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Symmetry
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Brain, Behavior and Cognition
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Brain, Behavior and Cognition

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Life Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 6795

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Enrica Santarcangelo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Interests: hypnotizability; imagery; hypnosis; sensorimotor integration; interoception; cognition; pain cognitive control
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This forthcoming Special Issue will bring together empirical and review articles that offer new insights into the complex interaction between brain structure and function, cognition and behavior in healthy subjects and patients. Special focus will emphasize the advances relevant to a systems-level understanding of the human brain. Since both functional lateralization and hemispheric balance play a role in healthy behavior and cognition, authors are encouraged to submit papers dealing with neuropsychological, neurophysiological, morphological, and biochemical symmetries/asymmetries potentially relevant to cognition and behavior. The effects of treatments aimed at contrasting the effects of altered symmetries and asymmetries will be considered a useful contribution to the field. Reports of basic, clinical, and methodological research are encouraged.

Dr. Enrica Santarcangelo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 4094 KiB  
Article
Cortical Activation in Mental Rotation and the Role of the Corpus Callosum: Observations in Healthy Subjects and Split-Brain Patients
by Chiara Pierpaoli, Mojgan Ghoushi, Nicoletta Foschi, Simona Lattanzi, Mara Fabri and Gabriele Polonara
Symmetry 2021, 13(10), 1953; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13101953 - 16 Oct 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1924
Abstract
The mental rotation (MR) is an abstract mental operation thanks to which a person imagines rotating an object or a body part to place it in an other position. The ability to perform MR was belived to belong to the right hemisphere for [...] Read more.
The mental rotation (MR) is an abstract mental operation thanks to which a person imagines rotating an object or a body part to place it in an other position. The ability to perform MR was belived to belong to the right hemisphere for objects, and to the left for one’s ownbody images. Mental rotation is considered to be basic for imitation with the anatomical perspective, which in turn is needed for social interactions and learning. Altered imitative performances have been reported in patients with resections or microstructure alterations of the corpus callosum (CC). These patients also display a reduced MR ability compared to control subjects, as shown in a recent behavioral study. The difference was statistically significant, leading us to hypothesize a role of the CC to integrate the two hemispheres’ asymmetric functions. The present study was designed to detect, by means of a functional MRI, the cortical activation evoked during an MR task in healthy control subjects and callosotomized patients. The results suggest that performing MR requires activation of opercular cortex and inferior parietal lobule in either hemispheres, and likely the integrity of the CC, thus confirming that the main brain commissure is involved in cognitive functions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Brain, Behavior and Cognition)
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17 pages, 2133 KiB  
Article
Coupling between Trigeminal-Induced Asymmetries in Locus Coeruleus Activity and Cognitive Performance
by Maria Paola Tramonti Fantozzi, Ottavia Marconi, Federica Simoni, Vincenzo De Cicco, Davide De Cicco, Enrico Cataldo, Massimo Barresi, Luca Bruschini, Paola d’Ascanio, Ugo Faraguna and Diego Manzoni
Symmetry 2021, 13(9), 1676; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13091676 - 11 Sep 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1614
Abstract
In humans, the asymmetry in the masseter electromyographic (EMG) activity during clenching is positively correlated with the degree of pupil size asymmetry (anisocoria) at rest. Anisocoria reveals an asymmetry in LC activity, which may lead to an imbalance in cortical excitability, detrimental to [...] Read more.
In humans, the asymmetry in the masseter electromyographic (EMG) activity during clenching is positively correlated with the degree of pupil size asymmetry (anisocoria) at rest. Anisocoria reveals an asymmetry in LC activity, which may lead to an imbalance in cortical excitability, detrimental to performance. Hereby, we investigated, in individual subjects, the possibility that occlusal correction, which decreases EMG asymmetry, improves performance by balancing LC activity. Cognitive performance, task-related mydriasis, and pupil size at rest were modified by changing the occlusal condition. Occlusal-related changes in performance and mydriasis were negatively correlated with anisocoria changes in only 12/20 subjects. Within this population, spontaneous fluctuations in mydriasis and anisocoria also appeared negatively coupled. Occlusal-related changes in performance and mydriasis were negatively correlated with those in average pupil size (a proxy of average LC activity) in 19/20 subjects. The strongest association was observed for the pupil changes occurring on the side with higher EMG activity during clenching. These findings indicate that the effects of occlusal conditions on cognitive performance were coupled to changes in the asymmetry of LC activity in about half of the subjects, while they were related to changes in the average tonic LC activity in virtually all of them. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Brain, Behavior and Cognition)
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19 pages, 1500 KiB  
Article
Linear and Nonlinear Quantitative EEG Analysis during Neutral Hypnosis following an Opened/Closed Eye Paradigm
by Gianluca Rho, Alejandro Luis Callara, Giovanni Petri, Mimma Nardelli, Enzo Pasquale Scilingo, Alberto Greco and Vilfredo De Pascalis
Symmetry 2021, 13(8), 1423; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13081423 - 4 Aug 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2681
Abstract
Hypnotic susceptibility is a major factor influencing the study of the neural correlates of hypnosis using EEG. In this context, while its effects on the response to hypnotic suggestions are undisputed, less attention has been paid to “neutral hypnosis” (i.e., the hypnotic condition [...] Read more.
Hypnotic susceptibility is a major factor influencing the study of the neural correlates of hypnosis using EEG. In this context, while its effects on the response to hypnotic suggestions are undisputed, less attention has been paid to “neutral hypnosis” (i.e., the hypnotic condition in absence of suggestions). Furthermore, although an influence of opened and closed eye condition onto hypnotizability has been reported, a systematic investigation is still missing. Here, we analyzed EEG signals from 34 healthy subjects with low (LS), medium (MS), and (HS) hypnotic susceptibility using power spectral measures (i.e., TPSD, PSD) and Lempel-Ziv-Complexity (i.e., LZC, fLZC). Indeed, LZC was found to be more suitable than other complexity measures for EEG analysis, while it has been never used in the study of hypnosis. Accordingly, for each measure, we investigated within-group differences between rest and neutral hypnosis, and between opened-eye/closed-eye conditions under both rest and neutral hypnosis. Then, we evaluated between-group differences for each experimental condition. We observed that, while power estimates did not reveal notable differences between groups, LZC and fLZC were able to distinguish between HS, MS, and LS. In particular, we found a left frontal difference between HS and LS during closed-eye rest. Moreover, we observed a symmetric pattern distinguishing HS and LS during closed-eye hypnosis. Our results suggest that LZC is better capable of discriminating subjects with different hypnotic susceptibility, as compared to standard power analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Brain, Behavior and Cognition)
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