You seem to have javascript disabled. Please note that many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled.

Search for Articles:

Title / Keyword

Author / Affiliation / Email

Journal

Article Type

Advanced Search

Section

Special Issue

Volume

Issue

Number

Page

Logical OperatorOperator

Search Text

Search Type

Practical Implementation of Unconditionally Secure File Transfer Application with QKD and OTP
Transition from Inflation to Dark Energy in Superfluid Vacuum Theory

Journal Description

Quantum Reports

Quantum Reports is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on quantum science. It publishes original research articles and review articles in all quantum subfields, from basic quantum theory to a broad array of applications. Quantum Reports is published quarterly online by MDPI.

Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
High Visibility: indexed within ESCI (Web of Science), Scopus and other databases.
Journal Rank: CiteScore - Q2 (Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous))
Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 16.4 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.3 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2024).
Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.

Imprint Information Journal Flyer Open Access ISSN: 2624-960X

Latest Articles

20 pages, 506 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Probability Representation of Quantum States: Tomographic Representation in Standard Potentials and Peres–Horodecki Criterion for Probabilities

by Julio A. López-Saldívar, Margarita A. Man’ko and Vladimir I. Man’ko

Quantum Rep. 2025, 7(2), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/quantum7020022 - 24 Apr 2025

In connection with the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology, a review of joint works of the Lebedev Institute and the Mexican research group at UNAM is presented, especially related to solving the old problem of the state description, not only by [...] Read more.

In connection with the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology, a review of joint works of the Lebedev Institute and the Mexican research group at UNAM is presented, especially related to solving the old problem of the state description, not only by wave functions but also by conventional probability distributions analogous to quasiprobability distributions, like the Wigner function. Also, explicit expressions of tomographic representations describing the quantum states of particles moving in known potential wells are obtained and briefly discussed. In particular, we present the examples of the tomographic distributions for the free evolution, finite and infinite potential wells, and the Morse potential. Additional to this, an extension of the Peres–Horodecki separability criteria for momentum probability distributions is presented in the case of bipartite, asymmetrical, real states. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 100 Years of Quantum Mechanics)

16 pages, 707 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Simulating Methylamine Using a Symmetry-Adapted, Qubit Excitation-Based Variational Quantum Eigensolver

by Konstantin M. Makushin and Aleksey K. Fedorov

Quantum Rep. 2025, 7(2), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/quantum7020021 - 21 Apr 2025

Understanding the capabilities of quantum computer devices and computing the required resources to solve realistic tasks remain critical challenges associated with achieving useful quantum computational advantage. We present a study aimed at reducing the quantum resource overhead in quantum chemistry simulations using the [...] Read more.

Understanding the capabilities of quantum computer devices and computing the required resources to solve realistic tasks remain critical challenges associated with achieving useful quantum computational advantage. We present a study aimed at reducing the quantum resource overhead in quantum chemistry simulations using the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE). Our approach achieves up to a two-orders-of magnitude reduction in the required number of two-qubit operations for variational problem-inspired ansatzes. We propose and analyze optimization strategies that combine various methods, including molecular point-group symmetries, compact excitation circuits, different types of excitation sets, and qubit tapering. To validate the compatibility and accuracy of these strategies, we first test them on small molecules such as LiH and BeH₂, then apply the most efficient ones to restricted active-space simulations of methylamine. We complete our analysis by computing the resources required for full-valence, active-space simulations of methylamine (26 qubits) and formic acid (28 qubits) molecules. Our best-performing optimization strategy reduces the two-qubit gate count for methylamine from approximately 600,000 to about 12,000 and yields a similar order-of-magnitude improvement for formic acid. This resource analysis represents a valuable step towards the practical use of quantum computers and the development of better methods for optimizing computing resources. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 4530 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Diffusion in a Comb-Structured Media: Non-Local Terms and Stochastic Resetting

by Ervin Kaminski Lenzi, Derik William Gryczak, Luciano Rodrigues da Silva, Haroldo Valentin Ribeiro and Rafael Soares Zola

Quantum Rep. 2025, 7(2), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/quantum7020020 - 14 Apr 2025

We examine the dynamics of a system influenced by a backbone structure, incorporating linear non-local terms that account for both irreversible and reversible processes, such as absorption and adsorption–desorption. Additionally, we introduce stochastic resetting to analyze its effects on the system’s behavior from [...] Read more.

