Intersections Between Work–Life Balance and Gender Policies: Equality and Sustainability for Caring and Family Transition

A special issue of Social Sciences (ISSN 2076-0760). This special issue belongs to the section "Work, Employment and the Labor Market".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2025 | Viewed by 4872

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Education Cultural Heritage and Tourism, University of Macerata, 62100 Macerata, Italy
Interests: work-family balance; gender policies; caring; equality; sustainability
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Co-Guest Editor
Department of Political and Social Science, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy
Interests: work-family balance; gender policies; caring; equality; sustainability

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The UN 2030 Agenda, in which Objective 5 is dedicated to gender equality, reiterates the urgent need for action regarding Sustainable Development. In 2019, the European Union issued a new work–life balance directive that contributes to and promotes gender equality through the increased participation of women in the labour market and the fair sharing of family care responsibilities between men and women. However, the lack of resources for reconciliation policies threatens the implementation of this directive.

The emergency measures introduced during the pandemic do not always seem to have responded effectively to the needs of families and gender inequalities.

Sustainability (as greater well-being) and equity (gender and generational) policies have often been given little consideration in the face of the complexity of the needs of individuals and families and their increasing differentiation. The personalised management of needs has increasingly highlighted the need for different interpretations of people's choice logic and governance models implemented by institutions at different territorial levels.

Theoretical and/or empirical research papers, based on qualitative and quantitative methods, adopting comparative, as well as country-specific approaches to explore the following topics, are particularly welcomed:

  • effectiveness in terms of welfare and sustainability of welfare services concerning work–life balance;
  • the innovativeness of governance models of care and personal services in support of work–life balance and gender equality;
  • the sustainability of work–life balance measures and services implemented by public, private or third-sector actors aimed at more significant equity between genders and generations;
  • the analysis of differentiated work–life balance needs;
  • the need for new and different approaches to interpreting work–family balance from a gender perspective (e.g., diversity management; diversity–equality–inclusion; corporate social/family responsibility, etc.) involving a plurality of actors;
  • the impact of welfare and inclusion policies implemented by public, private or third-sector actors on social sustainability, with a particular reference to Goal 5 of the UN2023 Agenda.

Prof. Dr. Isabella Crespi
Dr. Elena Macchioni
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • work–family balance
  • gender policies
  • caring
  • equality
  • sustainability

