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Symmetry
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Advances of Asymmetry/Symmetry in High Energy Physics
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Advances of Asymmetry/Symmetry in High Energy Physics

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2026 | Viewed by 2870

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Alexandre Rodrigues Vieira

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Adjunct Professor, Campus Iturama, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Iturama 38280-000, MG, Brazil
Interests: regularization; renormalization; quantum corrections and quantum field theories with violation of Lorentz symmetry
Dr. Albert Petrov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Associate Professor, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-970, Brazil
Interests: supersymmetry; superfields; noncommutativity; Lorentz symmetry breaking; effective action and renormalization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Paulo José Ferreira Porfírio da Silva

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Associate Professor, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-970, Brazil
Interests: breaking Lorentz symmetry in modified theories of gravity: classical and quantum aspects; hidden symmetries near the horizon of extended objects from supergravity classical aspects of non-local gravitational field theories

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Symmetries in Physics are one of the main aspects of the construction of field theories. The very definition of an elementary particle is related to the concept of symmetry, supersymmetric theories are built based on the Poincaré group, and the form of particle interactions is determined by symmetries. 

As important as symmetries are the violations of them. The asymmetry between matter and antimatter in the universe is still an unsolved mystery. Also, although theories possess symmetries at classical levels and are built according to them, quantum corrections can break them. The quantum breaking of a classical symmetry is called an anomaly, and it is related to observable processes. From a physical point of view, it is mandatory to find out if the anomaly is indeed real or spurious. Furthermore, it is interesting from an experimental point of view to check how good the symmetries that we take for granted are. For instance, the Standard Model Extension is a symmetry breaking framework that makes it possible to test how good Lorentz and CPT symmetries are by means of several precise experiments.

This Special Issue cover several aspects of asymmetries/symmetries in particle physics, including supersymmetry, anomalies in quantum field theory, Lorentz and CPT violation, spontaneous symmetry breaking, and baryogenesis, among others.

Dr. Alexandre Rodrigues Vieira
Prof. Dr. Albert Petrov
Prof. Dr. Paulo José Ferreira Porfírio da Silva
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • anomalies in QFT
  • supersymmetry
  • baryogenesis
  • spontaneous and explicit symmetry breaking
  • Lorentz and CPT violation
  • space-time symmetries
  • renormalization and symmetries
  • standard model extension

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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26 pages, 3457 KB  
Article
Study of Thermodynamic Properties of Ks0, Λ, Ξ−, and d/d_ Produced in Symmetric Proton–Proton Collisions at SNN = 0.9 TeV and 7 TeV
by Abdul Qudus, Imran Khan, Ouazir Salem, Moustafa Salouci and Abd Haj Ismail
Symmetry 2025, 17(12), 2098; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17122098 - 7 Dec 2025
Viewed by 914
Abstract
We study the thermodynamic properties produced in symmetric p–p collisions at sNN=0.9TeV and 7TeV, based on experimental data by the ALICE collaboration at CERN. Particularly, we analyze the initial temperature Ti, effective [...] Read more.
We study the thermodynamic properties produced in symmetric p–p collisions at sNN=0.9TeV and 7TeV, based on experimental data by the ALICE collaboration at CERN. Particularly, we analyze the initial temperature Ti, effective temperature T, freeze-out temperature T0, chemical potential μ, mean transverse momentum ⟨pT⟩, freeze-out volume V, and transverse flow velocity βT of different hadrons such as KS0, Λ, Ξ−, and d/d¯. To effectively use the transverse momentum pT distributions of these hadrons, and to extract the thermodynamic parameters, the Single-Slope Standard Distribution with and without the chemical potential μ, the Double-Slope Standard Distribution, and the modified Standard Distribution Functions are applied separately to fit the experimental data. The Modified Standard Distribution Function provides the most accurate description of the ALICE experimental data as compared to the Single-Slope (with and without μ) and Double-Slope Standard Distribution Function. We have investigated the correlation between the extracted thermodynamic parameters and the measurements of mass and energy of particles of the collision, and we observed that the increase in sNN is positively correlated with Ti, T, T0, ⟨pT⟩, V, and negatively correlated with μ. The comparison of p–p collisions with heavy-ion collisions (Au–Au collisions) suggests the possibility of collective-like dynamics even in small systems, which supports the hypothesis of thermalization and partial de-confinement in high-energy p–p collisions, indicating a transition towards a quark-gluon plasma (QGP)-like medium. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Asymmetry/Symmetry in High Energy Physics)
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10 pages, 560 KB  
Article
Insights into Freezeout Dynamics in Symmetric Heavy Ion Collisions with Changing Event Centrality
by Pei-Pin Yang, Atef Abdelkader, Lamiaa Galal Amin, Haji Muhammad Bilal Hussain, Ouazir Salem and Moustafa Salouci
Symmetry 2025, 17(5), 744; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17050744 - 13 May 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 918
Abstract
This study presents the investigation of freezeout parameters, namely the kinetic freezeout temperature (T) and transverse flow velocity (βT), in different centrality intervals with fixed as well as with variable flow profile (n0) in the [...] Read more.
This study presents the investigation of freezeout parameters, namely the kinetic freezeout temperature (T) and transverse flow velocity (βT), in different centrality intervals with fixed as well as with variable flow profile (n0) in the blast-wave model (using Boltzmann Gibbs statistics). The model is used to fit the experimental data of transverse momentum spectra of π+, K+, and p in Au–Au and Pb–Pb collisions at 200 GeV and 2.76 TeV, respectively. In our observation, when the parameter n0 is considered as a free parameter, the parameter T decreases from head-on to peripheral collisions, while it increases towards the periphery if n0 is fixed. In addition, parameter βT decreases from central to peripheral collisions in both cases. These findings provide valuable insights into the dynamics of quark-gluon plasma formation and expansion in high-energy nuclear collisions. Moreover, the kinetic freezeout temperature T and the transverse flow velocity βT are mass-dependent; while the former becomes larger for massive particles, the latter becomes larger for light particles, showing the mass differential kinetic freezeout scenario. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Asymmetry/Symmetry in High Energy Physics)
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Review

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20 pages, 344 KB  
Review
Chiral Symmetry in Implicit Regularization: A Review
by Adriano Cherchiglia, Ricardo J. C. Rosado, Marcos Sampaio and Brigitte Hiller
Symmetry 2026, 18(1), 160; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18010160 - 15 Jan 2026
Viewed by 305
Abstract
Chiral interactions pose significant challenges for regularization due to the γ5 Dirac matrix, which is intrinsically four-dimensional. Dimensional regularizations, while widely employed in gauge theories, encounter challenges when treating γ5 in d≠4 dimensions, potentially leading to violations of chiral [...] Read more.
Chiral interactions pose significant challenges for regularization due to the γ5 Dirac matrix, which is intrinsically four-dimensional. Dimensional regularizations, while widely employed in gauge theories, encounter challenges when treating γ5 in d≠4 dimensions, potentially leading to violations of chiral symmetry and the emergence of spurious anomalies. In this work, we examine aspects of Implicit Regularization, a framework formulated to operate in the physical dimension, thereby potentially avoiding ambiguities associated with γ5. We discuss its implementation and implications for symmetry preservation in chiral gauge theories. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Asymmetry/Symmetry in High Energy Physics)
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