronomy, such as laser communication systems, microscopy, and retinal imaging systems. The aim of this Special Issue is to bring together leading experts worldwide that employ cutting-edge adaptive optics technologies for applications in a variety of research fields.

Dr. Sicong He
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Photonics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • adaptive optics in astronomical instrumentation
  • adaptive optics for microscopy
  • adaptive optics applications
  • existing and future adaptive optics systems
  • artificial beacons for wavefront sensing
  • machine learning in adaptive optics
  • control algorithms
  • adaptive optics systems modeling and simulations
  • wavefront sensing and sensors
  • wavefront correction and correctors
  • real-time control systems
  • characterization and forecasting of wavefront disturbances
  • post-processing for AO-corrected instrument data

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2782 KiB  
Article
Richardson–Lucy Iterative Blind Deconvolution with Gaussian Total Variation Constraints for Space Extended Object Images
by Shiping Guo, Yi Lu and Yibin Li
Photonics 2024, 11(6), 576; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11060576 - 20 Jun 2024
Viewed by 523
Abstract
In ground-based astronomical observations or artificial space target detections, images obtained from a ground-based telescope are severely distorted due to atmospheric turbulence. The distortion can be partially compensated by employing adaptive optics (pre-detection compensation), image restoration techniques (post-detection compensation), or a combination of [...] Read more.
In ground-based astronomical observations or artificial space target detections, images obtained from a ground-based telescope are severely distorted due to atmospheric turbulence. The distortion can be partially compensated by employing adaptive optics (pre-detection compensation), image restoration techniques (post-detection compensation), or a combination of both (hybrid compensation). This paper focuses on the improvement of the most commonly used practical post-processing techniques, Richardson–Lucy (R–L) iteration blind deconvolution, which is studied in detail and improved as follows: First, the total variation (TV) norm is redefined using the Gaussian gradient magnitude and a set scheme for regularization parameter selection is proposed. Second, the Gaussian TV constraint is proposed to impose to the R–L algorithm. Last, the Gaussian TV R–L (GRL) iterative blind deconvolution method is finally presented, in which the restoration precision is visually increased and the convergence property is considerably improved. The performance of the proposed GRL method is tested by both simulation experiments and observed field data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adaptive Optics: Methods and Applications)
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11 pages, 1942 KiB  
Article
Adaptive Optics Methods to Rat Eye Properties: Impact of Pupil Diameter on Wavefront Detection
by Wen Kong, Jiangjie Huang, Yi He and Guohua Shi
Photonics 2024, 11(4), 359; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11040359 - 12 Apr 2024
Viewed by 979
Abstract
Achieving a high-quality wavefront sensing light spot and accurate wavefront estimation of the rat eye is still challenging due to its large ocular aberrations and the back reflections from fundus multilayer. Simulation and experiments of rat eye wavefront sensing are conducted to improve [...] Read more.
Achieving a high-quality wavefront sensing light spot and accurate wavefront estimation of the rat eye is still challenging due to its large ocular aberrations and the back reflections from fundus multilayer. Simulation and experiments of rat eye wavefront sensing are conducted to improve the quality of sensing spot for accurate wavefront estimation. The simulation results show that a smaller pupil diameter leads to a high quality of wavefront sensing light spot, and the model rat eye reaches diffractive limitation when the pupil diameter is 0.8 mm. However, the experimental results indicate a different conclusion. Consistent with the simulation results, the quality of the sensing light spot significantly improves when the pupil diameter decreases from 3.6 mm to 1.8 mm. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the sensing light spots decreases from 77.36 ± 8.95 μm to 26.78 ± 3.25 μm, and the calculated Strehl ratio increases from 0.007 to 0.396. As the pupil diameter continues to decrease to 1.2 mm, the sensing spot and calculated Strehl ratio continue to improve, while the detected low-order aberrations exhibit a significant increase in both value and variance. This observation suggests that using a half-filled pupil for rat wavefront detection may be a more favorable choice, which assists in obtaining high-resolution retinal images in the rat eye using adaptive optics technology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adaptive Optics: Methods and Applications)
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21 pages, 10673 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study on Partially Coherent Optical Coherent Detection
by Jingyuan Liang, Yi Mu, Xizheng Ke and Meimiao Han
Photonics 2024, 11(2), 160; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11020160 - 7 Feb 2024
Viewed by 925
Abstract
When coherent detection occurs, the polarization mismatch between signal light and local oscillator light can reduce the efficiency of coherent detection. This article combines the principle of optical mixers to derive the relationship between the polarization state and mixing efficiency of signal light [...] Read more.
When coherent detection occurs, the polarization mismatch between signal light and local oscillator light can reduce the efficiency of coherent detection. This article combines the principle of optical mixers to derive the relationship between the polarization state and mixing efficiency of signal light and local oscillator light, and builds an experimental platform for the coherent detection of a partially coherent electromagnetic Gaussian Schell beam (EGSM). Polarization devices are used to regulate the polarization state of the signal EGSM light and local oscillator EGSM light, and different polarization states of the EGSM beams are generated. When the output power of the signal light is constant, the mixing efficiency is measured according to the output amplitude of the intermediate frequency signal. This experiment found that when the signal light is in a linearly polarized state and the local oscillator light is in a linearly polarized state, a circularly polarized state, or an elliptically polarized state, the amplitude of the intermediate frequency signal is 369.6 mv, 146.6 mv, or 92.1 mv, respectively. When the signal light is in a circularly polarized state, the amplitude of the intermediate frequency signal is 446.4 mv, 504.0 mv, or 159.2 mv, respectively. When the signal light is in an elliptical polarization state, the amplitude of the intermediate frequency signal is 94.4 mv, 124.0 mv, or 254.8 mv, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adaptive Optics: Methods and Applications)
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Review

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25 pages, 34540 KiB  
Review
High-Resolution Retinal Imaging: Technology Overview and Applications
by Mircea Mujat, R. Daniel Ferguson, Daniel X. Hammer, Ankit H. Patel and Nicusor Iftimia
Photonics 2024, 11(6), 522; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11060522 - 30 May 2024
Viewed by 568
Abstract
Adaptive optics (AO) has been used in many applications, including astronomy, microscopy, and medical imaging. In retinal imaging, AO provides real-time correction of the aberrations introduced by the cornea and the lens to facilitate diffraction-limited imaging of retinal microstructures. Most importantly, AO-based retinal [...] Read more.
Adaptive optics (AO) has been used in many applications, including astronomy, microscopy, and medical imaging. In retinal imaging, AO provides real-time correction of the aberrations introduced by the cornea and the lens to facilitate diffraction-limited imaging of retinal microstructures. Most importantly, AO-based retinal imagers provide cellular-level resolution and quantification of changes induced by retinal diseases and systemic diseases that manifest in the eye enabling disease diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression or the efficacy of treatments. In this paper, we present an overview of our team efforts over almost two decades to develop high-resolution retinal imagers suitable for clinical use. Several different types of imagers for human and small animal eye imaging are reviewed, and representative results from multiple studies using these instruments are shown. These examples demonstrate the extraordinary power of AO-based retinal imaging to reveal intricate details of morphological and functional characteristics of the retina and to help elucidate important aspects of vision and of the disruptions that affect delicate retinal tissue. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adaptive Optics: Methods and Applications)
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