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Symmetry
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Symmetry in Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids
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Symmetry in Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Mathematics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2020) | Viewed by 21352

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Gholamreza Kefayati

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart Tasmania, TAS 7001, Australia
Interests: CFD; heat and mass transfer; nanofluid; MHD; ferrofluid; non-Newtonian fluid
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fluids can be classified into the two main groups of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. The main difference between Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids is the relationship between the extra stress tensor and the rate of the strain tensor.
This Special Issue invites you to contribute your original research work and review articles on “Symmetry in Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids” that either advances the state-of-the-art of mathematical methods, theoretical, or experimental studies, or extends the bounds of existing methodologies to new contributions related to the symmetry, asymmetry, and lie symmetries of differential equations proposed as mathematical models in Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluids to address current challenges. We hope that this Special Issue will provide an overall picture and up-to-date findings to the scientific community that will ultimately benefit the industrial sector regarding its specific market niches and end users. The potential topics include, but are not limited to, the symmetry method, the lie group, homotopy perturbation, homotopy analysis, perturbative series, differential transform, integral transform, numerical simulations and approximate, finite element, volume and difference methods, and other new technologies.

Dr. Gholamreza Kefayati
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids
  • heat and mass transfer
  • computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
  • nanofluids
  • thermodynamics
  • porous media
  • magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)
  • ferrofluids

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 1086 KiB  
Article
Lorentz Forces Effects on the Interactions of Nanoparticles in Emerging Mechanisms with Innovative Approach
by Noor Saeed Khan, Qayyum Shah, Arif Sohail, Poom Kumam, Phatiphat Thounthong, Amiya Bhaumik and Zafar Ullah
Symmetry 2020, 12(10), 1700; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12101700 - 15 Oct 2020
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2834
Abstract
This paper focuses on advances in the understanding of both the fundamental and applied aspects of nanomaterials. Nanoparticles (titania and graphene oxide) in water-based fluid lying on a surface incorporating the leading edge accretion (or ablation) are analyzed. Entropy generation rate is also [...] Read more.
This paper focuses on advances in the understanding of both the fundamental and applied aspects of nanomaterials. Nanoparticles (titania and graphene oxide) in water-based fluid lying on a surface incorporating the leading edge accretion (or ablation) are analyzed. Entropy generation rate is also considered. The Hall current effect is induced in the flow of hybrid nanofluid, due to which the two-dimensional study converts into three-dimensional space. Similarity transformations convert the equations of momentum, heat transfer, nanoparticles volume fraction and boundary conditions into non-dimensional form. Mathematica software is used to obtain the computation through homotopy analysis method. Analysis is provided through the effects of different parameters on different profiles by sketching the graphs. Flow, heat transfer and nanoparticles concentration in TiO2/H2O, as well as GO-TiO2/H2O, are decreased with increasing the Stefan blowing effect, while entropy generation rate elevates upon increasing each parameter. Both of the velocity components are reduced with increasing the Hall parameter. Streamlines demonstrate that trapping is increased at the left side of the surface. The obtained results are compared with the published work which show the authentication of the present work. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids)
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19 pages, 2297 KiB  
Article
Multi-Scale Insights on the Threshold Pressure Gradient in Low-Permeability Porous Media
by Huimin Wang, Jianguo Wang, Xiaolin Wang and Andrew Chan
Symmetry 2020, 12(3), 364; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12030364 - 2 Mar 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2922
Abstract
Low-permeability porous medium usually has asymmetric distributions of pore sizes and pore-throat tortuosity, thus has a non-linear flow behavior with an initial pressure gradient observed in experiments. A threshold pressure gradient (TPG) has been proposed as a crucial parameter to describe this non-linear [...] Read more.
