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Vaccines
Special Issues
Intensive Care during COVID-19 Pandemic
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Intensive Care during COVID-19 Pandemic

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 10909

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Haiyan Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Interests: infectious disease; molecular epidemiology; human viruses
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yuefei Jin

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Interests: emerging infectious diseases; hand, foot, and mouth disease; establishment of animal models of enterovirus infection; development of vaccines; pathogenesis of enterovirus infection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed an unprecedented demand on modern healthcare resources, particularly with the sudden increase in the need for intensive care for pneumonia with multiorgan disease. However, none of the current clinical treatments have alleviated the demand for intensive care. Much research has been carried out on the hierarchical management of wards for COVID-19 patients, intensifying the debate around this topic. As such, it is necessary to predict which patients with oxygen issues will be able to avoid mechanical ventilation. Such patients can be safely cared for in other parts of the hospital, thus preserving intensive care unit capacity for mechanically ventilated patients. 

The COVID-19 pandemic has raised unprecedented challenges around understanding its pathophysiology. As no cure is currently available, identifying and characterizing factors that may alter the disease course to aid in understanding and follow-up management remain an essential aspect of research and will continue to play an important role even with an anti-COVID-19 vaccine.

Vaccines approved for use include novel technology mRNA vaccines, such as BNT162b2 (Pfizer Biotechnology) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna), and non-replicating viral vector vaccines, such as Janssen's Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson) and traditional inactivated whole virus vaccines such as coronavirus (AC Biotechnology). However, the impact of emerging COVID-19 variants on SARS-COV-2 diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine is still unclear. At the same time, there is also an incomplete understanding of the effectiveness of the various vaccines against critical COVID-19. 

To gain a broader understanding of critical care during COVID-19, as well as current scientific knowledge and trends in the development of COVID-19 vaccines, this Special Issue will highlight recent scientific and technical advances in this area. Based on your extensive knowledge and experience, we invite you to provide an original report, original observation, or review to highlight (i) care, treatment, protection, and clinical outcomes of patients in intensive care during COVID-19, both COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 patients; (ii) prognostic factors, comorbidities, and epidemiological characteristics of patients in intensive care for COVID-19, especially among vaccinated patients; (iii) strategies and theoretical basis for the hierarchical management of wards in patients with multiple organ disease; and (iv) the latest development of novel preventive and therapeutic vaccines.

Dr. Haiyan Yang
Dr. Yuefei Jin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • COVID-19
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • intensive care
  • clinical presentations
  • multiorgan disease
  • vaccine
  • epidemiology
  • treatment
  • clinical management

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

6 pages, 229 KiB  
Editorial
Intensive Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic
by Ying Wang, Yuefei Jin and Haiyan Yang
Vaccines 2023, 11(1), 125; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010125 - 4 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1115
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in a sudden sharp rise in hospitalizations for pneumonia with multiorgan disease [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intensive Care during COVID-19 Pandemic)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

