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Vaccines
Special Issues
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Diseases
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Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Diseases

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Vaccines against (re)emerging and Tropical Infections Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 5922

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Bo Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
Interests: emerging/re-emerging viruses; zoonotic viral infections; viral hepatitis and gastroenteritis; molecular epidemiology; diagnostics; mutagenesis; public health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Xinglou Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650023, China
Interests: bat and rodent virus discovery; virus isolation; virus–host interaction; viral pathogenesis; viral ecology; emerging infectious diseases; attenuated and inactivated vaccines
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) disease is characterized by a syndrome of acute febrile illness, increased vascular permeability, and coagulation defects. Hemorrhagic fever viruses frequently belong to the taxonomic families, Arenaviridae, Hantaviridae, Filoviridae, Flaviviridae, Nairoviridae, which are primarily harbored by rodents or arthropods and transmitted to humans through direct or indirect contact. Considering the great morbidity and mortality of some VHFs, infections of their causative agents can become critical clinical burdens, particularly in medical-resource-limited regions. Notably, highly pathogenic VHF viruses are still circulating and causing devastating outbreaks around the globe, leading to significant public health concerns. However, the molecular pathogenesis and pathophysiology of VHF are largely unknown since validated animal models for VHF studies are lacking. Furthermore, the availability of protective vaccines and effective treatments against VHF is currently very limited.

This Special Issue of Vaccines focuses on the difficult challenges and recent advances that have been made in the field of VHF research, which aims to promote studies on the prevention and control of VHF. Specifically, this Special Issue will contain original research articles, reviews, and short communications on various topics of VHF, including, but not limited to: epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis, diagnostic techniques, animal models, vaccine development, and therapeutic intervention

Dr. Bo Wang
Prof. Dr. Xinglou Yang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • arenaviruses
  • bunyaviruses
  • filoviruses
  • flaviviruses
  • viral hemorrhagic fever diseases
  • diagnostic tools
  • animal models
  • vaccine development
  • therapeutic intervention

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 3182 KiB  
Article
Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Caused by Orthohantaviruses in Xiangyun County, Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China
by Hao Huang, Meng Fu, Peiyu Han, Hongmin Yin, Zi Yang, Yichen Kong, Bo Wang, Xinglou Yang, Tilian Ren and Yunzhi Zhang
Vaccines 2023, 11(9), 1477; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11091477 - 12 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1089
Abstract
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a zoonotic disease transmitted by several rodent species. We obtained clinical data of HFRS patients from the medical records of the People’s Hospital of Xiangyun County in Dali Prefecture from July 2019 to August 2021. We [...] Read more.
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a zoonotic disease transmitted by several rodent species. We obtained clinical data of HFRS patients from the medical records of the People’s Hospital of Xiangyun County in Dali Prefecture from July 2019 to August 2021. We collected epidemiological data of HFRS patients through interviews and investigated host animals using the night clip or night cage method. We systematically performed epidemiological analyses of patients and host animals. The differences in the presence of rodent activity at home (χ2 = 8.75, p = 0.031 < 0.05), of rodent-proof equipment in the food (χ2 = 9.19, p = 0.025 < 0.05), and of rodents or rodent excrement in the workplace (χ2 = 10.35, p = 0.014 < 0.05) were statistically different in the four clinical types, including mild, medium, severe, and critical HFRS-associated diseases. Furthermore, we conducted molecular detection of orthohantavirus in host animals. The total orthohantavirus infection rate of rodents was 2.72% (9/331); the specific infection rate of specific animal species was 6.10% (5/82) for the Apodemus chevrieri, 100% (1/1) for the Rattus nitidus, 3.77% (2/53) for the Rattus norvegicus, and 12.50% (1/8) for the Crocidura dracula. In this study, a total of 21 strains of orthohantavirus were detected in patients and rodents. The 12 orthohantavirus strains from patients showed a closer relationship with Seoul orthohantavirus (SEOOV) L0199, DLR2, and GZRn60 strains; the six orthohantavirus strains from Rattus norvegicus and Apodemus chevrieri were closely related to SEOOV GZRn60 strain. One strain (XYRn163) from Rattus norvegicus and one strain (XYR.nitidus97) from Rattus nitidus were closely related to SEOOV DLR2 strain; the orthohantavirus strain from Crocidura dracula was closely related to the Luxi orthohantavirus (LUXV) LX309 strain. In conclusion, patients with HFRS in Xuangyun County of Dali Prefecture are predominantly affected by SEOOV, with multiple genotypes of orthohantavirus in host animals, and, most importantly, these orthohantavirus strains constantly demonstrated zoonotic risk in humans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Diseases)
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13 pages, 2761 KiB  
Article
Serological and Molecular Survey for Dengue Virus Infection in Suspected Febrile Patients in Selected Local Government Areas in Adamawa State, Nigeria
by Daniel Thakuma Tizhe, Jacob Kwada Paghi Kwaga and Grace Sabo Nok Kia
Vaccines 2022, 10(9), 1407; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091407 - 28 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2091
Abstract
Dengue is a disease caused by the dengue virus that is primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Currently, the disease poses a threat to public health, with about 390 million people reported to be infected annually across the endemic regions of the world. [...] Read more.
Dengue is a disease caused by the dengue virus that is primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Currently, the disease poses a threat to public health, with about 390 million people reported to be infected annually across the endemic regions of the world. In Nigeria, the disease is under-reported and often misdiagnosed as malaria. This study was designed to conduct a serological and molecular survey for dengue virus infection in febrile patients in three Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Adamawa State, Nigeria, from September through December 2020. Serum samples from 424 patients were analysed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (CALBIOTECH, Dengue Virus IgM ELISA). Thick and thin smear microscopic techniques were used to determine the presence of malaria parasites. Overall, 19.4% patients were sero-positive for dengue in the three study locations. A total of 11%, 14.5% and 12.3% participants were found to be co-infected with dengue and malaria in Mubi, Jimeta and Numan, respectively. The CDC DENV1-4 RT-PCR Assay reagent was used for serotype-specific detection and identification of circulating serotypes. From the ELISA-positive samples, 11 (2.6%) cases were confirmed to be dengue serotype 1 by Real-Time PCR and sequencing and were found to be in circulation in all the three study areas. With an overall sero-prevalence of 19.4%, dengue virus infection may be one of the major causes of febrile illnesses across the study locations; hence, public healthcare professionals should not neglect other aetiologies of febrile illnesses and the need to conduct laboratory diagnoses to determine the possible causes of febrile illnesses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Diseases)
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Review