Low-permeability porous medium usually has asymmetric distributions of pore sizes and pore-throat tortuosity, thus has a non-linear flow behavior with an initial pressure gradient observed in experiments. A threshold pressure gradient (TPG) has been proposed as a crucial parameter to describe this non-linear flow behavior. However, the determination of this TPG is still unclear. This study provides multi-scale insights on the TPG in low-permeability porous media. First, a semi-empirical formula of TPG was proposed based on a macroscopic relationship with permeability, water saturation, and pore pressure, and verified by three sets of experimental data. Second, a fractal model of capillary tubes was developed to link this TPG formula with structural parameters of porous media (pore-size distribution fractal dimension and tortuosity fractal dimension), residual water saturation, and capillary pressure. The effect of pore structure complexity on the TPG is explicitly derived. It is found that the effects of water saturation and pore pressure on the TPG follow an exponential function and the TPG is a linear function of yield stress. These effects are also spatially asymmetric. Complex pore structures significantly affect the TPG only in the range of low porosity, but water saturation and yield stress have effects on a wider range of porosity. These results are meaningful to the understanding of non-linear flow mechanism in low-permeability reservoirs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids)
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17 pages, 2562 KiB  
Article
Hydromagnetic Flow of Micropolar Nanofluid
by Khuram Rafique, Muhammad Imran Anwar, Masnita Misiran, Ilyas Khan, Dumitru Baleanu, Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar, El-Sayed M. Sherif and Asiful H. Seikh
Symmetry 2020, 12(2), 251; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12020251 - 6 Feb 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2468
Abstract
Similar to other fluids (Newtonian and non-Newtonian), micropolar fluid also exhibits symmetric flow and exact symmetric solution similar to the Navier–Stokes equation; however, it is not always realizable. In this article, the Buongiorno mathematical model of hydromagnetic micropolar nanofluid is considered. A joint [...] Read more.
Similar to other fluids (Newtonian and non-Newtonian), micropolar fluid also exhibits symmetric flow and exact symmetric solution similar to the Navier–Stokes equation; however, it is not always realizable. In this article, the Buongiorno mathematical model of hydromagnetic micropolar nanofluid is considered. A joint phenomenon of heat and mass transfer is studied in this work. This model indeed incorporates two important effects, namely, the Brownian motion and the thermophoretic. In addition, the effects of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and chemical reaction are considered. The fluid is taken over a slanted, stretching surface making an inclination with the vertical one. Suitable similarity transformations are applied to develop a nonlinear transformed model in terms of ODEs (ordinary differential equations). For the numerical simulations, an efficient, stable, and reliable scheme of Keller-box is applied to the transformed model. More exactly, the governing system of equations is written in the first order system and then arranged in the forms of a matrix system using the block-tridiagonal factorization. These numerical simulations are then arranged in graphs for various parameters of interest. The physical quantities including skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number along with different effects involved in the governing equations are also justified through graphs. The consequences reveal that concentration profile increases by increasing chemical reaction parameters. In addition, the Nusselt number and Sherwood number decreases by decreasing the inclination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids)
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16 pages, 6185 KiB  
Article
Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Flow of Micropolar Fluid with Effects of Viscous Dissipation and Joule Heating Over an Exponential Shrinking Sheet: Triple Solutions and Stability Analysis
by Liaquat Ali Lund, Zurni Omar, Ilyas Khan, Jawad Raza, El-Sayed M. Sherif and Asiful H. Seikh
Symmetry 2020, 12(1), 142; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12010142 - 10 Jan 2020
Cited by 59 | Viewed by 3698
Abstract
A numerical study was carried out to examine the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of micropolar fluid on a shrinking surface in the presence of both Joule heating and viscous dissipation effects. The governing system of non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) was obtained from the [...] Read more.
A numerical study was carried out to examine the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of micropolar fluid on a shrinking surface in the presence of both Joule heating and viscous dissipation effects. The governing system of non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) was obtained from the system of partial differential equations (PDEs) by employing exponential transformations. The resultant equations were transformed into initial value problems (IVPs) by shooting technique and then solved by the Runge–Kutta (RK) method. The effects of different parameters on velocity, angular velocity, temperature profiles, skin friction coefficient, and Nusselt number were obtained and demonstrated graphically. We observed that multiple solutions occurred in certain assortments of the parameters for suction on a surface. The stability analysis of solutions was performed, and we noted that the first solution was stable while the remaining two solutions were not. The results also showed that the velocity of the fluid increased as the non-Newtonian parameter rose in all solutions. Furthermore, it was detected that the temperature of fluid rose at higher values of the Eckert number in all solutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids)
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20 pages, 8991 KiB  
Article
Stability Analysis and Dual Solutions of Micropolar Nanofluid over the Inclined Stretching/Shrinking Surface with Convective Boundary Condition
by Liaquat Ali Lund, Zurni Omar, Umair Khan, Ilyas Khan, Dumitru Baleanu and Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar
Symmetry 2020, 12(1), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12010074 - 2 Jan 2020
Cited by 43 | Viewed by 3325
Abstract
The present study accentuates the heat transfer characteristics of a convective condition of micropolar nanofluid on a permeable shrinking/stretching inclined surface. Brownian and thermophoresis effects are also involved to incorporate energy and concentration equations. Moreover, linear similarity transformation has been used to transform [...] Read more.