We examine the dynamics of a system influenced by a backbone structure, incorporating linear non-local terms that account for both irreversible and reversible processes, such as absorption and adsorption–desorption. Additionally, we introduce stochastic resetting to analyze its effects on the system’s behavior from both analytical and numerical perspectives. Our findings reveal a rich spectrum of dynamics, emphasizing connections to anomalous diffusion and providing new insights into transport phenomena in complex environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Studies on Fokker–Planck Equation and Diffusion)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 3197 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Towards a Multiqudit Quantum Processor Based on a ¹⁷¹Yb⁺ Ion String: Realizing Basic Quantum Algorithms

by Ilia V. Zalivako, Anastasiia S. Nikolaeva, Alexander S. Borisenko, Andrei E. Korolkov, Pavel L. Sidorov, Kristina P. Galstyan, Nikita V. Semenin, Vasilii N. Smirnov, Mikhail A. Aksenov, Konstantin M. Makushin, Evgeniy O. Kiktenko, Aleksey K. Fedorov, Ilya A. Semerikov, Ksenia Yu. Khabarova and Nikolay N. Kolachevsky

Quantum Rep. 2025, 7(2), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/quantum7020019 - 12 Apr 2025

We demonstrate a quantum processor based on a 3D linear Paul trap that uses

{}^{171}{Yb}^{+}

ions with eight individually controllable four-level qudits (ququarts), which is computationally equivalent to a sixteen-qubit quantum processor. The design of the developed ion trap provides high [...] Read more.

We demonstrate a quantum processor based on a 3D linear Paul trap that uses

{}^{171}{Yb}^{+}

ions with eight individually controllable four-level qudits (ququarts), which is computationally equivalent to a sixteen-qubit quantum processor. The design of the developed ion trap provides high secular frequencies and a low heating rate, which, together with individual addressing and readout optical systems, allows executing quantum algorithms. In each of the eight ions, we use four electronic levels coupled by E2 optical transition at 435 nm for qudit encoding. We present the results of single- and two-qubit operations benchmarking and realizing basic quantum algorithms, including the Bernstein–Vazirani and Grover’s search algorithms as well as H₂ and LiH molecular simulations. Our results pave the way to scalable qudit-based quantum processors using trapped ions. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 975 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Quantum Classical Algorithm for the Study of Phase Transitions in the Hubbard Model via Dynamical Mean-Field Theory

by Anshumitra Baul, Herbert Fotso, Hanna Terletska, Ka-Ming Tam and Juana Moreno

Quantum Rep. 2025, 7(2), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/quantum7020018 - 4 Apr 2025

Modeling many-body quantum systems is widely regarded as one of the most promising applications for near-term noisy quantum computers. However, in the near term, system size limitation will remain a severe barrier for applications in materials science or strongly correlated systems. A promising [...] Read more.

Modeling many-body quantum systems is widely regarded as one of the most promising applications for near-term noisy quantum computers. However, in the near term, system size limitation will remain a severe barrier for applications in materials science or strongly correlated systems. A promising avenue of research is to combine many-body physics with machine learning for the classification of distinct phases. We present a workflow that synergizes quantum computing, many-body theory, and quantum machine learning (QML) for studying strongly correlated systems. In particular, it can capture a putative quantum phase transition of the stereotypical strongly correlated system, the Hubbard model. Following the recent proposal of the hybrid quantum-classical algorithm for the two-site dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT), we present a modification that allows the self-consistent solution of the single bath site DMFT. The modified algorithm can be generalized for multiple bath sites. This approach is used to generate a database of zero-temperature wavefunctions of the Hubbard model within the DMFT approximation. We then use a QML algorithm to distinguish between the metallic phase and the Mott insulator phase to capture the metal-to-Mott insulator phase transition. We train a recently proposed quantum convolutional neural network (QCNN) and then utilize the QCNN as a quantum classifier to capture the phase transition region. This work provides a recipe for application to other phase transitions in strongly correlated systems and represents an exciting application of small-scale quantum devices realizable with near-term technology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Theoretical, Quantum and Computational Chemistry—2nd Edition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

26 pages, 459 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of D-Wave Topologies with k-Hop-Based Graph Metrics

by Csaba Biró and Gábor Kusper

Quantum Rep. 2025, 7(2), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/quantum7020017 - 2 Apr 2025

In this paper, we present a graph-based analysis of the topology of D-Wave quantum computers, focusing on the Pegasus, Chimera, and Zephyr architectures. We investigate these topologies under different parameter settings using k-hop-based graph metrics. Each of these architectures comprises distinct subgraphs [...] Read more.

