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Active and Passive Radars on Mobile Platforms
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Active and Passive Radars on Mobile Platforms

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Remote Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 September 2021) | Viewed by 9665

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Mateusz Malanowski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
Interests: passive radar; synthetic aperture radar; noise radar; target tracking; digital signal processing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Installing a radar on a moving platform creates certain problems, such as Doppler-spread clutter, but also opens new possibilities, such as imaging of the Earth surface. A moving platform can be used as a carrier for both active and passive radar (that is, radar using the so-called “illuminators of opportunity”).

In the case of active systems, radar has been used on mobile platforms for several decades and the technology is well developed. Nevertheless, it is still an active topic of research.

Passive radar on a mobile platform is a much more underdeveloped technology, compared to the ground-based one. For this reason, very high activity can be observed in the recent years in this research topic. Therefore, the practical application of mobile passive radar within the next decade seems to be feasible. The most popular type of mobile platform for passive radar is airborne vehicle, such as aircraft, helicopter, or drone. However, other types of platforms, such as cars, tanks, ships, or satellites are also very promising choices.

This Special Issue, which is accordingly entitled “Active & Passive Radars on Mobile Platforms,” aims to attract researchers to submit their papers in one of the following areas:

  • Moving target detection
  • Radar imaging (SAR, ISAR)
  • Motion compensation
  • Clutter attenuation using STAP, DPCA-like methods
  • Challenges to radar signal processing specific to different moving platforms: ground, sea, air, space

The submitted paper should represent original work, however, submissions previously published can be considered provided that they are considerably extended.

Dr. Mateusz Malanowski
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • passive coherent location
  • passive bistatic radar
  • synthetic aperture radar
  • space time adaptive processing
  • displaced phase center antenna
  • mobile platforms

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 3780 KiB  
Article
Clutter Suppression Method for Off-Grid Effects Mitigation in Airborne Passive Radars with Contaminated Reference Signals
by Yaqi Deng, Wenguo Li, Saiwen Zhang, Fulong Wang, Weichu Xiao and Zhi Cui
Sensors 2021, 21(19), 6339; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21196339 - 23 Sep 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2150
Abstract
For an airborne passive radar with contaminated reference signals, the clutter caused by multipath (MP) signals involved in the reference channel (MP clutter) corrupts the covariance estimation in space-time adaptive processing (STAP). In order to overcome the severe STAP performance degradation caused by [...] Read more.
For an airborne passive radar with contaminated reference signals, the clutter caused by multipath (MP) signals involved in the reference channel (MP clutter) corrupts the covariance estimation in space-time adaptive processing (STAP). In order to overcome the severe STAP performance degradation caused by impure reference signals and off-grid effects, a novel MP clutter suppression method based on local search is proposed for airborne passive radar. In the proposed method, the global dictionary is constructed based on the sparse measurement model of MP clutter, and the global atoms that are most relevant to the residual are selected. Then, the local dictionary is designed iteratively, and local searches are performed to match real MP clutter points. Finally, the off-grid effects are mitigated, and the MP clutter is suppressed from all matched atoms. A range of simulations is conducted in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active and Passive Radars on Mobile Platforms)
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19 pages, 12031 KiB  
Article
Experimental Seaborne Passive Radar
by Gustaw Mazurek, Krzysztof Kulpa, Mateusz Malanowski and Aleksander Droszcz
Sensors 2021, 21(6), 2171; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062171 - 20 Mar 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3423
Abstract
Passive bistatic radar does not emit energy by itself but relies on the energy emitted by illuminators of opportunity, such as radio or television transmitters. Ground-based passive radars are relatively well-developed, as numerous demonstrators and operational systems are being built. Passive radar on [...] Read more.
Passive bistatic radar does not emit energy by itself but relies on the energy emitted by illuminators of opportunity, such as radio or television transmitters. Ground-based passive radars are relatively well-developed, as numerous demonstrators and operational systems are being built. Passive radar on a moving platform, however, is a relatively new field. In this paper, an experimental seaborne passive radar system is presented. The radar uses digital radio (DAB) and digital television (DVB-T) for target detection. Results of clutter analysis are presented, as well as detections of real-life targets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active and Passive Radars on Mobile Platforms)
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23 pages, 3861 KiB  
Article
A Three-Stage Inter-Channel Calibration Approach for Passive Radar on Moving Platforms Exploiting the Minimum Variance Power Spectrum
by Philipp Wojaczek, Diego Cristallini, Daniel W. O’Hagan, Fabiola Colone, Giovanni Paolo Blasone and Pierfrancesco Lombardo
Sensors 2021, 21(1), 69; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21010069 - 24 Dec 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2143
Abstract
Research in passive radar has moved its focus towards passive radar on moving platforms in recent years with the purpose of moving target indication and ground imaging via synthetic aperture radar. This is also fostered by the progress in hardware miniaturization, which alleviates [...] Read more.
Research in passive radar has moved its focus towards passive radar on moving platforms in recent years with the purpose of moving target indication and ground imaging via synthetic aperture radar. This is also fostered by the progress in hardware miniaturization, which alleviates the installation of the required hardware on moving platforms. Terrestrial transmitters, commonly known as illuminators of opportunity in the passive radar community, usually emit the signals in the Very High Frequency (VHF) or Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band. Due to the long wavelengths of the VHF/UHF band, there are constraints on the size of the used antenna elements, and therefore, the number of antenna elements to be employed is limited, especially as the platform carrying the passive radar system is intended to be small, potentially even an unmanned aerial vehicle. In order to detect moving targets hidden by Doppler shifted clutter returns, one common approach is to suppress the clutter returns by applying clutter suppression techniques that rely on spatial and temporal degrees of freedom, such as Displaced Phase Center Antenna (DPCA) or Space-Time Adaptive Processing. It has been shown that the DPCA approach is a meaningful technique to suppress the clutter if two antenna elements are employed. However, if the employed receiving channels are not carefully calibrated, the clutter suppression is shown to be not effective. Here, we suggest a three-stage calibration technique in order to perform the calibration of two receiving channels, which involves the exploitation of the direct signal, a data-adaptive amplitude calibration, and finally, a data-adaptive calibration of phase mismatches between both receiving channels by the estimation of the Minimum Variance Power Spectrum of the clutter. The validity of the proposed approach is shown with simulated data and demonstrated on real data from a fast ground moving platform, showing improved clutter cancellation capabilities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active and Passive Radars on Mobile Platforms)
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