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Remote Sensing
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Optical Remote Sensing Payloads, from Design to Flight Test
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Optical Remote Sensing Payloads, from Design to Flight Test

A special issue of Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2025 | Viewed by 1943

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Xing Zhong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101101, China
2. CGSTL (Chang Guang Satellite Co., Ltd.), Changchun 130032, China
Interests: spaceborne cameras development; ultra-compact high resolution remote sensing; advanced optical design
Prof. Pierre Rochus

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre Spatial de Liège and Department of Space Instrumentation, University of Liège, 4031 Liège, Belgium
Interests: engineering physics; aeronautical engineering; aerospace engineering; thermal engineering; engineering thermodynamics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Fei Xing

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Interests: micro satellite and micro high precision attitude measurement sensor; micro and nano measurement technology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Xiuqing Hu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Satellite Meteorological Center Beijing, Beijing 101101, China
Interests: calibration; infrared, measurement; astrophotography; space sciences; earth observation; atmosphere satellite; cloud instruments; remote sensing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development of optical remote sensing systems has a long history; however, with the progress of materials, processing, detection technology, and sensor technology, new optical remote sensing systems continue to emerge. The rich application scenarios are also constantly promoting the technical progress of new optical remote sensors. Particularly in recent years, miniaturized UAVs and micro-nano satellites are being applied to operational remote sensing services, which establishes new requirements for the cost performance, power consumption, size, and weight of optical remote sensing systems. This generates new challenges for the entitre process of remote sensing system development, from design to flight tests.

This Special Issue aims to optimize the design and flight testing of different optical remote sensing systems. This includes decomposition from the breakdown analysis of top requirements, system optimization and performance testing, ground and in-flight calibration, system performance verification, flight test methods and results analysis, lessons learned, etc. The types of remote sensing systems include high resolution, multispectral, hyperspectral, infrared, etc. The platform types are not limited.

Articles may address, but are not limited, the following topics:

  • Advanced high-resolution systems
  • Multispectral and Hyperspectral systems
  • Ultraviolet and Infrared remote sensing systems
  • Atmospheric composition observation remote sensing systems
  • Laser ranging and LiDAR systems
  • Stereo mapping remote sensing systems
  • Polarization remote sensing systems
  • Interferometric remote sensing system
  • Next-generation remote sensing systems

Dr. Xing Zhong
Prof. Pierre Rochus
Prof. Dr. Fei Xing
Prof. Dr. Xiuqing Hu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Remote Sensing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • optical remote sensing systems
  • remote system design
  • remote system optimization
  • performance analysis
  • calibration
  • verification
  • flight test