In this paper, we present a graph-based analysis of the topology of D-Wave quantum computers, focusing on the Pegasus, Chimera, and Zephyr architectures. We investigate these topologies under different parameter settings using k-hop-based graph metrics. Each of these architectures comprises distinct subgraphs in which qubits are interconnected according to specific patterns dictated by their implementation. Our study pursues two primary objectives. First, we analyze the structural properties of the Chimera, Pegasus, and Zephyr topologies, examining their scalability and connectivity characteristics. Second, we evaluate the behavior of graph-based density and redundancy metrics within these architectures. The inherent symmetries of these quantum hardware designs provide a unique opportunity to systematically assess the effectiveness of these metrics across varying connectivity patterns. By leveraging these symmetries, our findings not only enhance the understanding of these topological structures but also offer deeper insights into the reliability and applicability of the proposed metrics in the broader context of quantum hardware design. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 3297 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In-Field Quantum-Protected Control-Based Key Distribution with a Lossy Urban Fiber Link

by Vladlen Statiev, Abdufattokh Ashurov, Vladimir Semenov, Dmitrii Kozliuk, Vladislav Zemlyanov, Aleksei Kodukhov, Valeria Pastushenko, Valerii Vinokur and Markus Pflitsch

Quantum Rep. 2025, 7(2), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/quantum7020016 - 28 Mar 2025

Quantum cryptography protocols offering unconditional protection open great rout to full information security in quantum era. Yet, implementing these protocols using the existing fiber networks remains challenging due to high signal losses reducing the efficiency of these protocols to zero. The recently proposed [...] Read more.

Quantum cryptography protocols offering unconditional protection open great rout to full information security in quantum era. Yet, implementing these protocols using the existing fiber networks remains challenging due to high signal losses reducing the efficiency of these protocols to zero. The recently proposed quantum-protected control-based key distribution (QCKD) addresses this issue by physically controlling interceptable losses and ensuring that leaked quantum states remain non-orthogonal. Here, we present the first in-field development and demonstration of the QCKD over an urban fiber link characterized by substantial losses. Using information-theoretic considerations, we configure the system ensuring security and investigate the interplay between line losses and secret key rates. As an example, we present calculation for the communication distance 4 km, QCKD rate 490 bits per second, and find that the corresponding system’s total loss is about 1.628 decibels. Our results, backed by the statistical analysis of the secret key, confirm QCKD’s robustness under real-world conditions, and establish it as a practical solution for quantum-safe communications over existing fiber infrastructures. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 2400 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Superoperator Approach to the Lindbladian Dynamics of a Mirror-Field System

by Marco A. García-Márquez and Héctor M. Moya-Cessa

Quantum Rep. 2025, 7(2), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/quantum7020015 - 24 Mar 2025

We use superoperator techniques to solve the master equation for the interaction between a single-mode quantized field and a single mechanical mode of a moving mirror, which is coupled to a zero-temperature reservoir that damps its amplitude. The solution we provide allows for [...] Read more.

We use superoperator techniques to solve the master equation for the interaction between a single-mode quantized field and a single mechanical mode of a moving mirror, which is coupled to a zero-temperature reservoir that damps its amplitude. The solution we provide allows for its application in any initial state of the combined system. Furthermore, we obtain solutions to the stationary master equation for an initial number state for the field that is consistent with the result obtained for the average number of phonons. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 100 Years of Quantum Mechanics)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 351 KiB

Open AccessArticle

On the Holographic Spectral Effects of Time-Interval Subdivisions

by Sky Nelson-Isaacs

Quantum Rep. 2025, 7(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/quantum7010014 - 19 Mar 2025

Drawing on formal parallels between scalar diffraction theory and quantum mechanics, it is demonstrated that quantum wavefunction propagation requires a holographic model of time. Measurable time manifests between interactions as a duration which is encoded in the frequency domain. It is thus a [...] Read more.

