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Vaccines
Special Issues
COVID-19 Vaccination—a Global Perspective
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COVID-19 Vaccination—a Global Perspective

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "COVID-19 Vaccines and Vaccination".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 10014

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Suman Pal

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
Interests: COVID-19 vaccine; health equity; LGBTQ health; DEI; antiracism in medicine; hospital medicine
Dr. Abu Baker Sheikh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
Interests: COVID-19 infection; hospital medicine; COVID-19 complications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV -2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), rapidly spread across the globe. It was declared a pandemic in March 2020.

Over the past two years, the COVID-19 pandemic has placed immense strain on global health care systems. The development of effective vaccines provided much-needed hope of an end to the pandemic. However, vaccination efforts have been hindered by challenges such as inequities in access and hesitancy to accept the vaccines.

The aim of this Special Issue is to expand our understanding of COVID-19 vaccination from a global perspective. Original research and review articles focused on vaccine acceptance, vaccine equity, and vaccination of populations at risk are of great interest.

Dr. Suman Pal
Dr. Abu Baker Sheikh
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • COVID-19 vaccine
  • vaccine acceptance
  • vaccine equity
  • vaccine hesitancy
  • COVAX
  • developing nations
  • population at risk

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 281 KiB  
Article
Lessons from COVID’S Vaccination: External-Internal Frictions and Efficiency
by Aldo Ramirez-Zamudio and Elmer Sanchez Davila
Vaccines 2023, 11(2), 248; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020248 - 22 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1693
Abstract
This paper explores some economic variables that determine the emerging of new COVID-19 variants and the determinants of vaccination advances in 108 countries during a quarterly period from March 2020 to March 2022. We found that more people being fully vaccinated and more [...] Read more.
This paper explores some economic variables that determine the emerging of new COVID-19 variants and the determinants of vaccination advances in 108 countries during a quarterly period from March 2020 to March 2022. We found that more people being fully vaccinated and more education (measured as schooling years) decrease the probability of the emergence of new COVID-19 variants, but more crowded cities and higher percentages of urban population increase that probability. Furthermore, we found that the percentage of fully vaccinated people depends positively on the country’s preparation to respond to a health crisis, educational levels, and the index of economic complexity (which measures how diverse in the production of goods and services a country is and the level of its infrastructure), and it depends negatively on the percentage of rural populations (which makes vaccination more difficult). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 Vaccination—a Global Perspective)
12 pages, 2028 KiB  
Article
Population-Based Analysis of the Immunoglobulin G Response to Different COVID-19 Vaccines in Brazil
by Nigella M. Paula, Marcelo S. Conzentino, Ana C. A. Gonçalves, Renata da Silva, Karin V. Weissheimer, Carlos H. S. Kluge, Paulo H. S. A. Marins, Haxley S. C. Camargo, Lucas R. P. Farias, Thamyres P. Sant’Ana, Letícia R. Vargas, Juliane D. Aldrighi, Ênio S. Lima, Guiomar T. Jacotenski, Fabio O. Pedrosa, Alan G. Gonçalves, Emerson Joucoski and Luciano F. Huergo
Vaccines 2023, 11(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010021 - 22 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1851
Abstract
(1) Background: COVID-19 vaccination in Brazil has been performed mostly with CoronaVac (Sinovac), ChAdOx1-S (AstraZeneca-University of Oxford) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccines. The titers of IgG antibodies reactive to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein correlate with vaccine efficacy. Studies comparing vaccine immunogenicity in a real-world [...] Read more.
(1) Background: COVID-19 vaccination in Brazil has been performed mostly with CoronaVac (Sinovac), ChAdOx1-S (AstraZeneca-University of Oxford) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccines. The titers of IgG antibodies reactive to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein correlate with vaccine efficacy. Studies comparing vaccine immunogenicity in a real-world scenario are lacking. (2) Methods: We performed a population-based study to analyze the immunoglobulin G response to different COVID-19 vaccines. Citizens older than 18 years (n = 2376) provided personal data, a self-declaration of any previous COVID-19 positive tests and information regarding COVID-19 vaccination: the vaccine popular name and the date of each dose. Blood samples were collected and the levels of IgG reactive to SARS-CoV-2 antigens were determined and compared between different vaccine groups. (3) Results: The seroconversion for anti-spike IgG achieved > 95% by February 2022 and maintained stable until June 2022. Higher anti-spike IgG titers were detected in individuals vaccinated with BNT162b2, followed by ChAdOx1-S and CoronaVac. The anti-spike IgG response was negatively correlated with age and interval after the second dose for the BNT162b2 vaccine. Natural infections boosted anti-spike IgG in those individuals who completed primary vaccination with ChAdOx1-S and CoronaVac, but not with BNT162b2. The levels of anti-spike IgG increased with the number of vaccine doses administered. The application of BNT162b2 as a 3rd booster dose resulted in high anti-spike IgG antibody titers, despite the type of vaccine used during primary vaccination. (4) Conclusions: Our data confirmed the effectiveness of the Brazilian vaccination program. Of the vaccines used in Brazil, BNT162b2 performed better to elicit anti-spike protein IgG after primary vaccination and as a booster dose and thus should be recommended as a booster whenever available. A continuous COVID-19 vaccination program will be required to sustain anti-spike IgG antibodies in the population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 Vaccination—a Global Perspective)
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13 pages, 446 KiB  
Article
Social Environmental Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in India: A Population-Based Survey
by Srikanth Umakanthan, Maryann M. Bukelo, Mario J. Bukelo, Sonal Patil, Naveen Subramaniam and Ria Sharma
Vaccines 2022, 10(10), 1749; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101749 - 19 Oct 2022
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2380
Abstract
Background: During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, trust within a community in the projected schemes or strategies to combat COVID-19 depends on the confidence generated and launched by the government and medical employees toward the public. The “vaccination intention” within a community is [...] Read more.
Background: During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, trust within a community in the projected schemes or strategies to combat COVID-19 depends on the confidence generated and launched by the government and medical employees toward the public. The “vaccination intention” within a community is determined by a range of factors, which include sociodemographic features, personal beliefs, and attitude toward vaccination. Methods: A nationwide survey was conducted involving 2000 people using a Tencent questionnaire platform. One-way ANOVA was conducted for age, education, and occupation with vaccination intention for the COVID-19 vaccine. Correlation analysis was conducted between sources, trust, and vaccination intention indicating both types of sources (official and unofficial sources) and both types of trust (trust in the social environment and in vaccines). Results: The reception of the sources of information on the COVID-19 vaccine was significantly higher from official sources (M = 5.54, SD = 1.37) and government officials (M = 5.68, SD = 1.499) compared with that from experts in medicine (M = 5.39, SD = 1.511). Among the unofficial sources, “chatting and communicating with family and friends” scored the highest (M = 4.84, SD = 1.649). In the statistics on people’s trust in all aspects involved in vaccines, the level of trust in the social environment was significantly higher and more concentrated than in vaccines (M = 5.67, SD = 1.129). The level of trust in government (M = 5.80, SD = 1.256) was slightly higher than in medical personnel (M = 5.53, SD = 1.199). People’s willingness to be vaccinated was generally high (M = 78.15, SD = 22.354). The demographic factors were not influential in vaccination intention. Both sources (official and unofficial sources) and trust (trust in the social environment and in vaccines) are significantly and positively correlated with vaccination intention. Information receptions from official and unofficial sources were significant positive predictors of trust in the social environment, but they were not significant predictors of trust in vaccines. The mediating effect of trust in vaccines on the relationship between receiving information from official and unofficial sources and vaccination intention was insignificant. Conclusions: This study revealed that trust in the environment is an important channel linking people’s information reception and vaccination intention, explores a new path for health information communication, and attempts to provide new ideas for health information dissemination and promotion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 Vaccination—a Global Perspective)
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Review

