Current Visceral Leishmaniasis Research

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Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus 45662-900, Brazil
Interests: leishmaniasis; prevention; control; mathematical models; geoprocessing

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WHO Collaborating Centre for Leishmaniasis, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
Interests: immunology; microbiology; parasitology; infectious diseases; public health; veterinary medicine
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Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhao, São Luís 65055310, Brazil
Interests: molecular phylogeny; trypanosoma; Leishmania; parasitic diseases; molecular parasitology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Leishmaniasis are neglected tropical diseases with high impact on public health. Meanwhile, visceral leishmaniasis affects animal health as well. In some regions, the disease continues to spread, both in terms of the number of cases and the geographic distribution of the infection. Understanding the dynamics of such diseases, including their respective hosts and vectors, will help to improve prevention and control strategies.

This Special Issue aims to address the epidemiology of leishmaniasis, as well as theoretical and practical studies concerning prevention and control measures and tools used to define risk areas that must take priority when tackling the spread of the disease.


Dr. Anaiá P. Da Paixão Sevá
Dr. Eugenia Carrillo
Dr. Andréa Pereira Da Costa
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • leishmaniasis
  • endemic areas
  • vaccine
  • insecticide impregnated collar
  • mathematical models
  • sandfly
  • control measure
  • effectiveness
  • canine
  • surveillance

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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20 pages, 6471 KiB  
Article
Finding Priority Areas in the Evaluation of Strategies for the Prevention of Leishmaniasis in an Endemic Municipality of Brazil
by Talita Carolina Bragança de Oliveira, Anaiá da Paixão Sevá, João Alfredo Biagi Camargo Neto, Uelio de Lima Lopes and Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2024, 9(5), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9050115 - 16 May 2024
Viewed by 1233
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease that affects humans and dogs. The infection is endemic in the municipality of Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. Given the role of dogs in the epidemiology of leishmaniasis, strategies to enhance surveillance and reduce transmission are focused on [...] Read more.
Visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease that affects humans and dogs. The infection is endemic in the municipality of Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. Given the role of dogs in the epidemiology of leishmaniasis, strategies to enhance surveillance and reduce transmission are focused on dogs. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed records of canine visceral leishmaniasis from 2013 to 2022. According to this database, the prevalence of dogs testing positive for leishmaniasis fluctuated, with an average of 65.04% (6590/10,133). Cases were clustered in 10 statistically significant areas. Environmental analyses identified a significant geographical association between animals testing positive and higher vegetation density rates compared with animals testing negative. The period from sample collection to diagnosis and euthanasia, as recommended by the Brazilian Ministry, correlated with disease prevalence and decreased over time. These findings serve to implement different action plans against leishmaniasis for each geographic region and to understand the impact and efforts of strategies in an endemic area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Visceral Leishmaniasis Research)
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10 pages, 1104 KiB  
Brief Report
Subcutaneous, Oral, and Intranasal Immunization of BALB/c Mice with Leishmania infantum K39 Antigen Induces Non-Protective Humoral Immune Response
by Bruno Bezerra da Silva, Amauri Barbosa da Silva Junior, Lucelina da Silva Araújo, Eduarda Nattaly Ferreira Nobre Santos, Ana Cláudia Marinho da Silva, Eridan Orlando Pereira Tramontina Florean, Maurício Fraga van Tilburg and Maria Izabel Florindo Guedes
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2023, 8(9), 444; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8090444 - 12 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1590
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is a high-burden disease caused by parasites of the Leishmania genus. The K39 kinesin is a highly antigenic protein of Leishmania infantum, but little is known about the immune response elicited by this antigen. We evaluated the humoral immune response [...] Read more.
Visceral leishmaniasis is a high-burden disease caused by parasites of the Leishmania genus. The K39 kinesin is a highly antigenic protein of Leishmania infantum, but little is known about the immune response elicited by this antigen. We evaluated the humoral immune response of female BALB/c mice (n = 6) immunized with the rK39-HFBI construct, formed by the fusion of the K39 antigen to a hydrophobin partner. The rK39-HFBI construct was administered through subcutaneous, oral, and intranasal routes using saponin as an adjuvant. We analyzed the kinetics of IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a production. The groups were then challenged by an intravenous infection with L. infantum promastigote cells. The rK39-HFBI antigen-induced high levels of total IgG (p < 0.05) in all groups, but only the subcutaneous route was associated with increased production of IgG1 and IgG2a 42 days after immunization (p < 0.05), suggesting a potential secondary immune response following the booster dose. There was no reduction in the splenic parasite load; thus, the rK39-HFBI failed to protect the mice against infection under the tested conditions. The results presented here demonstrate that the high antigenicity of the K39 antigen does not contribute to a protective immune response against visceral leishmaniasis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Visceral Leishmaniasis Research)
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