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Advanced Massive MIMO Antenna Arrays, Metasurfaces and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Sensing, Localization, and Wireless Communications

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Remote Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2024) | Viewed by 8165

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Peng Mei

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Interests: periodic structures; millimeter-wave antennas; beam-scanning antennas
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Shuai Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Interests: MIMO antennas; reconfigurable intelligent surfaces; SATCOM antennas; millimeter-wave antennas
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the complex electromagnetic environment and increasing demand on communication capacity, some different technologies have been proposed and studied to fulfill the severe requirements. Among them, the massive MIMO antenna array is a promising technology to increase the channel capacity by leveraging multiple antenna elements to receive and transmit electromagnetic waves. On the other hand, massive MIMO antenna arrays can further adapt to the time-varying environment at millimeter-wave bands via beamforming. Very recently, metasurfaces and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces have been extensively studied as promising and exciting technologies for the evolved 5G and upcoming 6G wireless communications. Metasurfaces and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces comprise a plethora of subwavelength unit cells. The behavior of the unit cell (e.g., phase, polarization, and amplitude) can be flexibly controlled. As a result, metasurfaces and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces can manipulate the performance of electromagnetic waves impinging on them, converting the unfavorable electromagnetic environment to a favorable one for high-quality and high-efficiency sensing, location, and wireless communications.

This Special Issue is being launched with the aim of collecting recent research on advanced massive MIMO antenna arrays, metasurfaces and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces for sensing, location, and wireless communications.

Authors are kindly invited to submit their contributions to this Special Issue on topics including, but not limited to, the following:

  • Innovative theories and approaches for large communication capacity;
  • Massive MIMO antenna arrays;
  • Metasurfaces;
  • Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces;
  • Smart environment;
  • Beamforming technology;
  • New theories and algorithms for accurate sensing and location;
  • New applications of materials and new materials for wave manipulation

Dr. Peng Mei
Dr. Shuai Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antenna arrays
  • decoupling technology
  • metasurface
  • reconfigurable intelligent surface
  • millimeter-wave communications
  • sensing and location

