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Toxins
Special Issues
Bioactive Toxins in Marine Organism: Detection and Harmful Impacts
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Bioactive Toxins in Marine Organism: Detection and Harmful Impacts

A special issue of Toxins (ISSN 2072-6651). This special issue belongs to the section "Marine and Freshwater Toxins".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 4192

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Sónia Pedro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
IPMA-Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: marine biotoxins; seafood poisoning; toxicity; detection and quantification techniques; screening seafood safety; exposure assessment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Maria Leonor Nunes

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
Interests: seafood products; preservation/processing technologies and quality and safety

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bioactive marine toxins are produced by certain types of harmful microalgae, which can be assimilated by marine organisms and transferred to others. When these biotoxins are accumulated by edible species, their ingestion poses a health hazard to both humans and some marine vertebrates, such as mammals.

These biotoxins can be classified based on chemical properties and associated syndromes. The main human illnesses they are related to are amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), pufferfish poisoning (PFP), diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP), azaspiracid poisoning (AZP), ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), and neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP). Other toxic compounds usually found in shellfish also comprise the yessotoxin group and cyclic imines.

Despite the relevance of published studies contributing to this topic, more and better data are required concerning exposure and associated risk, especially for more susceptible populations, such as fishermen and high-seafood consumers. Moreover, there is an urge for advanced techniques for detection/quantification of emergent marine biotoxins and faster techniques for screening of traditional bioactive toxins of marine origin.

This Special Issue focuses on both traditional and emergent bioactive marine toxins, detection and quantification techniques, occurrence, exposure, and harmful impacts associated with seafood consumption.

Dr. Sónia Pedro
Dr. Maria Leonor Nunes
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a double-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxins is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • marine biotoxins
  • seafood poisoning
  • toxicity
  • detection and quantification techniques
  • screening seafood safety
  • exposure assessment

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 3686 KiB  
Article
Multistage Detection of Tetrodotoxin Traces in Diodon hystrix Collected in El Salvador
by Juan Carlos Fuentes-Monteverde, Marvin J. Núñez, Oscar Amaya-Monterosa, Morena L. Martínez, Jaime Rodríguez and Carlos Jiménez
Toxins 2023, 15(7), 409; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15070409 - 25 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1496
Abstract
This study describes a multistage methodology to detect minute amounts of tetrodotoxin in fishes, a plan that may be broadened to include other marine organisms. This methodology was applied to porcupinefish (Diodon hystrix) collected in Punta Chiquirín, El Salvador. A three-stage [...] Read more.
This study describes a multistage methodology to detect minute amounts of tetrodotoxin in fishes, a plan that may be broadened to include other marine organisms. This methodology was applied to porcupinefish (Diodon hystrix) collected in Punta Chiquirín, El Salvador. A three-stage approach along with post-acquisition processing was employed, to wit: (a) Sample screening by selected reaction monitoring (HPLC-MS/MS-SRM) analyses to quickly identify possible toxin presence via a LC/MS/MS API 3200 system with a triple quadrupole; (b) HPLC-HRFTMS-full scan analyses using an ion trap-Orbitrap spectrometer combined with an MZmine 2-enhanced dereplication-like workflow to collect high-resolution mass spectra; and (c) HPLC-HRMS2 analyses. This is the first time tetrodotoxin has been reported in D. hystrix specimens collected in El Salvador. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Toxins in Marine Organism: Detection and Harmful Impacts)
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23 pages, 2709 KiB  
Article
Bivalve Shellfish Safety in Portugal: Variability of Faecal Levels, Metal Contaminants and Marine Biotoxins during the Last Decade (2011–2020)
by Ana Catarina Braga, Susana Margarida Rodrigues, Helena Maria Lourenço, Pedro Reis Costa and Sónia Pedro
Toxins 2023, 15(2), 91; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15020091 - 18 Jan 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2222
Abstract
Bivalves are a high-value product whose production has markedly increased, reaching 9863 tonnes in Portugal in 2021. Bivalves’ habitats—lagoons, estuaries and coastal waters—are exposed to biological and anthropogenic contaminants, which can bioaccumulate in these organisms and pose a significant public health risk. The [...] Read more.
Bivalves are a high-value product whose production has markedly increased, reaching 9863 tonnes in Portugal in 2021. Bivalves’ habitats—lagoons, estuaries and coastal waters—are exposed to biological and anthropogenic contaminants, which can bioaccumulate in these organisms and pose a significant public health risk. The need to obtain a safe product for human consumption led to the implementation of standardised hygiene regulations for harvesting and marketing bivalve molluscs, resulting in routine monitoring of bivalve production areas for microbial quality, metal contaminants, and marine biotoxins. While excessive levels of biotoxins and metal contamination lead to temporary harvesting bans, high faecal contamination leads to area reclassification and impose post-harvest treatments. In this study, the seasonal and temporal variability of these parameters were analysed using historical data generated by the monitoring programme during the last decade. Moreover, the impact of the monitoring program on bivalve harvesting from 2011 to 2020 was assessed. This program presented a considerable improvement over time, with an increase in the sampling effort and the overall program representativeness. Finally, contamination risk, revising control measures, and defining recommendations for risk mitigation measures are given in the light of ten years’ monitoring. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Toxins in Marine Organism: Detection and Harmful Impacts)
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