Progress in Developing Influenza Vaccines

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Influenza Virus Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 3363

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School Division of Genetics, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur NRB, Room 158D, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Interests: vaccines; influenza virus; adenovirus; HIV; vectored vaccines; virus–host interactions

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Vaccination has been a powerful approach to protect hosts against viral infections, especially from developing severe symptoms, hospitalization and even death. Due to the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination becomes important, even necessary, for people to return to normal life worldwide. Compared to SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, as our “old friend”, is still a significant pathogen in humans and animals that causes extensive morbidity and mortality. Although flu shots are available every year, the improvement of its effectiveness will be significantly beneficial to the public, especially to the immune-compromised populations.

This Special Issue aims to provide an overview of recent progress in developing influenza vaccines, which may improve the influenza vaccine design, development, production and administration in the future. In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but not limited to) the following:

  • Effectiveness and safety
  • Novel technologies
  • New targets/epitopes
  • Novel delivery approaches
  • Host response to vaccines
  • Immune responses in vaccinated populations
  • Vaccination in different age groups
  • Computation and prediction 

I look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Xizhi (Johnny) Guo
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 2414 KiB  
Article
Moderately Low Effectiveness of the Influenza Quadrivalent Vaccine: Potential Mismatch between Circulating Strains and Vaccine Strains
by Maaweya E. Awadalla, Haitham Alkadi, Modhi Alarjani, Abdullah E. Al-Anazi, Mohanad A. Ibrahim, Thamer Ahmad ALOhali, Mushira Enani, Wael Alturaiki and Bandar Alosaimi
Vaccines 2023, 11(6), 1050; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11061050 - 31 May 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3033
Abstract
The annual seasonal influenza vaccination is the most effective way of preventing influenza illness and hospitalization. However, the effectiveness of influenza vaccines has always been controversial. Therefore, we investigated the ability of the quadrivalent influenza vaccine to induce effective protection. Here we report [...] Read more.
The annual seasonal influenza vaccination is the most effective way of preventing influenza illness and hospitalization. However, the effectiveness of influenza vaccines has always been controversial. Therefore, we investigated the ability of the quadrivalent influenza vaccine to induce effective protection. Here we report strain-specific influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against laboratory-confirmed influenza cases during the 2019/2020 season, characterized by the co-circulation of four different influenza strains. During 2019–2020, 778 influenza-like illness (ILI) samples were collected from 302 (39%) vaccinated ILI patients and 476 (61%) unvaccinated ILI patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. VE was found to be 28% and 22% for influenza A and B, respectively. VE for preventing A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09 illness was 37.4% (95% CI: 43.7–54.3) and 39.2% (95% CI: 21.1–28.9), respectively. The VE for preventing influenza B Victoria lineage illness was 71.7% (95% CI: −0.9–3), while the VE for the Yamagata lineage could not be estimated due to the limited number of positive cases. The overall vaccine effectiveness was moderately low at 39.7%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most of the Flu A genotypes in our dataset clustered together, indicating their close genetic relatedness. In the post-COVID-19 pandemic, flu B-positive cases have reached three-quarters of the total number of influenza-positive cases, indicating a nationwide flu B surge. The reasons for this phenomenon, if related to the quadrivalent flu VE, need to be explored. Annual monitoring and genetic characterization of circulating influenza viruses are important to support Influenza surveillance systems and to improve influenza vaccine effectiveness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress in Developing Influenza Vaccines)
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