COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Autoimmune Diseases and Disorders

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Vaccine Efficacy and Safety".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2024 | Viewed by 2652

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Rheumatic Diseases Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
Interests: systemic lupus erythematosus; vasculitis; epidemiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

The interplay between vaccines and autoimmunity is well-known. Patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases are of great concern regarding COVID-19 infection and vaccination. SLE patients have a higher risk for COVID-19-related complications, including mortality, compared to age- and sex-adjusted controls and patients presenting other autoimmune rheumatic disease conditions. On the other hand, the risk of an increase in patients presenting autoimmune rheumatic diseases following the COVID-19 vaccine has raised some concerns. However, overall, COVID-19 vaccine appears to be safe among SLE patients, with a low rate of severe adverse effects.

In addition, new-onset cases of autoimmune rheumatic diseases among previously healthy patients vaccinated against COVID-19 have recently emerged. New-onset cases of autoimmune rheumatic disorders following COVID-19 vaccination have been reported, mainly as new cases of antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, new-onset inflammatory arthritis, Sjogren’s syndrome, autoimmune hepatitis, and neurological conditions. 

To improve the understanding of the relationship between vaccines and new diagnoses of autoimmune diseases, this Special Issue of Vaccines focuses on researching this phenomenon. We encourage researchers to contribute original studies, reports, and reviews of the epidemiology, molecular pathways, and clinical and management of new-onset autoimmune conditions related to vaccine uptake.

Dr. Iftach Sagy
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • post-COVID-19
  • vaccine
  • autoimmune disorders
  • systemic lupus erythematosus
  • rheumatoid arthritis
  • ANCA vasculitis

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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18 pages, 628 KiB  
Systematic Review
ANCA-Positive Small-Vessel Vasculitis Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination—A Systematic Review
by Kinga Łysak, Agata Walulik, Michał Błaszkiewicz and Krzysztof Gomułka
Vaccines 2024, 12(6), 656; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12060656 - 13 Jun 2024
Viewed by 2051
Abstract
As vaccinations against the SARS-CoV-2 virus have become a crucial tool in controlling the spread of the disease, reports of rare health complications have emerged, including new-onset antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). We systematically reviewed new-onset AAV following COVID-19 vaccination case reports [...] Read more.
As vaccinations against the SARS-CoV-2 virus have become a crucial tool in controlling the spread of the disease, reports of rare health complications have emerged, including new-onset antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). We systematically reviewed new-onset AAV following COVID-19 vaccination case reports and case series published in three databases before January 2024 following PRISMA guidelines to understand the characteristics of possible causal relationships or coincidences. In total, 404 articles were screened respectively by title, abstracts, and full-texts. Thirty-four papers fulfilled the inclusion criteria and have been analyzed, covering 44 patients with new-onset AAV after COVID-19 vaccination with no prior history of COVID-19 infection. Data regarding patients’ metrics, comorbidities, vaccination characteristics, symptoms, diagnostics, treatment, and outcomes were investigated and summarized. The cohort consisted predominantly of females. AAV diagnosis was confirmed via biopsy, with renal dysfunction as a prevailing manifestation. In most cases, the first symptoms of AAV developed after the second dose; moreover, Pfizer-BioNTech was the most frequently administered vaccine among the analyzed cohort. Primary treatment involved glucocorticoid therapy, with a mostly favourable response. This systematic review aims to raise awareness among clinicians in the field regarding this rare but possible complication, to promote the prompt recognition and diagnosis of de novo ANCA-positive small-vessel vasculitis in timely association with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Autoimmune Diseases and Disorders)
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