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Plasma
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Processes in Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas
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Processes in Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas

A special issue of Plasma (ISSN 2571-6182).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2024) | Viewed by 4436

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Dariusz Z. Korzec

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Relyon Plasma GmbH, Regensburg, Germany
Interests: plasma; surface modification; surface coating; experimental physics; plasma physics; materials science; chemical vapor deposition; sputtering; plasma diagnostics; thin film deposition; atmospheric pressure plasma jets; piezoelectric direct discharge
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Maik Froehlich

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Leupold Institute of Applied Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, Kornmarkt 1, 08056 Zwickau, Germany
Interests: coating; thin film deposition; thin films; plasma physics; oxidation; materials engineering; alloys; microstructure; materials; materials science

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Different types of atmospheric-pressure plasma are applied not only in classical fields, such as material research, diagnostics, or industrial production, but also in novel approaches in food and seed science and medicine, including wound healing, dentistry, sterilization, odor control, and many others. The most frequently used methods for atmospheric pressure plasma generation include:

  • Different atmospheric-pressure plasma jets based on kHz DBD, radio frequency, microwaves, and pulsed arcs, operated with different gases.
  • Dielectric barrier discharges, including surface barrier discharges, coplanar surface barrier discharges, and atmospheric-pressure glow operated with noble gases or their mixtures with oxygen or hydrogen.
  • Piezoelectric direct discharge, used both in ambient air and in the wall-specified gas mixtures of nitrogen, oxygen, synthetic air, or compressed dried air.
  • Corona discharges, especially positive pulsed corona.

A focus of recent research is the interaction of plasma with liquids or humid environments, including the production of plasma-activated water (PAW) or plasma-activated liquids in general. Despite progress in this area, the mechanisms of interaction of different types of plasma with humidity, liquids, and materials are not fully understood in all cases. Many physical and chemical processes crucial for successful implementation require better explanations, modelling, predictions, and clarifications. This Special Issue of Plasma presents an opportunity for both scholars and researchers from various national and international institutions to present their progress in these fields. You are welcome to submit your original papers for peer review

Dr. Dariusz Z. Korzec
Prof. Dr. Maik Froehlich
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plasma is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • atmospheric-pressure plasma
  • cold atmospheric plasma
  • atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ)
  • dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)
  • pulsed corona
  • ozone
  • nitrogen oxides
  • peroxide
  • humidity
  • plasma-activated water (PAW)