Drawing on formal parallels between scalar diffraction theory and quantum mechanics, it is demonstrated that quantum wavefunction propagation requires a holographic model of time. Measurable time manifests between interactions as a duration which is encoded in the frequency domain. It is thus a unified entity, and attempts to subdivide these intervals introduce oscillatory artifacts or spectral broadening, altering the system’s physical characteristics. Analogous to spatial holograms, where information is distributed across interference patterns, temporal intervals encode information as a discrete whole. This framework challenges the concept of continuous time evolution, suggesting instead that discrete trajectories define a frequency spectrum which holographically constructs the associated time interval, giving rise to the experimentally observed energy spread of particles in applications such as time-bin entanglement, ultra-fast light pulses, and the temporal double slit. A generalized model of quantum wavefunction propagation based on recursive Fourier transforms is discussed, and novel applications are proposed, including starlight analysis and quantum cryptography. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 100 Years of Quantum Mechanics)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 3259 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Thermodynamic and Magnetic Properties of Weakly Interacting Electron Gas Localized in a CdSe Cylindrical Core–Shell Quantum Dot

by Levon Tadevosyan, Hayk Ghaltaghchyan, Yevgeni Mamasakhlisov and Hayk Sarkisyan

Quantum Rep. 2025, 7(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/quantum7010013 - 17 Mar 2025

The thermodynamic and magnetic properties of weakly interacting electron gas localized in a CdSe cylindrical core–shell quantum dot in the presence of axial magnetic field are investigated. The entropy, mean energy, and heat capacity of such a gas are determined, and its magnetic [...] Read more.

The thermodynamic and magnetic properties of weakly interacting electron gas localized in a CdSe cylindrical core–shell quantum dot in the presence of axial magnetic field are investigated. The entropy, mean energy, and heat capacity of such a gas are determined, and its magnetic properties (magnetization and diamagnetic susceptibility) are studied. The possibilities of controlling thermodynamic parameters by changing the geometric parameters of quantum dots are shown. Calculations show that this gas has diamagnetic properties. These results provide insights into the features of physical processes occurring in thin core–shell quantum systems, which have potential applications in opto- and nanoelectronics. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 3914 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Practical Implementation of Unconditionally Secure File Transfer Application with QKD and OTP

by Alin-Bogdan Popa, Bogdan-Calin Ciobanu and Pantelimon George Popescu

Quantum Rep. 2025, 7(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/quantum7010012 - 14 Mar 2025

With the looming threat of quantum computers capable of breaking classical encryption and the uncertainty regarding the security of post-quantum encryption algorithms, some highly sensitive applications aim for the highest level of security in information transfer: unconditional security. In this work we present [...] Read more.

With the looming threat of quantum computers capable of breaking classical encryption and the uncertainty regarding the security of post-quantum encryption algorithms, some highly sensitive applications aim for the highest level of security in information transfer: unconditional security. In this work we present an architecture and a practical implementation of a user-friendly unconditionally secure file transfer client based on quantum key distribution and one time pad cipher. We test the implementation on the live QKD research infrastructure within POLITEHNICA Bucharest, thus proving the approach is feasible for real information transfer use-cases. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

5 pages, 259 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Practitioners’ Rule of Thumb for Quantum Volume

by Emanuele G. Dalla Torre

Quantum Rep. 2025, 7(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/quantum7010011 - 28 Feb 2025

Quantum volume (QV) is a widely recognized metric for assessing the practical capabilities of quantum computers, as it provides an estimate of the largest quantum circuit that can be reliably executed. However, measuring QV on a real device requires comparing experimental outcomes with [...] Read more.