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15 pages, 670 KiB  
Review
COVID-19 and Influenza Coinfection Outcomes among Hospitalized Patients in the United States: A Propensity Matched Analysis of National Inpatient Sample
by Ishan Garg, Karthik Gangu, Hina Shuja, Alireza Agahi, Harsh Sharma, Aniesh Bobba, Adeel Nasrullah, Prabal Chourasia, Suman Pal, Abu Baker Sheikh and Rahul Shekhar
Vaccines 2022, 10(12), 2159; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10122159 - 15 Dec 2022
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3064
Abstract
This study aims to provide comparative data on clinical features and in-hospital outcomes among U.S. adults admitted to the hospital with COVID-19 and influenza infection using a nationwide inpatient sample (N.I.S.) data 2020. Data were collected on patient characteristics and in-hospital outcomes, including [...] Read more.
This study aims to provide comparative data on clinical features and in-hospital outcomes among U.S. adults admitted to the hospital with COVID-19 and influenza infection using a nationwide inpatient sample (N.I.S.) data 2020. Data were collected on patient characteristics and in-hospital outcomes, including patient’s age, race, sex, insurance status, median income, length of stay, mortality, hospitalization cost, comorbidities, mechanical ventilation, and vasopressor support. Additional analysis was performed using propensity matching. In propensity-matched cohort analysis, influenza-positive (and COVID-positive) patients had higher mean hospitalization cost (USD 129,742 vs. USD 68,878, p = 0.04) and total length of stay (9.9 days vs. 8.2 days, p = 0.01), higher odds of needing mechanical ventilation (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.19–3.39), and higher in-hospital mortality (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.03–4.24) relative to the COVID-positive and influenza-negative cohort. In conclusion, COVID-positive and influenza-negative patients had lower hospital charges, shorter hospital stays, and overall lower mortality, thereby supporting the use of the influenza vaccine in COVID-positive patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 Vaccination—a Global Perspective)
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