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Vaccines
Special Issues
Strategies of Viral Vectors for Vaccine Development
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Strategies of Viral Vectors for Vaccine Development

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Attenuated/Inactivated/Live and Vectored Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2024 | Viewed by 2747

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Kathleen Hefferon

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
Interests: plant made pharmaceuticals; public health; sustainability; molecular farming; food security
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Viral vectors have long been explored as potential tools in medicine. As these vectors grow more and more sophisticated, their applications have expanded. Viral vectors can be used to carry drugs, express heterologous proteins, and even target cancer cells. The scope of this Special Issue will include the development of animal, plant and bacterial virus vectors as a means to produce safe, efficacious and inexpensive vaccines. I/We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Kathleen Hefferon
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • vaccine
  • viral vector
  • virus-like particles

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 3833 KiB  
Article
Viral Vector-Based Chlamydia trachomatis Vaccines Encoding CTH522 Induce Distinct Immune Responses in C57BL/6J and HLA Transgenic Mice
by Giuseppe Andreacchio, Ylenia Longo, Sara Moreno Mascaraque, Kartikan Anandasothy, Sarah Tofan, Esma Özün, Lena Wilschrey, Johannes Ptok, Dung T. Huynh, Joen Luirink and Ingo Drexler
Vaccines 2024, 12(8), 944; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12080944 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 662
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis remains a major global health problem with increasing infection rates, requiring innovative vaccine solutions. Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (MVA) is a well-established, safe and highly immunogenic vaccine vector, making it a promising candidate for C. trachomatis vaccine development. In this study, [...] Read more.
Chlamydia trachomatis remains a major global health problem with increasing infection rates, requiring innovative vaccine solutions. Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (MVA) is a well-established, safe and highly immunogenic vaccine vector, making it a promising candidate for C. trachomatis vaccine development. In this study, we evaluated two novel MVA-based recombinant vaccines expressing spCTH522 and CTH522:B7 antigens. Our results show that while both vaccines induced CD4+ T-cell responses in C57BL/6J mice, they failed to generate antigen-specific systemic CD8+ T cells. Only the membrane-anchored CTH522 elicited strong IgG2b and IgG2c antibody responses. In an HLA transgenic mouse model, both recombinant MVAs induced Th1-directed CD4+ T cell and multifunctional CD8+ T cells, while only the CTH522:B7 vaccine generated antibody responses, underscoring the importance of antigen localization. Collectively, our data indicate that distinct antigen formulations can induce different immune responses depending on the mouse strain used. This research contributes to the development of effective vaccines by highlighting the importance of careful antigen design and the selection of appropriate animal models to study specific vaccine-induced immune responses. Future studies should investigate whether these immune responses provide protection in humans and should explore different routes of immunization, including mucosal and systemic immunization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strategies of Viral Vectors for Vaccine Development)
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13 pages, 4129 KiB  
Article
Vaccination with Adenovirus Type 5 Vector-Based COVID-19 Vaccine as the Primary Series in Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 1/2 Clinical Trial
by Yawen Zhu, Rong Tang, Xiaolong Li, Xiaoqin Chen, Xue Wang, Ying Wang, Ruijie Wang, Fengcai Zhu and Jingxin Li
Vaccines 2024, 12(3), 292; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12030292 - 11 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1701
Abstract
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1/2 trial aimed at evaluating the safety and immunogenicity of Ad5-nCoV via aerosolized or intramuscular or intramuscular–aerosolized routes in SARS-CoV-2-negative adults aged over 18 years. In the phase 1 trial, participants were sequentially enrolled into one of five [...] Read more.
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1/2 trial aimed at evaluating the safety and immunogenicity of Ad5-nCoV via aerosolized or intramuscular or intramuscular–aerosolized routes in SARS-CoV-2-negative adults aged over 18 years. In the phase 1 trial, participants were sequentially enrolled into one of five regimen cohorts: Low-Dose (two doses of aerosolized Ad5-nCoV with 0.5 × 1010 viral particles [vps] per dose), Middle-Dose (two doses of aerosolized Ad5-nCoV with 1.0 × 1010 vps per dose), High-Dose (two doses of aerosolized Ad5-nCoV with 2.0 × 1010 vps per dose), Mixed (intramuscular Ad5-nCoV with 5.0 × 1010 vps [first dose] and aerosolized Ad5-nCoV with 2.0 × 1010 vps [second dose]), and Single-Dose (one dose of aerosolized Ad5-nCoV with 1.0 × 1010 vps). Eligible participants in the phase 2 trial were stratified by 18–59 years old or ≥60 years old and then were sequentially enrolled into one of six regimen cohorts: Low-Dose, Middle-Dose, High-Dose, Mixed, Single-Dose, and Intramuscular (one dose of intramuscular Ad5-nCoV with 1.0 × 1010 vps). The intervals between the two doses were 56 days. Participants were randomly allocated in 3:1 (phase 1) and 5:1 (phase 2) ratios to receive either Ad5-nCoV or the placebo in each cohort. This study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04840992. Most adverse reactions that occurred during the solicited period were mild and moderate. One serious adverse event (myelodysplastic syndrome) was considered potentially related to the aerosolized Ad5-nCoV. The GMTs of neutralizing antibodies in the Mixed group were the highest with 57.03 (95% CI: 23.95, 135.80) and 97.37 (95% CI: 74.30, 127.59) in phase 1 and 2 trials, respectively, 28 days after the second dose (p < 0.0001), which showed significantly higher immune responses compared to other regimens with aerosolized or intramuscular Ad5-nCoV alone. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strategies of Viral Vectors for Vaccine Development)
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