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 537 KiB  
Article
Child-Centered Versus Work-Centered Fathers’ Leave: Changing Fatherhood Ideals Versus Persisting Workplace Dynamics
by Sigtona Halrynjo and Ragni Hege Kitterød
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(2), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14020113 - 18 Feb 2025
Viewed by 228
Abstract
Fathers’ parental leave use has often been explained by differing fatherhood ideals among low vs. highly educated fathers. However, recent research reveals that 75% of the educational-level impact stems from workplace differences. Therefore, a deeper understanding of how workplace dynamics interact with both [...] Read more.
Fathers’ parental leave use has often been explained by differing fatherhood ideals among low vs. highly educated fathers. However, recent research reveals that 75% of the educational-level impact stems from workplace differences. Therefore, a deeper understanding of how workplace dynamics interact with both fathers’ ideals and actual leave practices is needed. Drawing on in-depth interviews with Norwegian fathers with and without higher education, we explore how different workplace dynamics, especially the degree of individual competition, interact with fatherhood ideals and fathers’ actual leave practices. We find strong adherence to the idea of ‘involved fatherhood’ and fathers’ quota across educational levels and workplace dynamics but large variation in practices. Our analyses show how childcare responsibility and absence from work responsibility do not necessarily correspond and how formal leave uptake and actual leave practices may differ. Our findings indicate that non-transferable fathers’ leave may dissolve former attitude-based divisions, as fathers across educational levels in collectively organized jobs support and practice child-centered leave. Still, fathers in competitive jobs may continue to practice ‘work-centered fatherhood’ despite their strong gender-egalitarian beliefs and formal leave uptake. Hence, workplace dynamics—especially the degree of individualized competition and the fear of becoming replaceable—may be more relevant than fatherhood ideals to understand and enhance fathers’ actual leave use and involved fatherhood practices. Full article
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18 pages, 422 KiB  
Article
From Passion to Burnout: The Role of Work–Family Conflict and Job Satisfaction in the Workplace
by Cátia Sousa and Ana Sofia Ferro
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(2), 104; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14020104 - 12 Feb 2025
Viewed by 757
Abstract
In the modern workplace, understanding the dynamics of work passion and its consequences on employee well-being is crucial. This quantitative study, conducted with Portuguese workers, seeks to examine and validate the Dualistic Model of Passion, which distinguishes between harmonious and obsessive passion, while [...] Read more.
In the modern workplace, understanding the dynamics of work passion and its consequences on employee well-being is crucial. This quantitative study, conducted with Portuguese workers, seeks to examine and validate the Dualistic Model of Passion, which distinguishes between harmonious and obsessive passion, while also exploring the intricate relationships among work passion, job satisfaction, work–family conflict, and burnout. Using mediation analyses and structural equation modeling (SEM), a convenience sample of 326 participants (169 men and 157 women), aged between 19 and 69 years (M = 41.31, SD = 10.52), was analyzed to uncover how different types of work passion—obsessive and harmonious—impact professional outcomes and well-being. The findings reveal that obsessive passion for work is a significant predictor of work–family conflict, which, in turn, escalates the risk of burnout. In contrast, harmonious passion is positively associated with increased job satisfaction and acts as a buffer against the negative effects of work–family conflict. Notably, contrary to initial assumptions, obsessive passion does not directly precipitate burnout. Mediation analyses confirmed that work–family conflict plays a key role in this process, while SEM results demonstrated strong model fit indices, reinforcing its relevance and applicability in organizational settings. These results offer crucial insights for both theoretical advancement and practical applications, highlighting the importance of fostering a work environment that nurtures harmonious passion. By doing so, organizations can mitigate conflict and burnout while promoting higher levels of job satisfaction among employees. Full article
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21 pages, 1305 KiB  
Article
Disentangling the Role of Composition Factors in Fertility Responses to Unemployment
by Thaís García-Pereiro, Roberta Misuraca, Roberta Pace and Raffaella Patimo
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 683; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120683 - 17 Dec 2024
Viewed by 546
Abstract
Using a macro-panel data set from 20 Italian regions, this study explores the relationship between unemployment and fertility in Italy between 2006 and 2018. It contributes to recent literature on this subject by considering gender-specific unemployment measures and examining the influence of two [...] Read more.
Using a macro-panel data set from 20 Italian regions, this study explores the relationship between unemployment and fertility in Italy between 2006 and 2018. It contributes to recent literature on this subject by considering gender-specific unemployment measures and examining the influence of two important compositional factors on fertility responses, namely the presence of foreign women and daily childcare coverage, and the influence of both of these on the link between unemployment and fertility. The study reveals a procyclical relationship between unemployment rates, used as a proxy of variations in business cycles, and fertility. Positive influences of foreign women’s contribution and daily childcare coverage on fertility are uncovered, suggesting a potential mitigation effect on declining fertility trends during the period under observation. Full article
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17 pages, 279 KiB  
Article
Fathers’ Experiences of Juggling Work and Family Life in Abu Dhabi Workplaces
by Martina Dickson, Jessica Midraj, Melissa McMinn, Hala Sukkar, Maram Alharthi and Barbara Read
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(11), 592; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13110592 - 31 Oct 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1364
Abstract
In academic literature, fathers often cite barriers related to their employment, which may halt or negatively influence their level of involvement with their children. This is sometimes reported in relation to practices and policies around leave, such as for new-born children or child [...] Read more.
In academic literature, fathers often cite barriers related to their employment, which may halt or negatively influence their level of involvement with their children. This is sometimes reported in relation to practices and policies around leave, such as for new-born children or child illness, and flexibility in leaving the workplace to attend key events in children’s lives. Research has also shown that fathers receiving validation of their paternal status in the workplace is an important factor for fathers’ emotional well-being, work life balance, and self-efficacy. In this study, we look at the needs and priorities of fathers working in the capital of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Abu Dhabi. We used in-depth one-on-one interviews with employed fathers (n = 50) in order to create a detailed picture of their lived experiences, and with human resources personnel (n = 3) to understand if/how fathers are supported in the workplace. We discuss the implications of these experiences and present fathers’ suggestions for employers and workplaces to provide further support to nurture working conditions in which a work–life balance and employee well-being are more likely to be achieved. Full article
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