Quantum volume (QV) is a widely recognized metric for assessing the practical capabilities of quantum computers, as it provides an estimate of the largest quantum circuit that can be reliably executed. However, measuring QV on a real device requires comparing experimental outcomes with ideal theoretical results—a process that rapidly becomes computationally expensive. By examining the cumulative impact of errors in two-qubit gates, we present a simple, accessible `rule of thumb’ that relates the quantum volume directly to the average error rate of native gates. Our formula shows a strong agreement with experimental data from leading quantum computing platforms, including both superconducting and trapped-ion systems. This straightforward model offers a clear, intuitive guideline for predicting quantum hardware performance, enabling more informed decisions regarding circuit design and resource allocation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exclusive Feature Papers of Quantum Reports in 2024–2025)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

8 pages, 1195 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cost-Efficient Pipelined Modular Polynomial Multiplier for Post-Quantum Cryptography Saber

by Hua Li

Quantum Rep. 2025, 7(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/quantum7010010 - 20 Feb 2025

The development of quantum computers presents a great challenge for current cryptographic algorithms. Post-quantum cryptography has been proposed to secure against quantum computers in the near future. Modular polynomial multiplication is a frequent arithmetic operation in post-quantum cryptography. In this paper, a low-cost [...] Read more.

The development of quantum computers presents a great challenge for current cryptographic algorithms. Post-quantum cryptography has been proposed to secure against quantum computers in the near future. Modular polynomial multiplication is a frequent arithmetic operation in post-quantum cryptography. In this paper, a low-cost and efficient pipelined architecture for modular polynomial multiplication in Saber has been proposed and synthesized with the Virtex UltraScale + xcu200-fsgd2104-2-e board. It can achieve a frequency of 250 MHz and only uses 11,499 LUTs, 7034 FFs and 32 IOs. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

45 pages, 4266 KiB

Open AccessReview

Quantum Oncology

by Bruno F. E. Matarèse and Arnie Purushotham

Quantum Rep. 2025, 7(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/quantum7010009 - 18 Feb 2025

Quantum core technologies (computing, sensing, imaging, communication) hold immense promise for revolutionizing cancer care. This paper explores their distinct capabilities in early-stage cancer diagnosis, improved clinical workflows, drug discovery, and personalized treatment. By overcoming challenges such as infrastructure and ethical considerations, these processes [...] Read more.

Quantum core technologies (computing, sensing, imaging, communication) hold immense promise for revolutionizing cancer care. This paper explores their distinct capabilities in early-stage cancer diagnosis, improved clinical workflows, drug discovery, and personalized treatment. By overcoming challenges such as infrastructure and ethical considerations, these processes can unlock faster diagnoses, optimize therapies, and enhance patient outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exclusive Feature Papers of Quantum Reports in 2024–2025)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 295 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Unveiling the Fifth Dimension: A Novel Approach to Quantum Mechanics

by Frederick George Astbury

Quantum Rep. 2025, 7(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/quantum7010008 - 15 Feb 2025

Quantum mechanics (QM) has long challenged our understanding of time, space, and reality, with phenomena such as superposition, wave–particle duality, and quantum entanglement defying classical notions of causality and locality. Despite the predictive success of QM, its interpretations—such as the Copenhagen and many-worlds [...] Read more.

Quantum mechanics (QM) has long challenged our understanding of time, space, and reality, with phenomena such as superposition, wave–particle duality, and quantum entanglement defying classical notions of causality and locality. Despite the predictive success of QM, its interpretations—such as the Copenhagen and many-worlds interpretations—remain contentious and incomplete. This paper introduces Strip Theory, a novel framework that reconceptualises time as a two-dimensional manifold comprising foretime, the sequential dimension, and sidetime, an orthogonal possibility dimension representing parallel quantum outcomes. By incorporating sidetime, the theory provides a unified explanation for quantum superposition, coherence, and interference, resolving ambiguities associated with wavefunction collapse. The methods involve extending the mathematical formalism of QM into a five-dimensional framework, where sidetime is explicitly encoded alongside spatial and sequential temporal dimensions. The principal findings demonstrate that this model reproduces all measurable results of QM while addressing foundational issues, offering a clearer and more deterministic interpretation of quantum phenomena. Furthermore, the framework provides insights into quantum coherence, wave–particle duality, and the philosophical implications of free will. These results suggest that Strip Theory can serve as a bridge between interpretations and provide a deeper understanding of time and reality, advancing both theoretical and conceptual horizons. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 100 Years of Quantum Mechanics)

11 pages, 297 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Transition from Inflation to Dark Energy in Superfluid Vacuum Theory

by Konstantin G. Zloshchastiev

Quantum Rep. 2025, 7(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/quantum7010007 - 8 Feb 2025

The laminar constant-velocity superflow of a physical vacuum modelled by logarithmic quantum Bose liquid is considered. We demonstrate that this three-dimensional non-relativistic quantum flow generates a four-dimensional relativistic quinton system, which comprises the dilaton and quintom (a combination of the quintessence and tachyonic [...] Read more.