13 pages, 292 KiB  
Article
Susceptibility of Diabetic Patients to COVID-19 Infections: Clinico-Hematological and Complications Analysis
by Banan Atwah, Mohammad Shahid Iqbal, Saeed Kabrah, Ahmed Kabrah, Saad Alghamdi, Aisha Tabassum, Mohammed A. Baghdadi and Hissah Alzahrani
Vaccines 2023, 11(3), 561; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030561 - 1 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1670
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 has become a global health threat resulting in a catastrophic spread and more than 3.8 million deaths worldwide. It has been suggested that there is a negative influence of diabetes mellites (DM), which is a complex chronic disease, on [...] Read more.
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 has become a global health threat resulting in a catastrophic spread and more than 3.8 million deaths worldwide. It has been suggested that there is a negative influence of diabetes mellites (DM), which is a complex chronic disease, on COVID-19 severe outcomes. Other factors in diabetic patients may also contribute to COVID-19 disease outcomes, such as older age, obesity, hyperglycaemia, hypertension, and other chronic conditions. Methods: A cohort study was conducted on the demographics, clinical information, and laboratory findings of the hospitalised COVID-19 with DM and non-DM patients were obtained from the medical records in King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Saudi Arabia. Results: Among the study population, 108 patients had DM, and 433 were non-DM patients. Patients with DM were more likely to present symptoms such as fever (50.48%), anorexia (19.51%), dry cough (47.96%), shortness of breath (35.29%), chest pain (16.49%), and other symptoms. There was a significant decrease in the mean of haematological and biochemical parameters, such as haemoglobin, calcium, and alkaline phosphate in people with diabetes compared to non-diabetics and a considerable increase in other parameters, such as glucose, potassium, and cardiac troponin. Conclusions: According to the findings of this study, patients who have diabetes have a greater risk of developing more severe symptoms associated with COVID-19 disease. This could result in more patients being admitted to the intensive care unit as well as higher mortality rates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intensive Care during COVID-19 Pandemic)
9 pages, 659 KiB  
Article
Prone Positioning: A Safe and Effective Procedure in Pregnant Women Presenting with Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
by Gilmar de Souza Osmundo, Jr., Cristiane de Freitas Paganotti, Rafaela Alkmin da Costa, Thiago Henrique dos Santos Silva, Paula Carolina Bombonati, Luiz Marcelo Sa Malbouisson and Rossana Pulcineli Vieira Francisco
Vaccines 2022, 10(12), 2182; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10122182 - 19 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1788
Abstract
Prone positioning (PP) improves oxygenation and survival in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Data regarding feasibility and effectiveness of PP in pregnancy are lacking. This subgroup analysis of a cohort study that included mechanically ventilated pregnant women presenting with severe [...] Read more.
Prone positioning (PP) improves oxygenation and survival in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Data regarding feasibility and effectiveness of PP in pregnancy are lacking. This subgroup analysis of a cohort study that included mechanically ventilated pregnant women presenting with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced ARDS who underwent PP aims to assess the efficacy and safety of PP. Ventilatory and gasometric parameters were evaluated at baseline (T0) and in prone (T1) and supine (T2) positions. Obstetric outcomes were also assessed. Sixteen cases at an average of 27.0 (22.0–31.1) gestational weeks of pregnancy were included. Obesity and hypertension were frequent comorbidities. PP was associated with a >20% increase in PaO2 levels and in PaO2/FiO2 ratios in 50% and 100% of cases, respectively. The PaO2/FiO2 ratio increased 76.7% (20.5–292.4%) at T1 and 76.9% (0–182.7%) at T2. PP produced sustained improvements in mean PaO2/FiO2 ratio (p < 0.001) and PaCO2 level (p = 0.028). There were no cases of emergency delivery or suspected fetal distress in pregnancies ≥25 weeks during the 24 h period following PP. PP is safe and feasible during pregnancy, improving PaO2/FiO2 ratios and helping to delay preterm delivery in severe ARDS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intensive Care during COVID-19 Pandemic)
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12 pages, 486 KiB  
Article
Antibiotics Usage and Resistance among Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in the Intensive Care Unit in Makkah, Saudi Arabia
by Ahmed Kabrah, Fayez Bahwerth, Saad Alghamdi, Alaa Alkhotani, Ahmed Alahmadi, Mashari Alhuzali, Ibrahim Aljerary and Anwar Alsulami
Vaccines 2022, 10(12), 2148; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10122148 - 14 Dec 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1615
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global health and development threat, especially during the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) pandemic. Therefore, the current study was conducted to describe antibiotic usage and resistance among patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU) in [...] Read more.
Antibiotic resistance is a global health and development threat, especially during the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) pandemic. Therefore, the current study was conducted to describe antibiotic usage and resistance among patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU) in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. In this cross-sectional study, only patients with positive COVID-19 status (42 patients) admitted to the ICU at the King Faisal Hospital were selected using a census sampling method. The susceptibility test of bacteria was carried out according to the standard protocol. The identified strains were tested in-vitro against several antibiotics drugs. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24. A total of 42 patients were included, with a mean age of 59.35 ± 18 years. Of them, 38.1% were males, and 61.9% were females. 35.7% have blood group O +. For age and blood groups, statistically significant associations were found between males and females, with p-values = 0.037 and 0.031, respectively. A large percentage (42.7%) of the obtained samples contained Klebsiella Pneumoniae; all bacteria were multidrug-resistance bacteria. Furthermore, 76.2% of bacteria were resistant to Ampicillin, 66.7% were resistant to Ciprofloxacin, 64.3% were resistant to Levofloxacin, 57.1% were resistant to Imipenem, and 57.1% were resistant to Moxifloxacin. On the contrary, among the 40 examined antibiotics, the effective antibiotics were Daptomycin, Linezolid, Mupirocin, Synercid, Teicoplanin, Vancomycin, and Nitrofurantoin. Our study demonstrates that antibiotic resistance is highly prevalent among ICU patients with COVID-19 at the King Faisal Hospital. Additionally, all bacteria were multidrug-resistance bacteria. Therefore, this high prevalence should be seriously discussed and urgently considered. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intensive Care during COVID-19 Pandemic)
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16 pages, 4040 KiB  
Article
Preclinical Toxicity and Immunogenicity of a COVID-19 Vaccine (ZF2001) in Cynomolgus Monkeys
by Hongzhong Yang, Wei Pan, Guoyu Chen, Enqi Huang, Qijiong Lu, Yunxiang Chen, Ying Chen, Zhengbiao Yang, Lei Wen, Siming Zhang, Cong Xu, Wanqiang Lv, Lianpan Dai, Changwei Wu and Lijiang Zhang
Vaccines 2022, 10(12), 2080; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10122080 - 5 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1853
Abstract
Although the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak occurred in late 2019, it is still endemic worldwide, and has become a global public health problem. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is considered to be the most effective intervention to prevent the spread of COVID-19. ZF2001 [...] Read more.
Although the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak occurred in late 2019, it is still endemic worldwide, and has become a global public health problem. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is considered to be the most effective intervention to prevent the spread of COVID-19. ZF2001 is a recombinant protein vaccine based on SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) subunit which contains aluminum adjuvant. In order to advance our research on ZF2001 into clinical trial, we investigated the general toxicity and immunogenicity of ZF2001 in cynomolgus monkeys and assessed the possible target organs for vaccine-induced toxicity. In the present research, we observed no significant systemic toxicities and abnormal cardiovascular and respiratory events following four times injections of intramuscular ZF2001 in cynomolgus monkeys. Histological examination revealed recoverable inflammatory changes in quadricep muscle and adjacent lymph node at the vaccine injection site. As expected, the vaccine can produce a strongly specific binding antibody and neutralizing antibodies in cynomolgus monkeys after inoculation. Taken together, our regulatory toxicology research proves the safety and immunogenicity of the ZF2001 vaccine, supporting its entry into large scale clinical trials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intensive Care during COVID-19 Pandemic)
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Review