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 4062 KiB  
Article
Parametrization of Fluid Models for Electrical Breakdown of Nitrogen at Atmospheric Pressure
by Shirshak Kumar Dhali
Plasma 2024, 7(3), 721-732; https://doi.org/10.3390/plasma7030037 - 10 Sep 2024
Viewed by 309
Abstract
In the transient phase of an atmospheric pressure discharge, the avalanche turns into a streamer discharge with time. Hydrodynamic fluid models are frequently used to describe the formation and propagation of streamers, where charge particle transport is dominated by the creation of space [...] Read more.
In the transient phase of an atmospheric pressure discharge, the avalanche turns into a streamer discharge with time. Hydrodynamic fluid models are frequently used to describe the formation and propagation of streamers, where charge particle transport is dominated by the creation of space charge. The required electron transport data and rate coefficients for the fluid model are parameterized using the local mean energy approximation (LMEA) and the local field approximation (LFA). In atmospheric pressure applications, the excited species produced in the electrical discharge determine the subsequent conversion chemistry. We performed the fluid model simulation of streamers in nitrogen gas at atmospheric pressure using three different parametrizations for transport and electron excitation rate data. We present the spatial and temporal development of several macroscopic properties such as electron density and energy, and the electric field during the transient phase. The species production efficiency, which is important to understand the efficacy of any application of non-thermal plasmas, is also obtained for the three different parametrizations. Our results suggest that at atmospheric pressure, all three schemes predicted essentially the same macroscopic properties. Therefore, a lower-order method such as LFA, which does not require the solution of the energy conservation equation, should be adequate to determine streamer macroscopic properties to inform most plasma-assisted applications of nitrogen-containing gases at atmospheric pressure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processes in Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas)
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15 pages, 8648 KiB  
Article
Influence of Voltage Rising Time on the Characteristics of a Pulsed Discharge in Air in Contact with Water: Experimental and 2D Fluid Simulation Study
by Antoine Herrmann, Joëlle Margot and Ahmad Hamdan
Plasma 2024, 7(3), 616-630; https://doi.org/10.3390/plasma7030032 - 5 Aug 2024
Viewed by 469
Abstract
In the context of plasma–liquid interactions, the phase of discharge ignition is of great importance as it may influence the properties of the produced plasma. Herein, we investigated the influence of voltage rising time (τrise) on discharge [...] Read more.
In the context of plasma–liquid interactions, the phase of discharge ignition is of great importance as it may influence the properties of the produced plasma. Herein, we investigated the influence of voltage rising time (τrise) on discharge ignition in air as well as on discharge propagation on the surface of water. Experimentally, τrise was adjusted to 0.1, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 kV/ns using a nanosecond high-voltage pulser, and discharges were characterized using voltage/current probes and an ICCD camera. Faster ignition, higher breakdown voltage, and greater discharge current (peak value) were observed at higher τrise. ICCD images revealed that higher τrise also promoted the formation of more filaments, with increased radial propagation over the water surface. To further understand these discharges, a previously developed 2D fluid model was used to simulate discharge ignition and propagation under various τrise conditions. The simulation provided the spatiotemporal evolution of the E-field, electron density, and surface charge density. The trend of the simulated position of the ionization front is similar to that observed experimentally. Furthermore, rapid vertical propagation (<1 ns) of the discharge towards the liquid surface was observed. As τrise increased, the velocity of discharge propagation towards the liquid increased. Higher τrise values also led to more charges in the ionization front propagating at the water surface. The discharge ceased to propagate when the charge number in the ionization front reached 0.5 × 108 charges, irrespective of the τrise value. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processes in Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas)
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31 pages, 14363 KiB  
Article
Hybrid Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor: Characterization for Ozone Production
by Dariusz Korzec, Florian Freund, Christian Bäuml, Patrik Penzkofer and Stefan Nettesheim
Plasma 2024, 7(3), 585-615; https://doi.org/10.3390/plasma7030031 - 27 Jul 2024
Viewed by 582
Abstract
The generation of ozone by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is widely used for water and wastewater treatment, the control of catalytic reactions, and surface treatment. Recently, a need for compact, effective, and economical ozone and reactive oxygen–nitrogen species (RONS) generators for medical, biological, [...] Read more.
The generation of ozone by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is widely used for water and wastewater treatment, the control of catalytic reactions, and surface treatment. Recently, a need for compact, effective, and economical ozone and reactive oxygen–nitrogen species (RONS) generators for medical, biological, and agricultural applications has been observed. In this study, a novel hybrid DBD (HDBD) reactor fulfilling such requirements is presented. Its structured high-voltage (HV) electrode allows for the ignition of both the surface and volume microdischarges contributing to plasma generation. A Peltier module cooling of the dielectric barrier, made of alumina, allows for the efficient control of plasma chemistry. The typical electrical power consumption of this device is below 30 W. The operation frequency of the DBD driver oscillating in the auto-resonance mode is from 20 to 40 kHz. The specific energy input (SEI) of the reactor was controlled by the DBD driver input voltage in the range from 10.5 to 18.0 V, the Peltier current from 0 to 4.5 A, the duty cycle of the pulse-width modulated (PWM) power varied from 0 to 100%, and the gas flow from 0.5 to 10 SLM. The operation with oxygen, synthetic air, and compressed dry air (CDA) was characterized. The ultraviolet light (UV) absorption technique was implemented for the measurement of the ozone concentration. The higher harmonics of the discharge current observed in the frequency range of 5 to 50 MHz were used for monitoring the discharge net power. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processes in Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas)
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15 pages, 4379 KiB  
Article
Polystyrene (PS) Degradation Induced by Nanosecond Electric Discharge in Air in Contact with PS/Water
by Aurélie Zamo, Catherine Rond and Ahmad Hamdan
Plasma 2024, 7(1), 49-63; https://doi.org/10.3390/plasma7010004 - 16 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1857
Abstract
Water pollution with microplastics has become a significant concern. Conventional treatment methods have proven ineffective, and alternatives are being explored. Herein, we assess the degradation efficiency of polystyrene (PS) by measuring its nanosecond discharge in air in contact with water. Its discharge is [...] Read more.
Water pollution with microplastics has become a significant concern. Conventional treatment methods have proven ineffective, and alternatives are being explored. Herein, we assess the degradation efficiency of polystyrene (PS) by measuring its nanosecond discharge in air in contact with water. Its discharge is characterized during processing, and a transition from streamer-like to spark-like discharge occurs due to the increased electrical conductivity of water. Experiments are conducted at different frequencies, and the highest degradation is achieved at 10 kHz; an 83% polystyrene weight loss is recorded after 5 min of processing. The optical spectra of the discharge show no evidence of C-species, and an FTIR analysis of the processed polystyrene reveals no structural modifications. An NMR analysis shows the presence of ethylbenzene in water. Finally, a mechanism of PS degradation is proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processes in Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas)
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