The laminar constant-velocity superflow of a physical vacuum modelled by logarithmic quantum Bose liquid is considered. We demonstrate that this three-dimensional non-relativistic quantum flow generates a four-dimensional relativistic quinton system, which comprises the dilaton and quintom (a combination of the quintessence and tachyonic phantom fields); all three fields are thus shown to be projections of the dynamical evolution of superfluid vacuum density and its fluctuations onto the measuring apparatus of a relativistic observer. The unified model describes the transition from the inflationary period in the early universe to the contemporary accelerating expansion of the universe, commonly referred to as the “dark energy” period. The quintessence and tachyonic scalar components of the derived model turn out to be non-minimally coupled, which is a hitherto unexplored generalization of cosmological phantom models. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exclusive Feature Papers of Quantum Reports in 2024–2025)

20 pages, 650 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Decoherence, Locality, and Why dBB Is Actually MWI

by Per Arve

Quantum Rep. 2025, 7(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/quantum7010006 - 31 Jan 2025

In the de Broglie Bohm pilot-wave theory and the many-worlds interpretation, unitary development of the quantum state is universally valid. They differ in that de Broglie and Bohm assumed that there are point particles with positions that evolve in time and that our [...] Read more.

In the de Broglie Bohm pilot-wave theory and the many-worlds interpretation, unitary development of the quantum state is universally valid. They differ in that de Broglie and Bohm assumed that there are point particles with positions that evolve in time and that our observations are observations of the particles. The many-worlds interpretation is based on the fact that the quantum state can explain our observations. Both interpretations rely on the decoherence mechanism to explain the disappearance of interference effects at a measurement. From this fact, it is argued that for the pilot-wave theory to work, circumstances must be such that the many-worlds interpretation is a viable alternative. However, if this is the case, the de Broglie–Bohm particles become irrelevant to any observer. They are truly hidden. The violation of locality and the corresponding violation of Lorenz invariance are good reasons to believe that dBB particles do not exist. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exclusive Feature Papers of Quantum Reports in 2024–2025)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 1681 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Introduction to Quantum Mechanics Through Neuroscience and CERN Data

by Héctor Reyes-Martín and María Arroyo-Hernández

Quantum Rep. 2025, 7(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/quantum7010005 - 21 Jan 2025

(1) Background: One of the greatest challenges students face when studying quantum mechanics is the lack of daily experience and intuition about its concepts. This article introduces a holistic activity designed to present some foundational ideas of quantum mechanics in a new pedagogical [...] Read more.

(1) Background: One of the greatest challenges students face when studying quantum mechanics is the lack of daily experience and intuition about its concepts. This article introduces a holistic activity designed to present some foundational ideas of quantum mechanics in a new pedagogical approach to enhance students’ motivation. Using real open data from CERN, the activity connects classical concepts of dynamics and electromagnetism to their quantum counterparts, emphasizing both their similarities and differences. Teaching physics must consider the way the brain learns. That is why the activity is based on observed neuroscientific principles of physics learning. The approach maintains the rigor and precision required for these abstract concepts. (2) Methods: To evaluate the activity’s impact by gender, intrinsic motivation was assessed using a Likert-type scale with 81 undergraduate students from fields including artificial intelligence systems engineering, computer engineering, mathematical engineering, and architecture. (3) Results: a Mann–Whitney U test analysis indicates the activity significantly enhances students’ intrinsic motivation to study quantum mechanics, with improvements observed in both male and female students. (4) Conclusions: This result highlights the potential of the activity to promote greater interest in physics, both in men and women, since no significant differences have been observed between both samples. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure A1

21 pages, 501 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Towards Ginzburg–Landau Bogomolny Approach and a Perturbative Description of Superconducting Structures

by Łukasz T. Stȩpień and Krzysztof Pomorski

Quantum Rep. 2025, 7(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/quantum7010004 - 19 Jan 2025

The Bogomolny approach to the Ginzburg–Landau equations in the context of strong and semi-strong necessary conditions is formulated for various superconducting structures in a quasi-one-dimensional description, considering both flat and curved geometries. This formulation is justified by a perturbative approach to the Ginzburg–Landau [...] Read more.