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14 pages, 1135 KiB  
Review
A Meta-Analysis on the Association between Peptic Ulcer Disease and COVID-19 Severity
by Ying Wang, Jie Xu, Liqin Shi, Haiyan Yang and Yadong Wang
Vaccines 2023, 11(6), 1087; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11061087 - 11 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1639
Abstract
The association between peptic ulcer disease and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is inconclusive across individual studies. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether there was a significant association between peptic ulcer disease and COVID-19 severity through a meta-analysis. The electronic [...] Read more.
The association between peptic ulcer disease and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is inconclusive across individual studies. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether there was a significant association between peptic ulcer disease and COVID-19 severity through a meta-analysis. The electronic databases (Web of Science, Wiley, Springer, EMBASE, Elsevier, Cochrane Library, Scopus and PubMed) were retrieved for all eligible studies. The Stata 11.2 software was used for all statistical analyses. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated by a random-effects meta-analysis model. The heterogeneity was evaluated by the inconsistency index (I2) and Cochran’s Q test. Egger’s analysis and Begg’s analysis were conducted to evaluate the publication bias. Meta-regression analysis and subgroup analysis were done to explore the potential source of heterogeneity. Totally, our findings based on confounding variables-adjusted data indicated that there was no significant association between peptic ulcer disease and the higher risk for COVID-19 severity (pooled OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.97–1.41) based on 15 eligible studies with 4,533,426 participants. When the subgroup analysis was performed by age (mean or median), there was a significant association between peptic ulcer disease and a higher risk for COVID-19 severity among studies with age ≥ 60 years old (pooled OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01–1.32), but not among studies with age < 60 years old (pooled OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.89–1.50). Our meta-analysis showed that there was a significant association between peptic ulcer disease and a higher risk for COVID-19 severity among older patients but not among younger patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intensive Care during COVID-19 Pandemic)
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