Clinical Translation of Novel Photonics Technologies: From Fundamental Research to Clinical Practice

A special issue of Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732). This special issue belongs to the section "Biophotonics and Biomedical Optics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 May 2024) | Viewed by 4016

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade de Taubate , Taubate, Brazil
Interests: cancer biology; Raman spectroscopy; FTIR analysis; FT-Raman; gingivitis; periodontal cyst; spectroscopy; principal component analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

For this Special Issue, we welcome contributions of original articles and reviews from researchers working on biophotonics approaches for biomedical applications. Recent advances in (bio)photonics technologies have widely increased the clinical translation of molecular diagnostics and light treatments, improving patient prognoses and overall survival rates.

In applied research and clinical practice, these advances combine ultraviolet light, both visible and infrared through to the terahertz region, in order to enable disease detection through screening, identification, and localization; such technologies can guide surgeries, enable the planning and monitoring of treatments, and assist in the prediction of treatment outcomes.

In basic biology research, biophotonics has been used to study the physical and chemical properties of biofluids, cells, 3D cell cultures/engineered tissues, and ex vivo and in vivo tissues; such approaches assist our understanding of the biological/biochemical processes which cause diseases, promote photobiomodulation, control the mechanisms of cell death, and mediate immunologic and metabolic responses.

In basic physics and chemistry research, biophotonics encompasses research of material properties and their interactions with biological systems, including the properties of nano- and microparticles and pharmaceutical formulations (emulsions, gels, lotions, moisturizers, and others) for diagnostics, treatments, and theranostics. This research extends to the properties of the contrast agents which are often used in multiple surgical procedures or in enhancing the microscopic/nanoscopic visualization of cellular and subcellular processes.

In basic physics, engineering, and computational research, biophotonics includes simulations of light propagation in complex media, such as tissues, as well as simulations of device interactions with biological systems for instrument design and to determine the feasibility of next-generation miniaturized sensors; these can be used in wearables and smartphone detectors for biological applications.

Biophotonics has overlaps with many other fields. For example, in mathematics, biophotonics has applications in statistics for artificial intelligence, machine learning, and multivariate analysis, enabling the automation of analysis and allowing real-time sampling and/or biomarker identification, patient stratification, and high-throughput screening.

This Special Issue welcomes original articles and reviews addressing the aforementioned biophotonics research domains. This Special Issue plans to assist in enabling clinical translation and to present breakthroughs in fundamental research. We also welcome feasibility studies with small numbers of patients, on the condition that the results support the conclusions drawn by the authors and the study limitations are acknowledged. Finally, we require that submissions are focused on biomedical applications.