The Bogomolny approach to the Ginzburg–Landau equations in the context of strong and semi-strong necessary conditions is formulated for various superconducting structures in a quasi-one-dimensional description, considering both flat and curved geometries. This formulation is justified by a perturbative approach to the Ginzburg–Landau theory applied to a superconducting structure that is polarized by an electric charge moving across two neighboring quantum dots. The situation considered involves an interface between a Josephson junction and a semiconductor quantum dot system in a one-dimensional setting. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Semiconductor and Superconductor Quantum Devices)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 610 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Improving the Solving of Optimization Problems: A Comprehensive Review of Quantum Approaches

by Deborah Volpe, Giacomo Orlandi and Giovanna Turvani

Quantum Rep. 2025, 7(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/quantum7010003 - 7 Jan 2025

Optimization is a crucial challenge across various domains, including finance, resource allocation, and mobility. Quantum computing has the potential to redefine the way we handle complex problems by reducing computational complexity and enhancing solution quality. Optimization, particularly of objective functions, stands to benefit [...] Read more.

Optimization is a crucial challenge across various domains, including finance, resource allocation, and mobility. Quantum computing has the potential to redefine the way we handle complex problems by reducing computational complexity and enhancing solution quality. Optimization, particularly of objective functions, stands to benefit significantly from quantum solvers, which leverage principles of quantum mechanics like superposition, entanglement, and tunneling. The Ising and Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) models are the most suitable formulations for these solvers, involving binary variables and constraints treated as penalties within the overall objective function. To harness quantum approaches for optimization, two primary strategies are employed: exploiting quantum annealers—special-purpose optimization devices—and designing algorithms based on quantum circuits. This review provides a comprehensive overview of quantum optimization methods, examining their advantages, challenges, and limitations. It demonstrates their application to real-world scenarios and outlines the steps to convert generic optimization problems into quantum-compliant models. Lastly, it discusses available tools and frameworks that facilitate the exploration of quantum solutions for optimization tasks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exclusive Feature Papers of Quantum Reports in 2024–2025)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

More Articles...

Submit to Quantum Reports Review for Quantum Reports

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

► Journal Browser

Highly Accessed Articles

View More...

Latest Books

More Books and Reprints...

E-Mail Alert

News

14 April 2025
World Quantum Day—“Every Day in 2025”, 14 April 2025

3 April 2025
Quantum Reports | Notable Papers in 2024

2 April 2025
MDPI INSIGHTS: The CEO's Letter #21 - Annual Report, Swiss Consortium, IWD, ICARS, Serbia

More News & Announcements...

Topics

Propose a Topic

Topic in Entropy, Quantum Reports, Symmetry, Universe, Physics

Quantum Systems and Their Applications Topic Editors: Chao Zheng, Jim Freericks
Deadline: 28 February 2026

Topic in Chemistry, IJMS, Molecules, Quantum Reports, Symmetry, Magnetochemistry

Theoretical, Quantum and Computational Chemistry—2nd Edition Topic Editors: Jorge Garza, Andrei L. Tchougréeff
Deadline: 31 July 2026

Conferences

Announce Your Conference

More Conferences...

Special Issues

Propose a Special Issue

Special Issue in Quantum Reports

Recent Studies on Fokker–Planck Equation and Diffusion Guest Editors: Ervin K. Lenzi, Rafael Soares Zola, Haroldo Valentin Ribeiro
Deadline: 30 June 2025

Special Issue in Quantum Reports

Opportunities and Challenges in Quantum AI Guest Editor: Khadijeh Najafi
Deadline: 30 June 2025

Special Issue in Quantum Reports

Semiconductor and Superconductor Quantum Devices Guest Editors: Mikhail Belogolovskii, Krzysztof Pomorski
Deadline: 10 September 2025

Special Issue in Quantum Reports

100 Years of Quantum Mechanics Guest Editors: Viktor Dodonov, Margarita A. Man’ko, Salomon S. Mizrahi, Luis L. Sánchez-Soto
Deadline: 31 October 2025

More Special Issues

Back to TopTop