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 8479 KiB  
Communication
A High Gain Circularly Polarized Slot Antenna Array for 5G Millimeter-Wave Applications
by Wei He, Jun Hong, Yongmei Ren, Yuanxiang Deng, Xiaohu Wang and Xiaoyong Fang
Sensors 2024, 24(19), 6175; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24196175 - 24 Sep 2024
Viewed by 441
Abstract
An air-filled substrate-integrated waveguide (AF-SIW) circularly polarized (CP) 1 × 8 mm wave antenna array is presented for fifth-generation (5G) applications. The presented slot antenna array consists of three layers of PCB and one layer of aluminum, which serve as the AF-SIW feeding [...] Read more.
An air-filled substrate-integrated waveguide (AF-SIW) circularly polarized (CP) 1 × 8 mm wave antenna array is presented for fifth-generation (5G) applications. The presented slot antenna array consists of three layers of PCB and one layer of aluminum, which serve as the AF-SIW feeding network and the metal cavity radiation element, respectively. The CP characteristic is achieved by the use of an S-shaped aluminum radiation cavity on the top of the AF-SIW feeding network. The air-filled substrate-integrated waveguide technique is unitized to achieve high radiation efficiency. A wide input impedance bandwidth of 18.4% is obtained for the proposed antenna scheme, ranging from 34.5 GHz to 41.5 GHz, with a peak gain of 18 dBic. As for CP characteristic, the proposed antenna possesses a wide 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth, which is 16.4% (36.5 GHz to 43 GHz). The antenna scheme is fabricated and measured to verify the potential application as well as the promising performance. The measured results of the 1 × 8 antenna array shows that the wide AR as well as the input impedance are simultaneously achieved, which coincide well with the simulated results. Also, the measured results indicate that the proposed antenna scheme might be a good candidate for future mobile applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Massive MIMO Antenna Arrays, Metasurfaces and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Sensing, Localization, and Wireless Communications)
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24 pages, 3486 KiB  
Article
Multi-Cluster Approaches to Radio Sensor Array Channel Modeling and Simulation
by Xin Li, Torbjörn Ekman and Kun Yang
Sensors 2024, 24(18), 6037; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24186037 - 18 Sep 2024
Viewed by 379
Abstract
In this paper, we explore the physical propagation environment of radio waves by describing it in terms of distant scattering clusters. Each cluster consists of numerous scattering objects that may exhibit certain statistical properties. By utilizing geometry-based methods, we can study the channel [...] Read more.
In this paper, we explore the physical propagation environment of radio waves by describing it in terms of distant scattering clusters. Each cluster consists of numerous scattering objects that may exhibit certain statistical properties. By utilizing geometry-based methods, we can study the channel second-order statistics (CSOS), where each distant scattering cluster corresponds to a CSOS, contributes a portion to the Doppler spectrum, and is associated with a state-space multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) radio channel model. Consequently, the physical propagation environment of radio waves can be modeled by summing multiple state-space MIMO radio channel models. This approach offers three key advantages: simplicity, the ability to construct the entire Doppler power spectrum from multiple uncorrelated distant scattering clusters, and the capability to obtain the channels contributed by these clusters by summing the individual channels. This methodology enables the reconstruction of the radio wave propagation environment in a simulated manner and is crucial for developing massive MIMO channel models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Massive MIMO Antenna Arrays, Metasurfaces and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Sensing, Localization, and Wireless Communications)
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18 pages, 15487 KiB  
Article
Dual-Band Monopole MIMO Antenna Array for UAV Communication Systems
by Muhammad Usman Raza, Hongwei Ren and Sen Yan
Sensors 2024, 24(18), 5913; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24185913 - 12 Sep 2024
Viewed by 589
Abstract
This study proposes a compact, low-profile, four-port dual-band monopole multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication systems. Each monopole antenna of the array features a modified T-shaped radiator configuration and is printed on a Rogers RT5880 substrate with compact dimensions [...] Read more.
This study proposes a compact, low-profile, four-port dual-band monopole multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication systems. Each monopole antenna of the array features a modified T-shaped radiator configuration and is printed on a Rogers RT5880 substrate with compact dimensions of 134.96 mm × 134.96 mm × 0.8 mm. A four-element square MIMO configuration with sequential 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° rotations was integrated smoothly into the UAV body. A prototype of the MIMO array was fabricated and experimentally evaluated, with measured results showing a close correlation to simulated results. The proposed dual-band monopole antenna demonstrated one of the widest impedance bandwidths of 46.15% at 2.4 GHz (2.04 to 3.25 GHz) IEEE 802.11b and 31.85% at 5.8 GHz (5.37 to 7.38 GHz) IEEE 802.11a on a thin 0.0064 λo substrate while achieving high transmission efficiency. The isolation of the proposed four-port MIMO design was measured at 23 dB at 2.4 GHz and 19 dB at 5.8 GHz. The MIMO array’s total efficiency of each monopole antenna was measured at 96% at 2.4 GHz and 89% at 5.8 GHz. The design has measured diversity parameters such as an ECC below 0.01 and a DG of approximately 10. Based on these results, the proposed design suits the UAV communication system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Massive MIMO Antenna Arrays, Metasurfaces and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Sensing, Localization, and Wireless Communications)
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17 pages, 570 KiB  
Article
Localization Performance Analysis and Algorithm Design of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted D2D Systems
by Mengke Wang, Tiejun Lv, Pingmu Huang and Zhipeng Lin
Sensors 2024, 24(11), 3694; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113694 - 6 Jun 2024
Viewed by 529
Abstract
The research on high-precision and all-scenario localization using the millimeter-wave (mmWave) band is of great urgency. Due to the characteristics of mmWave, blockages make the localization task more complex. This paper proposes a cooperative localization system among user equipment (UEs) assisted by reconfigurable [...] Read more.
