COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Autoimmune Diseases and Disorders

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Vaccine Efficacy and Safety".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2024) | Viewed by 5271

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Rheumatic Diseases Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
Interests: systemic lupus erythematosus; vasculitis; epidemiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

The interplay between vaccines and autoimmunity is well-known. Patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases are of great concern regarding COVID-19 infection and vaccination. SLE patients have a higher risk for COVID-19-related complications, including mortality, compared to age- and sex-adjusted controls and patients presenting other autoimmune rheumatic disease conditions. On the other hand, the risk of an increase in patients presenting autoimmune rheumatic diseases following the COVID-19 vaccine has raised some concerns. However, overall, COVID-19 vaccine appears to be safe among SLE patients, with a low rate of severe adverse effects.

In addition, new-onset cases of autoimmune rheumatic diseases among previously healthy patients vaccinated against COVID-19 have recently emerged. New-onset cases of autoimmune rheumatic disorders following COVID-19 vaccination have been reported, mainly as new cases of antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, new-onset inflammatory arthritis, Sjogren’s syndrome, autoimmune hepatitis, and neurological conditions. 

To improve the understanding of the relationship between vaccines and new diagnoses of autoimmune diseases, this Special Issue of Vaccines focuses on researching this phenomenon. We encourage researchers to contribute original studies, reports, and reviews of the epidemiology, molecular pathways, and clinical and management of new-onset autoimmune conditions related to vaccine uptake.

Dr. Iftach Sagy
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • post-COVID-19
  • vaccine
  • autoimmune disorders
  • systemic lupus erythematosus
  • rheumatoid arthritis
  • ANCA vasculitis

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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17 pages, 2094 KiB  
Article
Immunogenicity and Safety According to Immunosuppressive Drugs and Different COVID-19 Vaccine Platforms in Immune-Mediated Disease: Data from SAFER Cohort
by Ketty Lysie Libardi Lira Machado, Ana Paula Neves Burian, Olindo Assis Martins-Filho, José Geraldo Mill, Lunara Baptista Ferreira, Karina Rosemarie Lallemand Tapia, Anna Carolina Simões Moulin, Isac Ribeiro Moulaz, Priscila Dias Cardoso Ribeiro, Vanessa de Oliveira Magalhães, Erika Biegelmeyer, Flávia Maria Matos Melo Campos Peixoto, Sandra Lúcia Euzébio Ribeiro, Camila Maria Paiva França Telles, Juliana Bühring, Natalia Sarzi Sartorio, Vanessa Hax, Rodrigo Poubel Vieira de Rezende, Katia Lino Baptista, Ana Karla Guedes de Melo, Vitor Alves Cruz, Rejane Maria Rodrigues de Abreu Vieira, Renata Henriques de Azevedo, Valderilio Feijó Azevedo, Marcelo de Medeiros Pinheiro, Odirlei André Monticielo, Edgard Torres Dos Reis Neto, Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho, Ricardo Machado Xavier, Emilia Inoue Sato, Viviane Angelina de Souza, Gilda Aparecida Ferreira, Gecilmara Salviato Pileggi and Valeria Valimadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Vaccines 2024, 12(12), 1367; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12121367 - 3 Dec 2024
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID) depends on the underlying disease, immunosuppression degree and the vaccine regimens. We evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of different COVID-19 vaccine schedules. Methods: The SAFER study: “Safety and effectiveness of [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID) depends on the underlying disease, immunosuppression degree and the vaccine regimens. We evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of different COVID-19 vaccine schedules. Methods: The SAFER study: “Safety and effectiveness of the COVID-19 Vaccine in Rheumatic Disease”, is a Brazilian multicentric prospective observational phase IV study in the real-life. Data were analyzed after 2 or 3 doses of COVID-19 vaccines: adenoviral vectored vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, Astrazeneca), mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2, Pfizer–BioNTech) or inactivated SARS-COV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac, Sinovac Biotech). IgG antibody against SARS-CoV-2 spike (IgG-S) receptor-binding domain level were quantified at baseline (T1) and 28 days after the first (T2), 2nd (T3) and 3rd (T4) doses by chemiluminescence (SARS-CoV-2-IgG-II Quant-assay, Abbott-Laboratories). Results: 721 patients with IMID were included in the analysis. The median titers of IgG-S (BAU/mL) increased progressively over the times: at baseline was 6.26 (5.41–7.24), T2: 73.01 (61.53–86.62), T3: 200.0 (174.36–229.41) and T4: 904.92 (800.49–1022.97). The multivariate linear regression showed that greater IgG-S titers were associated with pre-exposure to COVID-19 (p < 0.001) and BNT162b2 booster vaccine (p < 0.001). Rituximab and immunosuppressant drugs were independent factors for low titers (p = 0.002, p < 0.001, respectively). No serious adverse event was reported. Conclusions: All platforms were safe and induced an increase in IgG-S antibodies. COVID-19 pre-exposure and BNT162b2 booster regimens were predictors of higher humoral immune responses, which is relevant in immunosuppressed populations. Immunosuppressants (mainly rituximab) predicted the lowest antibodies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Autoimmune Diseases and Disorders)
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18 pages, 628 KiB  
Systematic Review
ANCA-Positive Small-Vessel Vasculitis Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination—A Systematic Review
by Kinga Łysak, Agata Walulik, Michał Błaszkiewicz and Krzysztof Gomułka
Vaccines 2024, 12(6), 656; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12060656 - 13 Jun 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3300
Abstract
As vaccinations against the SARS-CoV-2 virus have become a crucial tool in controlling the spread of the disease, reports of rare health complications have emerged, including new-onset antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). We systematically reviewed new-onset AAV following COVID-19 vaccination case reports [...] Read more.
As vaccinations against the SARS-CoV-2 virus have become a crucial tool in controlling the spread of the disease, reports of rare health complications have emerged, including new-onset antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). We systematically reviewed new-onset AAV following COVID-19 vaccination case reports and case series published in three databases before January 2024 following PRISMA guidelines to understand the characteristics of possible causal relationships or coincidences. In total, 404 articles were screened respectively by title, abstracts, and full-texts. Thirty-four papers fulfilled the inclusion criteria and have been analyzed, covering 44 patients with new-onset AAV after COVID-19 vaccination with no prior history of COVID-19 infection. Data regarding patients’ metrics, comorbidities, vaccination characteristics, symptoms, diagnostics, treatment, and outcomes were investigated and summarized. The cohort consisted predominantly of females. AAV diagnosis was confirmed via biopsy, with renal dysfunction as a prevailing manifestation. In most cases, the first symptoms of AAV developed after the second dose; moreover, Pfizer-BioNTech was the most frequently administered vaccine among the analyzed cohort. Primary treatment involved glucocorticoid therapy, with a mostly favourable response. This systematic review aims to raise awareness among clinicians in the field regarding this rare but possible complication, to promote the prompt recognition and diagnosis of de novo ANCA-positive small-vessel vasculitis in timely association with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Autoimmune Diseases and Disorders)
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