Piezoelectric, Flexoelectric and Electrostrictive Effects in Polymers: From Material Synthesis to Practical Applications

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2020) | Viewed by 9416

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Institut d'Electronique et des Télécommunications de Rennes, Université de Nantes, 44322 Nantes, France
Interests: elaboration and characterization of flexible electroactive polymers for multi-physics coupling; applications: integration of functional materials in complex radiating systems (tunable polymer-based antennas) and energy harvesting/sensing/actuating devices

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The piezoelectric effect is among the most exploited transduction mechanisms for multiscale electromechanical applications, such as actuation and sensing (e.g., pressure/curvature sensing). Despite the piezoelectric coefficients of polymeric materials like the reference polymer polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF and related copolymers being lower than those of their rigid oxide-based counterparts (ceramics, single crystals), soft organic films remain attractive owing to their specific intrinsic assets like easier and low cost processability, lightweight, conformability, and flexibility. In addition, their low acoustic and electrical impedances are advantageous for developing biocompatible applications such as wearable sensory devices and smart textiles and possibly low frequency ambient mechanical energy harvesting.

However, two other electromechanical couplings present in all dielectric polymers are also of interest, even if relatively understudied in comparison with piezoelectricity: electrostriction and flexoelectricity, which may provide in specific cases an alternative route for electric field activated actuation and strain (gradient)-induced electric polarization, respectively, especially at small (nano/micro) scales.

Thus, the aim of this Special Issue is to provide a current state of the art of the so-called electroactive polymers presenting intrinsic electromechanical coupling, in view of developing the next generation of polymer-based shapeable mechanical transducers. To that end, cutting-edge research articles presenting (but not limited to) recent innovative aspects in the topic are solicited in the following fields:

  • Synthesis of new electroactive polymer formulations and related composites (particulate, multilayer, compositionally graded, etc.);
  • Structural characterization; strategies for enhancing electromechanical response;
  • Fabrication methods of polymer films;
  • Computational studies;
  • Modeling and experimental determination of the structure–property relationships;
  • Evaluation of the actuation/sensing/energy harvesting abilities of the electromechanically coupled polymers;

Integration of polymers in practical applications.

Prof. Benoit Guiffard
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • Practical purposes
  • Structure-property relationships
  • Polymer film
  • Piezoelectricity
  • Electrostriction
  • Flexoelectricity
  • Synthesis
  • Modeling
  • Actuation
  • Sensing
  • Energy harvesting

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 7565 KiB  
Article
Fabrication of Piezoelectric PVDF/PAR Composites Using a Sheath-Core Fiber Method
by Min Hong Jeon, Yu Rim Lee, Hyeon Soo Lim, Jong Sung Won and Seung Goo Lee
Polymers 2020, 12(10), 2214; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12102214 - 27 Sep 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2534
Abstract
We report the preparation of sheath-core type fibers made from poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and polyarylate (PAR) using melt conjugate spinning to fabricate piezolectric composites. The morphology of this sheath-core fiber was determined through scanning electron microscopy. Subsequently, by the compression molding of the [...] Read more.
We report the preparation of sheath-core type fibers made from poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and polyarylate (PAR) using melt conjugate spinning to fabricate piezolectric composites. The morphology of this sheath-core fiber was determined through scanning electron microscopy. Subsequently, by the compression molding of the PVDF/PAR sheath-core fiber assembly, we fabricated PVDF/PAR composites exhibiting piezoelectric properties. For enhancing the piezoelectric properties, we increased the concentration of PVDF β-crystalline phase in the PVDF/PAR composite through poling post-treatments. The resulting crystal structure of PVDF was confirmed through infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. A universal testing machine was employed to measure the tensile properties of the PVDF/PAR composites. Finally, through a hydrothermal growing method, ZnO was coated on the composite surface to enhance the piezoelectric properties, which were subsequently optimized by varying the hydrothermal growing conditions. Full article
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24 pages, 13466 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Piezoelectricity and Resistivity of Surface Modified Barium Titanate Nanocomposites
by Udhay Sundar, Zichen Lao and Kimberly Cook-Chennault
Polymers 2019, 11(12), 2123; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11122123 - 17 Dec 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4245
Abstract
Polymer-ceramic nanocomposite piezoelectric and dielectric films are of interest because of their possible application to advanced embedded energy storage devices for printed wired electrical boards. The incompatibility of the two constituent materials; hydrophilic ceramic filler, and hydrophobic epoxy limit the filler concentration, and [...] Read more.
Polymer-ceramic nanocomposite piezoelectric and dielectric films are of interest because of their possible application to advanced embedded energy storage devices for printed wired electrical boards. The incompatibility of the two constituent materials; hydrophilic ceramic filler, and hydrophobic epoxy limit the filler concentration, and thus, their piezoelectric properties. This work aims to understand the role of surfactant concentration in establishing meaningful interfacial layers between the epoxy and ceramic filler particles by observing particle surface morphology, piezoelectric strain coefficients, and resistivity spectra. A comprehensive study of nanocomposites, comprising non-treated and surface treated barium titanate (BTO), embedded within an epoxy matrix, was performed. The surface treatments were performed with two types of coupling agents: Ethanol and 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilan. The observations of particle agglomeration, piezoelectric strain coefficients, and resistivity were compared, where the most ideal properties were found for concentrations of 0.02 and 0.025. This work demonstrates that the interfacial core-shell processing layer concentration influences the macroscopic properties of nanocomposites, and the opportunities for tuning interfacial layers for desirable characteristics of specific applications. Full article
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24 pages, 5586 KiB  
Article
One-Dimensional Theoretical Solution and Two-Dimensional Numerical Simulation for Functionally-Graded Piezoelectric Cantilever Beams with Different Properties in Tension and Compression
by Xiao-Ting He, Zhi-Xin Yang, Hong-Xia Jing and Jun-Yi Sun
Polymers 2019, 11(11), 1728; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11111728 - 23 Oct 2019
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2093
Abstract
The existing studies indicate polymers will present obviously different properties in tension and compression (bimodular effect) which is generally ignored because of the complexity of the analysis. In this study, a functionally graded piezoelectric cantilever beam with bimodular effect was investigated via analytical [...] Read more.
The existing studies indicate polymers will present obviously different properties in tension and compression (bimodular effect) which is generally ignored because of the complexity of the analysis. In this study, a functionally graded piezoelectric cantilever beam with bimodular effect was investigated via analytical and numerical methods, respectively, in which a one-dimensional theoretical solution was derived by neglecting some unimportant factors and a two-dimensional numerical simulation was performed based on the model of tension-compression subarea. A full comparison was made to show the rationality of one-dimensional theoretical solution and two-dimensional numerical simulation. The result indicates that the layered model of tension-compression subarea also makes it possible to use numerical technique to simulate the problem of functionally graded piezoelectric cantilever beam with bimodular effect. Besides, the modulus of elasticity E* and the bending stiffness D* proposed in the one-dimensional problem may succinctly describe the piezoelectric effect on the classical mechanical problem without electromechanical coupling, which shows the advantages of one-dimensional solution in engineering applications, especially in the analysis and design of energy harvesting/sensing/actuating devices made of piezoelectric polymers whose bimodular effect is relatively obvious. Full article
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