Progress in Freeform Optical Design and Future Prospects

A special issue of Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 732

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
Interests: optical design; freeform optics; diffractive optics; ultra-precision optical manufacturing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Freeform optics, as an essential branch of modern optical technology, plays an increasingly crucial role in imaging systems, lighting engineering, augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR), and cutting-edge scientific research. Its unique asymmetry and flexibility provide broad possibilities for realizing complex optical functions, enhancing system performance, and advancing new optical technologies. As application demands continue to grow, freeform optical design not only requires precise model and optimization algorithms, but also faces challenges in advanced manufacturing, precise measurement, and application dissemination.

To overcome these challenges, continuous innovation in the manufacturing technology of freeform surfaces is necessary to meet the demands for accurate processing of complex shapes. At the same time, high-precision measuring technology is critical to ensuring that the designed freeform optical components achieve the expected optical performance. Additionally, as the technology of freeform surfaces develops and matures, its applications in optoelectronics, biomedical imaging, and other fields are expanding, demonstrating the broad potential of freeform optical design in practical industry and scientific research.

This Special Issue is dedicated to gathering the latest advancements and future trends in the field of freeform optical design. We welcome submissions related to theoretical research, numerical simulations, and experimental validations. Topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Design theories and optimization methods for freeform optical systems;
  • Applications of freeform surfaces in imaging, lighting, and AR/VR technologies;
  • Error analysis and tolerance design in freeform optical systems;
  • Design and implementation of optical systems based on freeform surfaces;
  • Integration of freeform optics with computational optics;
  • High-precision manufacturing methods for freeform optical components;
  • Innovative methods for the characterization and mathematical modeling of freeform surfaces;
  • Frontier explorations in freeform design for high-performance optical instruments;
  • Measurement technologies for freeform surfaces;
  • Applications of freeform optical systems.

Prof. Dr. Changxi Xue
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • freeform optics
  • optical design
  • optical manufacturing
  • optical measurement

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 3945 KiB  
Article
Adaptive Construction of Freeform Surface to Integrable Ray Mapping Using Implicit Fixed-Point Iteration
by Jiahua Chen, Yangui Zhou, Hexiang He and Yongyao Li
Photonics 2025, 12(2), 134; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12020134 - 4 Feb 2025
Viewed by 560
Abstract
Constructing a freeform surface that accurately satisfies both integrable condition and Snell’s law under a given invariant source–target map is challenging for freeform design. Here, we propose a fixed-point iteration method to address this problem. This process involves solving a set of balanced [...] Read more.
Constructing a freeform surface that accurately satisfies both integrable condition and Snell’s law under a given invariant source–target map is challenging for freeform design. Here, we propose a fixed-point iteration method to address this problem. This process involves solving a set of balanced gradient equations in the form of fixed-point iterations that are derived from equivalent integrability conditions and Snell’s law. By using the convergence theorem of fixed-point iteration, a unique solution for the balanced gradient equations exists, which is determined by the natural geometric properties of the freeform surface and is independent of the mapping. The gradient operators on the left-hand side of the equations are converted into a differential matrix form via a finite difference scheme. In one iteration, differential operations are forward-performed on the right-hand side of the equations, and the system of linear equations is solved on the left-hand side of the equation. The constructed freeform surfaces work well in both the paraxial and nonparaxial regions, and convergence in the nonparaxial region is faster than that in the paraxial region. The robustness and high efficiency of the proposed method are demonstrated with several design examples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress in Freeform Optical Design and Future Prospects)
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