The research on high-precision and all-scenario localization using the millimeter-wave (mmWave) band is of great urgency. Due to the characteristics of mmWave, blockages make the localization task more complex. This paper proposes a cooperative localization system among user equipment (UEs) assisted by reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), which considers device-to-device (D2D) communication. RISs are used as anchor points, and position estimation is achieved through signal exchanges between UEs. Firstly, we establish a localization model based on this system and derive the UEs’ positioning error bound (PEB) as a performance metric. Then, a UE-RIS joint beamforming design is proposed to optimize channel state information (CSI) with the objective of achieving the minimum PEB. Finally, simulation analysis demonstrates the advantages of the proposed scheme over RIS-assisted base station positioning, achieving centimeter-level accuracy with a 10 dBm lower transmission power. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Massive MIMO Antenna Arrays, Metasurfaces and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Sensing, Localization, and Wireless Communications)
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17 pages, 7726 KiB  
Article
Design and Implementation of C-Band Large-Power Planar Butler Matrix in SRS
by Jinfeng Li, Liping Yan, Changjun Liu, He Bai and Wanzhao Cui
Sensors 2024, 24(7), 2132; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072132 - 27 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 882
Abstract
In satellite remote sensing (SRS), there is a demand for large-power microwave components. A Butler matrix is essential to a transmitting antenna array in SRS. This article illustrates the electrical and mechanical design, simulation, and test results of a large-power planar beamforming network [...] Read more.
In satellite remote sensing (SRS), there is a demand for large-power microwave components. A Butler matrix is essential to a transmitting antenna array in SRS. This article illustrates the electrical and mechanical design, simulation, and test results of a large-power planar beamforming network for SRS at C-band. It is a 4 × 4 Butler matrix based on square coaxial lines. Short-ended stubs are used in the Butler matrix to broaden its bandwidth by 10%, support inner conductors, and enhance heat transfer in vacuum environments. The simulation results are consistent with the measured results. The reflection coefficient is less than −18 dB, and the isolation is more than 23 dB from 3.8 GHz to 4.2 GHz. The insertion losses are less than 0.6 dB, and the phase errors are better than ±6°. The measured peak microwave power of the proposed Butler matrix is 9 kW. Its size is 440 × 400 × 40 mm3. The proposed Butler matrix beamforming network can be applied to SRS systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Massive MIMO Antenna Arrays, Metasurfaces and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Sensing, Localization, and Wireless Communications)
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17 pages, 8516 KiB  
Article
Dual-Band Frequency Selective Surface with Different Polarization Selectivity for Wireless Communication Application
by Tao Qin, Chenlu Huang, Yang Cai and Xianqi Lin
Sensors 2023, 23(9), 4264; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094264 - 25 Apr 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2311
Abstract
This article proposes a dual-band, frequency- and polarization-selective surface. Multiple resonant modes are introduced using the U-shaped resonator with a ground via to achieve dual-band responses and polarization selectivity. Two symmetrically grounded U-shaped resonators are coupled through electrically coupled apertures in a common [...] Read more.
This article proposes a dual-band, frequency- and polarization-selective surface. Multiple resonant modes are introduced using the U-shaped resonator with a ground via to achieve dual-band responses and polarization selectivity. Two symmetrically grounded U-shaped resonators are coupled through electrically coupled apertures in a common ground, resulting in a passband with two transmission zeros per polarization. A general design flowchart and additional examples at the S, X, and K-bands are presented as well. A prototype at X-band is analyzed, fabricated, and measured, showing the passband center frequencies of 9.68 GHz and 10.73 GHz, factional bandwidths of 3.45% and 3.48%, and insertion losses of 0.9 dB and 1.1 dB, respectively. Due to the high selectivity, small frequency ratio, low profile, and stable performance under oblique incidence, the proposed designs have application potential in wireless communication systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Massive MIMO Antenna Arrays, Metasurfaces and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Sensing, Localization, and Wireless Communications)
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17 pages, 8319 KiB  
Article
Decoupling of Dual-Polarized Antenna Arrays Using Non-Resonant Metasurface
by Shengyuan Luo, Peng Mei, Yiming Zhang, Gert Frølund Pedersen and Shuai Zhang
Sensors 2023, 23(1), 152; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010152 - 23 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1964
Abstract
A non-resonant metasurface (NRMS) concept is reported in this paper to improve the isolation of dual-polarized and wideband large-scale antenna arrays. By properly designing the NRMS, it can perform stable negative permeability and positive permittivity along the tangential direction of the NRMS within [...] Read more.
A non-resonant metasurface (NRMS) concept is reported in this paper to improve the isolation of dual-polarized and wideband large-scale antenna arrays. By properly designing the NRMS, it can perform stable negative permeability and positive permittivity along the tangential direction of the NRMS within a wide band, which can be fully employed to suppress the mutual couplings of large-scale antenna arrays. At the same time, the proposed NRMS can also result in positive permittivity and permeability along the normal direction of the NRMS, which guarantees the free propagation of electromagnetic waves from antenna arrays along the normal direction. For demonstration, a 4×4 dual-polarized antenna array loading with the proposed NRMS is designed to improve the isolations of the antenna array. The simulations demonstrate that the isolations among all ports are over 24 dB from 4.36 to 4.94 GHz, which are experimentally verified by the measured results. Moreover, the radiation patterns of antenna elements are still maintained after leveraging the proposed NRMS. Due to the simple structure of the proposed NRMS, it is very promising to be widely employed for massive MIMO antenna arrays. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Massive MIMO Antenna Arrays, Metasurfaces and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Sensing, Localization, and Wireless Communications)
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