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Embedded Systems for AI-Based Health Monitoring in Cyber Physical Systems

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Sensor Networks".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 7592

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineer, University of Peloponnese, 263 34 Patra, Greece
Interests: wireless sensor networks architectures and performance; cross-layer communication protocols; power optimization for wireless sensor networks; cyber physical systems; internet of things; embedded systems; network simulation; performance evaluation

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Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineer, University of Peloponnese, 263 34 Patra, Greece
Interests: embedded telecommunication systems; methodologies; tools and process models for system level design; hardware/software co-design of embedded systems; formal methods; object-oriented design of embedded systems and applications; reconfigurable systems

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Guest Editor
Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: low-power processor/memory design; multicore systems; VLIW/multi-threaded architectures; network and graphic processors; reconfigurable systems; power modeling methodologies; FPGA prototyping; compiler optimization techniques
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
I.S.I.—Industrial Systems Institute, ATHENA Research Center, Patras Science Park building, Platani, 265 04 Patras, Greece
Interests: optimization and learning with information streams; signal processing and learning for autonomous systems; distributed machine intelligence for edge computing systems

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The integration of embedded/cyberphysical systems and AI/ML advancements in health monitoring represents an emerging domain and a rapidly expanding multifaceted research area with vast societal and economic impacts. In this context, a wide range of ICT domains ranging from reliable hardware, embedded systems, multimodal sensors, wireless sensor communication, cloud computing, machine learning and AI algorithms, to security, robotics and many others are key enablers of Health 4.0 environments. This is also emphasized by the continuously expanding application domains where accurate, real-time, and multimodal health monitoring is of paramount importance including, but to limited to, health institutions, home environments, working environments, industry, smart city environments, and automotive environments, effectively mandating new healthcare paradigms and approaches. However, the wide range of involved heterogenous technological domains combined with the pressing need for added value services forms a nexus of diverse and potentially orthogonal challenges, which is imperative to tackle. In this framework, the Special Issue “Embedded Systems for AI-based Health Monitoring in Cyber Physical Systems” aims to promote the most recent technical advances in all relevant aspects, including theory, tools, applications, systems, testbeds, and in-the-field deployments. Both the theoretical derivations or practical development of AI-based health monitoring CPSs and testbeds are welcomed. Reviews and surveys of the state of the art in the respective systems are also welcome. Topics of interest to this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following topics:

  • AI-based health monitoring system architecture;
  • Control optimization of sensors and robots in next generation health monitoring CPSs;
  • Machine learning and AI algorithms in health monitoring;
  • Data mining and analytics;
  • Model-based design and verification of embedded systems in demanding health monitoring environments;
  • New low-power platforms and sensors for health monitoring;
  • Mobile and cloud computing for robotic systems in AI/ML-based health monitoring environments leveraging embedded systems;
  • Wired and wireless communication technologies in AI-based health monitoring;
  • Performance/power optimization through hardware accelerators and components;
  • Signal processing and fusion for complex AI/ML-based health monitoring environments;
  • Practical application-oriented system design for embedded systems in AI/ML health monitoring;
  • Security and privacy for next generation AI/ML-based health monitoring.

Dr. Christos Antonopoulos
Prof. Dr. Nikolaos Voros
Dr. Georgios Keramidas
Dr. Aris Lalos
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • health Monitoring CPSs
  • biomedical sensors/actuators
  • embedded systems
  • AI./ML health moinoring algorithms
  • IoT/Wireless Communication
  • efficient health monitoring hardware platforms
  • real-time health monitoring
  • model based health monitoring systems
  • physical and physicological helath monitoring
  • augemented/extended reality health moniroing platforms

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 476 KiB  
Article
Code Integrity and Confidentiality: An Active Data Approach for Active and Healthy Ageing
by Egor Litvinov, Henry Llumiguano, Maria J. Santofimia, Xavier del Toro, Felix J. Villanueva and Pedro Rocha
Sensors 2023, 23(10), 4794; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104794 - 16 May 2023
Viewed by 988
Abstract
Internet of Things cybersecurity is gaining attention as the number of devices installed in IoT environments is exponentially increasing while the number of attacks successfully addressed to these devices are also proliferating. Security concerns have, however, been mainly addressed to service availability and [...] Read more.
Internet of Things cybersecurity is gaining attention as the number of devices installed in IoT environments is exponentially increasing while the number of attacks successfully addressed to these devices are also proliferating. Security concerns have, however, been mainly addressed to service availability and information integrity and confidentiality. Code integrity, on the other hand, is not receiving proper attention, mainly because of the limited resources of these devices, thus preventing the implementation of advanced protection mechanisms. This situation calls for further research on how traditional mechanisms for code integrity can be adapted to IoT devices. This work presents a mechanism for code integrity in IoT devices based on a virtual-machine approach. A proof-of-concept virtual machine is presented, specially designed for providing code integrity during firmware updates. The proposed approach has been experimentally validated in terms of resource consumption among the most-widespread micro-controller units. The obtained results demonstrate the feasibility of this robust mechanism for code integrity. Full article
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17 pages, 2158 KiB  
Article
Contactless Camera-Based Heart Rate and Respiratory Rate Monitoring Using AI on Hardware
by Dimitrios Kolosov, Vasilios Kelefouras, Pandelis Kourtessis and Iosif Mporas
Sensors 2023, 23(9), 4550; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094550 - 07 May 2023
Viewed by 3716
Abstract
Detecting vital signs by using a contactless camera-based approach can provide several advantages over traditional clinical methods, such as lower financial costs, reduced visit times, increased comfort, and enhanced safety for healthcare professionals. Specifically, Eulerian Video Magnification (EVM) or Remote Photoplethysmography (rPPG) methods [...] Read more.
Detecting vital signs by using a contactless camera-based approach can provide several advantages over traditional clinical methods, such as lower financial costs, reduced visit times, increased comfort, and enhanced safety for healthcare professionals. Specifically, Eulerian Video Magnification (EVM) or Remote Photoplethysmography (rPPG) methods can be utilised to remotely estimate heart rate and respiratory rate biomarkers. In this paper two contactless camera-based health monitoring architectures are developed using EVM and rPPG, respectively; to this end, two different CNNs, (Mediapipe’s BlazeFace and FaceMesh) are used to extract suitable regions of interest from incoming video frames. These two methods are implemented and deployed on four off-the-shelf edge devices as well as on a PC and evaluated in terms of latency (in each stage of the application’s pipeline), throughput (FPS), power consumption (Watt), efficiency (throughput/Watt), and value (throughput/cost). This work provides important insights about the computational costs and bottlenecks of each method on each hardware platform, as well as which platform to use depending on the target metric. One of our insights shows that the Jetson Xavier NX platform is the best platform in terms of throughput and efficiency, while Raspberry Pi 4 8 GB is the best platform in terms of value. Full article
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