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MEMS Transducers Design, Fabrication, Characterization, System Integration and Stability Performance

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2020) | Viewed by 3822

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
Interests: MEMS gyroscopes based on nano-gauge detection; frequency-modulated inertial sensors; MEMS magnetometers operating off-resonance; MEMS micromirrors; integrated mixed-signal electronics associated to MEMS systems (from the analog front-end to the full digital output)

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

These days, several fields of society (IoT, industrial, automotive, consumer, medical, high-end) require the development of innovative miniaturized MEMS transducers with superior performance, and especially stability against temperature, humidity, aging, vibrations or other environmental perturbations.

In this Special Issue, a broad range of topics are discussed, including design, fabrication, characterization, packaging, and system integration of next-generation MEMS transducers. Papers discussing superior stability performance are especially welcome. Authors are encouraged to report scientific works on:

  • innovative design or working principle of MEMS transducers, aiming at improved performance and associated electronic circuits;
  • innovative fabrication technologies for transducers aiming at improved performance (e.g., nano gaps, NEMS sensing, 3D processes), and associated electronics;
  • theoretical ultimate stability limits of state-of-the-art solutions (e.g., capacitive sensing, open-loop operation), validated by experimental measurements, and calibration/compensation techniques to go beyond such ultimate limits;
  • emerging MEMS transducers (ultrasonic devices, optical mirrors, resonators) and associated circuitry;
  • innovative applications of high stability transducers (with demonstrations), possibly assisted by aiding technologies.

The topics above can be developed for single-axis, single-quantity transducers (e.g., micromirrors, resonators), for multiaxis sensors, for combination of multiaxis sensors (e.g., 6-axis, 9-axis or N-axis inertial measurement units), and for system-in-package solutions.

Prof. Giacomo Langfelder
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • MEMS transducers
  • offset stability
  • scale-factor stability
  • fatigue
  • aging
  • Internet of things applications
  • Industry 4.0 applications
  • ADAS and autonomous driving applications

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 8780 KiB  
Article
Oven-Controlled MEMS Oscillator with Integrated Micro-Evaporation Trimming
by Binbin Pei, Ke Sun, Heng Yang, Chaozhan Ye, Peng Zhong, Tingting Yu and Xinxin Li
Sensors 2020, 20(8), 2373; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20082373 - 22 Apr 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3175
Abstract
This study reports an oven-controlled microelectromechanical systems oscillator with integrated micro-evaporation trimming that achieves frequency stability over the industrial temperature range and permanent frequency trimming after vacuum packaging. The length-extensional-mode resonator is micro-oven controlled and doped degenerately with phosphorous to achieve a frequency [...] Read more.
This study reports an oven-controlled microelectromechanical systems oscillator with integrated micro-evaporation trimming that achieves frequency stability over the industrial temperature range and permanent frequency trimming after vacuum packaging. The length-extensional-mode resonator is micro-oven controlled and doped degenerately with phosphorous to achieve a frequency instability of ±2.6 parts per million (ppm) in a temperature range of −40 to 85 °C. The micro-evaporators are bonded to the resonator, integrated face-to-face, and encapsulated in vacuum. During trimming, the micro-evaporators are heated electrically, and the aluminum layers on their surfaces are evaporated and deposited on the surface of the resonator that trims the resonant frequency of the resonator permanently. The impact of the frequency trimming on the temperature stability is very small. The temperature drift increases from ±2.6 ppm within the industrial temperature range before trimming to ±3.3 ppm after a permanent trimming of −426 ppm based on the local evaporation of Al. The trimming rate can be controlled by electric power. A resonator is coarse-trimmed by approximately −807 ppm with an evaporation power of 960 mW for 0.5 h, and fine-trimmed by approximately −815 ppm with an evaporation power of 456 mW for 1 h. Though the Q-factor decreases after trimming, a Q-factor of 304,240 is achieved after the trimming of −1442 ppm. Full article
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