Omics Technologies Applied to Tuberculosis Research

A special issue of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (ISSN 2414-6366). This special issue belongs to the section "Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (19 February 2022) | Viewed by 8005

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Pathogen Gene Regulation Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV), CSIC, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Interests: tuberculosis; transcription; translation; ribosome; omics; stress adaptation; selective translation; pathogenesis; bacteria; gene expression; antimicrobial resistance

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of human tuberculosis, one of the deadliest diseases experienced by humans. Tuberculosis remains a threat to the health of people worldwide, with 10 million new cases and 1.2 million deaths caused by this disease in 2019. It is estimated that one-quarter of the world’s population harbours Mycobacterium tuberculosis but has an asymptomatic infection referred to as latent tuberculosis. This reflects the complex life cycle of the bacteria that can involve prolonged periods of persistent non-replication prior to initiation of the active disease process that is required for onward transmission. The immunology of tuberculosis is complex and multifaceted, and even today, immunological parameters or biomarkers that predict who will control the infection and who will develop clinical disease have not been identified. Equally, the molecular basis of bacterial adaptation within the host is poorly understood. Thus, to combat the rise of M. tuberculosis multidrug-resistant strains, a system-level understanding of this disease is imperative.

The advent of high-throughput platforms has allowed integrated study of biological systems and has revolutionised biomedical research through characterising molecular mechanisms associated with pathogenicity and disease and deciphering the evolutionary history of important pathogens. In this Special Issue, we aim to highlight how the application of omics technologies is shaping our understanding of M. tuberculosis, the evolution of tuberculosis, and host–pathogen interactions. We will also cover how omics technologies have contributed to the fight against antimicrobial resistance and informed drug discovery pipelines.

Dr. Teresa Cortes
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • omics
  • tuberculosis
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • pathogen biology
  • host–pathogen interactions
  • epidemiology
  • drug discovery
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • evolution
  • omics for tuberculosis drug discovery
  • biomarkers and blood signatures

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 1148 KiB  
Article
Screening People with Tuberculosis for High Risk of Severe Illness at Notification: Programmatic Experience from Karnataka, India
by Hemant Deepak Shewade, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Hosadurga Jagadish Deepak Murthy, Basavarajachar Vanitha, Madhavi Bhargava, Anil Singarajipura, Suresh G. Shastri, Ramesh Chandra Reddy, Ajay M. V. Kumar and Anurag Bhargava
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2021, 6(2), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6020102 - 15 Jun 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 5861
Abstract
Due to limited availability of diagnostics and capacity, people with tuberculosis do not always undergo systematic assessment for severe illness (requiring inpatient care). In Karnataka (south India), para-medical programme staff used a screening tool to identify people at ‘high risk of severe illness’, [...] Read more.
Due to limited availability of diagnostics and capacity, people with tuberculosis do not always undergo systematic assessment for severe illness (requiring inpatient care). In Karnataka (south India), para-medical programme staff used a screening tool to identify people at ‘high risk of severe illness’, defined using indicators of very severe undernutrition, abnormal vital signs and poor performance status (any one): (i) body mass index (BMI) ≤ 14.0 kg/m2 (ii) BMI ≤ 16.0 kg/m2 with bilateral leg swelling (iii) respiratory rate > 24/min (iv) oxygen saturation < 94% (v) inability to stand without support. Of 3020 adults notified from public facilities (15 October to 30 November 2020) in 16 districts, 1531 (51%) were screened (district-wise range: 13–90%) and of them, 538 (35%) were classified as ‘high risk of severe illness’. Short median delays in screening from notification (five days), and all five indicators being collected for 88% of patients, suggests the feasibility of using this tool in programme settings. However, districts with poor screening coverage require further attention. To end tuberculosis deaths, screening should be followed by referral to higher facilities for comprehensive clinical evaluation, to assess the need for inpatient care. Future studies should assess the validity (especially sensitivity in picking severely ill patients) of this screening tool. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Omics Technologies Applied to Tuberculosis Research)
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