The present study accentuates the heat transfer characteristics of a convective condition of micropolar nanofluid on a permeable shrinking/stretching inclined surface. Brownian and thermophoresis effects are also involved to incorporate energy and concentration equations. Moreover, linear similarity transformation has been used to transform the system of governing partial differential equations (PDEs) into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The numerical comparison has been done with the previously published results and found in good agreement graphically and tabular form by using the shooting method in MAPLE software. Dual solutions have been found in the specific range of shrinking/stretching surface parameters and the mass suction parameter for the opposing flow case. Moreover, the skin friction coefficient, the heat transfer coefficient, the couple stress coefficient, and the concentration transfer rate decelerate in both solutions against the mass suction parameter for the augmentation of the micropolar parameter respectively. The first (second) solution is the stable (unstable) solution and can (not) be considered as a real solution as the values of the smallest eigenvalues are positive (negative). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids)
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19 pages, 3939 KiB  
Article
Numerical Investigation of Aligned Magnetic Flow Comprising Nanoliquid over a Radial Stretchable Surface with Cattaneo–Christov Heat Flux with Entropy Generation
by A. Zaib, Umair Khan, Ilyas Khan, Asiful H. Seikh and El-Sayed M. Sherif
Symmetry 2019, 11(12), 1520; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11121520 - 15 Dec 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2465
Abstract
The influence of entropy generation on aligned magnetic flow-including nanoparticles through a convectively heated radial stretched surface in the existence of Cattaneo–Christov heat flux is inspected. The highly nonlinear leading PDE’s via the similar scaling transformation are developed. The resulting system via the [...] Read more.
The influence of entropy generation on aligned magnetic flow-including nanoparticles through a convectively heated radial stretched surface in the existence of Cattaneo–Christov heat flux is inspected. The highly nonlinear leading PDE’s via the similar scaling transformation are developed. The resulting system via the bvp4c technique from Matlab is computed. The impacts of rising constraints on the liquid velocity, nanoparticles concentration and temperature profile are argued and showed via portraits and table. In addition, the performance of liquid flow is inspected through the friction factor, the mass and heat transfer rate. With the rise in the thermal relaxation constraint, the thermal boundary layer is appreciably altered. Due to an aligned angle, the velocity of nanoliquid declines, while the concentration and temperature of nanofluid augment. It is also observed that the values of friction factor increase, whereas the values of heat and mass transfer decline due to an aligned angle. Entropy generation profiles developed due to magnetic parameters and the aligned angle. Lastly, a comparative scrutiny is composed via the previous studies which lead to support for our presently developed model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids)
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20 pages, 4323 KiB  
Article
Heat Transfer Analysis of a Magneto-Bio-Fluid Transport with Variable Thermal Viscosity Through a Vertical Ciliated Channel
by Ali Ahmad Farooq, Zahir Shah and Ebraheem O. Alzahrani
Symmetry 2019, 11(10), 1240; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11101240 - 4 Oct 2019
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 2940
Abstract
We communicate the responses of various physiological fluids containing hemoglobin and other ionic constituents when they propagate in the presence of an electromagnetic body force field with the mechanisms of heat generation and conduction. A fully developed mixed convective flow of a Newtonian [...] Read more.
We communicate the responses of various physiological fluids containing hemoglobin and other ionic constituents when they propagate in the presence of an electromagnetic body force field with the mechanisms of heat generation and conduction. A fully developed mixed convective flow of a Newtonian fluid takes place through a 2D vertical channel in the presence of an external magnetic field acting in the direction normal to the flow. The inner surface of the channel is carpeted with a thick mat of cilia, which propagates a sinusoidal metachronal wave travelling in the direction of flow. Coupled, nonlinear governing Naiver-Stokes and temperature equations are simplified by utilizing the creeping flow and long wavelength approximations. This enables us to formulate the exact analytical solution of the temperature distribution; whereas, the velocity distribution is evaluated from the momentum equations by using the Adomian decomposition method. In order to determine the pumping characteristics, the formulae of volume flow rate and the pressure rise are also obtained. Trapping due to the ciliary system is highlighted by graphing the stream function. The findings of the present model have significant outputs, which can be applicable in the physiological transport of human semen through the male reproduction system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids)
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