Dr. Marcelo Saito Nogueira
Prof. Dr. Luis Felipe C. S. Carvalho
Guest Editors

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 1960 KiB  
Article
High-Wavenumber Infrared Spectroscopy of Blood Plasma for Pre-Eclampsia Detection with Machine Learning
by Gabriela Reganin Monteiro, Sara Maria Santos Dias da Silva, Jaqueline Maria Brandão Rizzato, Simone de Lima Silva, Sheila Cavalca Cortelli, Rodrigo Augusto Silva, Marcelo Saito Nogueira and Luis Felipe das Chagas e Silva de Carvalho
Photonics 2024, 11(10), 937; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11100937 - 5 Oct 2024
Viewed by 817
Abstract
Early detection of pre-eclampsia is challenging due to the low sensitivity and specificity of current clinical methods and biomarkers. This study investigates the potential of high-wavenumber FTIR spectroscopy (region between 2800 and 3600 cm−1) as an innovative diagnostic approach capable of [...] Read more.
Early detection of pre-eclampsia is challenging due to the low sensitivity and specificity of current clinical methods and biomarkers. This study investigates the potential of high-wavenumber FTIR spectroscopy (region between 2800 and 3600 cm−1) as an innovative diagnostic approach capable of providing comprehensive biochemical insights with minimal sample preparation. Blood samples were collected from 33 pregnant women and their corresponding 33 newborns during induction or spontaneous labor. By analyzing the dried blood plasma samples, we identified biomarkers associated with FTIR vibrational modes, including 2853.6 cm−1 (CH2 stretching in lipids), 2873.0 cm−1 (CH3 stretching in lipids and proteins), and 3279.7 cm−1 (O–H stretching related to water and proteins). Machine learning classification revealed 76.3% ± 3.5% sensitivity and 56.1% ± 4.4% specificity in distinguishing between pre-eclamptic and non-pre-eclamptic pregnant women, along with 79.0% ± 3.5% sensitivity and 76.9% ± 6.2% specificity for newborns. The overall accuracy for classifying all pregnant women and newborns was 71.8% ± 2.5%. The results indicate that high-wavenumber FTIR spectroscopy can enhance classification performance when combined with other analytical methods. Our findings suggest that investigating hydrophilic sites may complement plasma analysis in clinical settings. Full article
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14 pages, 4293 KiB  
Article
A Highly Sensitive Plasmonic Graphene-Based Structure for Deoxyribonucleic Acid Detection
by Zohre Salehnezhad, Mohammad Soroosh and Haraprasad Mondal
Photonics 2024, 11(6), 549; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11060549 - 9 Jun 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1204
Abstract
In this study, a Kretschmann structure with a hybrid layer of graphene–WS2 is designed to develop a sensitive biosensor for deoxyribonucleic acid detection. The biosensor incorporates a 45 nm gold layer as the active layer and a thin film of chrome as [...] Read more.
In this study, a Kretschmann structure with a hybrid layer of graphene–WS2 is designed to develop a sensitive biosensor for deoxyribonucleic acid detection. The biosensor incorporates a 45 nm gold layer as the active layer and a thin film of chrome as the adhesive layer. Through the optimization of the graphene and WS2 layers, combined with the implementation of a silicon layer, we can enhance the nano-sensor’s sensitivity. The thin silicon layer acts as a protective barrier for the metal, while also increasing the volume of interaction. Consequently, by adjusting the thickness of the active metal and adding a silicon layer, we achieve higher sensitivity and a lower full width at half maximum, leading to sensitivity of 333.33°/RIU. The designed structure is analyzed using numerical techniques and the finite difference time domain method, allowing us to obtain the optical characteristics of the surface plasmon polariton sensor. Various parameters are calculated and evaluated to determine the optimal conditions for the sensor. Furthermore, the total size of the sensor is 2.228 µm2. Full article
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12 pages, 4348 KiB  
Article
Caries Preventive Action of Nd:YAG and Fluoride in Three Different pH Conditions: FTIR Spectroscopy and SEM Evaluation
by Amanda Caramel-Juvino, Nathalia A. Zanini, Sabrina Gardiano Avelino, Yasmin Reis Fontes-Oliveira, Gleice Conceição Mendonça Germano, Carlos de Paula Eduardo and Denise Maria Zezell
Photonics 2023, 10(9), 985; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10090985 - 29 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1346
Abstract
This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the preventive action of topical fluoride application combined with laser irradiation under different pH conditions using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). A total of 180 samples of human dental enamel were [...] Read more.
This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the preventive action of topical fluoride application combined with laser irradiation under different pH conditions using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). A total of 180 samples of human dental enamel were prepared and divided into groups: Negative Control, Fluoride (FFA 12.300 µF/g), Laser (Nd:YAG 84.9 J/cm2), and Laser + Fluoride (Nd:YAG 84.9 J/cm2 + FFA 12.300 µF/g). The pH cycling was performed at three different pH conditions: pH 5 (below the critical pH for hydroxyapatite), pH 4.5 (below the critical pH in the presence of fluorapatite), and pH 4 (investigating acid resistance of hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite forms with laser irradiation). In the FTIR analysis, the Laser + Fluoride group demonstrated statistically significant differences compared to the Negative Control group and Fluoride group at pH 4.5 and pH 4 when evaluating the phosphate bands. Similar results were observed in the SEM analysis, where the Laser + Fluoride group exhibited lower demineralization compared to the other treatments at pH 4.5 and pH 4. In conclusion, the Laser + Fluoride group demonstrated a significant reduction in demineralization even at pH levels below the critical threshold for fluorapatite, highlighting its superior acid resistance compared to fluoride alone. Full article
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