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11 pages, 1343 KiB  
Review
Current Knowledge on Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease in China
by Jige Xin, Jun Dong, Jing Li, Lingling Ye, Chong Zhang, Fuping Nie, Yeqing Gu, Xincheng Ji, Zhigang Song, Qianmin Luo, Jun Ai and Diangang Han
Vaccines 2023, 11(6), 1123; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11061123 - 20 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1978
Abstract
Epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD) is an infectious, non-contagious viral disease of ruminants caused by epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) and is transmitted by insects of the genus Culicoides. In 2008, EHD was listed on the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) list [...] Read more.
Epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD) is an infectious, non-contagious viral disease of ruminants caused by epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) and is transmitted by insects of the genus Culicoides. In 2008, EHD was listed on the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) list of notifiable terrestrial and aquatic animal diseases. This article reviews the distribution of EHD in China and relevant studies and proposes several suggestions for the prevention and control of EHD. There have been reports of positivity for serum antibodies against EHDV-1, EHDV-2, EHDV-5, EHDV-6, EHDV-7, EHDV-8 and EHDV-10 in China. Strains of EHDV-1, -5, -6, -7, -8 and -10 have been isolated, among which the Seg-2, Seg-3 and Seg-6 sequences of serotypes -5, -6, -7 and -10 belong to the eastern topotype. The emergence of western topotype Seg-2 in EHDV-1 strains indicates that EHDV-1 strains in China are reassortant strains of the western and eastern topotypes. A novel serotype strain of EHDV named YNDH/V079/2018 was isolated in 2018. Chinese scholars have successfully expressed the EHDV VP7 protein and developed a variety of ELISA detection methods, including antigen capture ELISA and competitive ELISA. A variety of EHDV nucleic acid detection methods, including RT–PCR and qRT–PCR, have also been developed. LAMP and the liquid chip detection technique are also available. To prevent and control EHD, several suggestions for controlling EHD transmission have been proposed based on the actual situation in China, including controlling the number of Culicoides, reducing contact between Culicoides and hosts, continued monitoring of EHDV and Culicoides in different areas of China and further development and application of basic and pioneering research related to EHD prevention and control. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Diseases)
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