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 15495 KiB  
Article
A General On-Orbit Absolute Radiometric Calibration Method Compatible with Multiple Imaging Conditions
by Liming Fan, Zhongjin Jiang, Shuhai Yu, Yunhe Liu, Dong Wang and Maosheng Chen
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(18), 3503; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16183503 - 21 Sep 2024
Viewed by 301
Abstract
On-orbit absolute radiometric calibration is not only a prerequisite for the quantitative application of optical remote sensing satellite data but also a key step in ensuring the accuracy and reliability of satellite observation data. Due to the diversity of imaging conditions for optical [...] Read more.
On-orbit absolute radiometric calibration is not only a prerequisite for the quantitative application of optical remote sensing satellite data but also a key step in ensuring the accuracy and reliability of satellite observation data. Due to the diversity of imaging conditions for optical remote sensing satellite sensors, on-orbit absolute radiometric calibration usually requires a large number of imaging tasks and manual labor to calibrate each imaging condition. This seriously limits the timeliness of on-orbit absolute radiometric calibration and is also an urgent problem to be solved in the context of the explosive growth of satellite numbers. Based on this, we propose a general on-orbit absolute radiometric calibration method compatible with multiple imaging conditions. Firstly, we use a large amount of laboratory radiometric calibration data to explore the mathematical relationship between imaging conditions (row transfer time, integration level and gain), radiance, and DN, and successfully build an imaging condition compatibility model. Secondly, we combine the imaging condition compatibility model with cross calibration to achieve a general on-orbit absolute radiometric calibration method. We use cross calibration to obtain the reference radiance and corresponding DN of the target satellites, which calculates the general coefficient by using row transfer time, integration level, and gain, and use the general coefficient to calibrate all imaging conditions. Finally, we use multiple imaging tasks of the JL1GF03D11 satellites to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experiments show that the average relative difference was reduced to 2.79% and the RMSE was reduced to 1.51, compared with the laboratory radiometric calibration method. In addition, we also verify the generality of the proposed method by using 10 satellites of the Jilin-1 GF03D series. The experiment shows that the goodness of fit of the general coefficient is all greater than 95%, and the average relative difference between the reference radiance and the calibrated radiance of the proposed method is 2.46%, with an RMSE of 1.67. To sum up, by using the proposed method, all imaging conditions of optical remote sensing satellite sensor can be calibrated in one imaging task, which greatly improves the timeliness and accuracy of on-orbit absolute radiometric calibration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Remote Sensing Payloads, from Design to Flight Test)
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23 pages, 22355 KiB  
Article
Development of an Adaptive Fuzzy Integral-Derivative Line-of-Sight Method for Bathymetric LiDAR Onboard Unmanned Surface Vessel
by Guoqing Zhou, Jinhuang Wu, Ke Gao, Naihui Song, Guoshuai Jia, Xiang Zhou, Jiasheng Xu and Xia Wang
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(14), 2657; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16142657 - 20 Jul 2024
Viewed by 666
Abstract
Previous control methods developed by our research team cannot satisfy the high accuracy requirements of unmanned surface vessel (USV) path-tracking during bathymetric mapping because of the excessive overshoot and slow convergence speed. For this reason, this study developed an adaptive fuzzy integral-derivative line-of-sight [...] Read more.
Previous control methods developed by our research team cannot satisfy the high accuracy requirements of unmanned surface vessel (USV) path-tracking during bathymetric mapping because of the excessive overshoot and slow convergence speed. For this reason, this study developed an adaptive fuzzy integral-derivative line-of-sight (AFIDLOS) method for USV path-tracking control. Integral and derivative terms were added to counteract the effect of the sideslip angle with which the USV could be quickly guided to converge to the planned path for bathymetric mapping. To obtain high accuracy of the look-ahead distance, a fuzzy control method was proposed. The proposed method was verified using simulations and outdoor experiments. The results demonstrate that the AFIDLOS method can reduce the overshoot by 79.85%, shorten the settling time by 55.32% in simulation experiments, reduce the average cross-track error by 10.91% and can ensure a 30% overlap of neighboring strips of bathymetric LiDAR outdoor mapping when compared with the traditional guidance law. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Remote Sensing Payloads, from Design to Flight Test)
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Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

Title: Synchronous Atmospheric Correction of Wide-swath and Wide-field Remote Sensing Image from HJ-2A/B Satellite
Authors: Honglian Huang*, Xiao Liu, Yuxuan Wang, Xiaobin Sun, Zhenhai Liu, Rufang Ti, Xuefeng Lei, Jun Lin, Lanlan Fan
Affiliation: （Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China）
Abstract: Chinese HuanjingJianzai-2 (HJ-2) A/B satellites are equipped with charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, the hyperspectral imager (HSI), and the infrared spectroradiometer(IRS), and polarized scanning atmospheric corrector (PSAC). Among them, PSAC is mainly used for the monitoring of atmospheric parameters to provide data support for atmospheric correction of data from other sensors. CCD covers a 800 km swath, and has a total field of view of 62.6º. A pixel-by-pixel atmospheric correction method is proposed for wide-swath, large-field-of-view remote sensing images, considering the effects of the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF)。This method employs synchronous atmospheric parameters obtained from PSAC and constructs an atmospheric correction lookup table along with a semi-empirical BRDF kernel-driven model. It sequentially performs atmospheric radiative correction, adjacency effect correction, and BRDF correction, resulting in the production of surface reflectance(SR) products. This method was used to perform atmospheric correction on remote sensing images of various surface types captured by CCD, and effectiveness analysis was conducted. 1) Compared to the pre-correction images, the contrast and clarity of the corrected images were significantly improved. 2) Star-ground synchronization verification experiments were conducted in Dunhuang field and Hefei, China, using a FieldSpec hand-held spectroradiometer to measure ground-truth spectra of desert, vegetation, and water. When compared to ground-truth spectral data, SR from corrected CCD imagery showed a reliable match (Relative error less than 15%). 3) For terrain types that cannot be verified by ground experiments, the SR from corrected CCD imagery was compared with the surface reflectance product of Sentinel-2 satellite, and the relative error was better than 20%. Atmospheric correction based on synchronous atmospheric parameters can improve the quality and the quantification accuracy of remote sensing images, which is meaningful for remote sensing applications.

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