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Vaccines
Special Issues
Veterinary Vaccines and Diagnostic Tools 2.0
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Veterinary Vaccines and Diagnostic Tools 2.0

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 September 2023) | Viewed by 13733

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Kim Halpin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), East Geelong, VIC 3219, Australia
Interests: emerging infectious diseases; veterinary virology; molecular diagnostics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Charles El-Hage

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Equine Infectious Disease Centre, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
Interests: equine virology; immunology; toxicology endocrinology; parasitology and theriogenology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The lifesaving role of vaccination in the fight against SARS-CoV-2 provides a great reminder of the importance of vaccines controlling various animal diseases. Thanks to more than ten millennia of domestication and the development of agriculture, animal diseases have been intertwined in human history. During these periods, pathogens have posed a constant threat to the health and welfare of animals and to the humans who care for them, either directly or indirectly.

Once the burden of societies across Africa, Asia and Europe since humans initiated the domestication of livestock, rinderpest was a highly contagious disease of cattle. It is now only the second infectious disease, after smallpox for humans, to have been wiped out globally, thanks to decades of a concerted international effort which included vaccinations and rigorous diagnostic tests.

Rabies is a zoonotic, vaccine-preventable disease for which there are ambitious one health-based eradication goals. It is estimated that by vaccinating 70% of the dogs where infection is still rife, rabies could be eradicated in dogs, and the number of human cases would rapidly drop to almost zero.

Despite remarkable advances in treatments and diagnostics this century, vaccination remains the most effective means to protect animal populations from serious diseases. By improving our understanding of the various immune responses and their role in disease prevention, we can best harness the utilization of vaccines in the ongoing tussle between pathogens and their hosts. 

This Special Issue focuses on veterinary vaccines and diagnostic tools. Submissions of original articles, systematic reviews, short communications, and other types of articles on related topics are welcomed. All manuscripts will follow standard journal peer-review practices.

We look forward to receiving your contributions to this Special Issue.

Dr. Kim Halpin
Dr. Charles El-Hage
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • veterinary vaccines
  • pathogens in livestock
  • immune protection
  • vaccine adjuvants
  • animal diseases
  • zoonotic diseases
  • molecular diagnostic
  • genetic analysis
  • diagnostic tests
  • diagnostic test validation

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 3784 KiB  
Article
In Vivo Characterization of the Anti-Glutathione S-Transferase Antibody Using an In Vitro Mite Feeding Model
by Shwe Yee Win, Hikari Seo, Fumiya Horio, Sotaro Fujisawa, Jumpei Sato, Yoshinosuke Motai, Takumi Sato, Eiji Oishi, Akira Taneno, Lat Lat Htun, Saw Bawm, Tomohiro Okagawa, Naoya Maekawa, Satoru Konnai, Kazuhiko Ohashi and Shiro Murata
Vaccines 2024, 12(2), 148; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12020148 - 30 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1324
Abstract
Poultry red mites (Dermanyssus gallinae, PRMs), tropical fowl mites (Ornithonyssus bursa, TFMs), and northern fowl mites (O. sylviarum, NFMs) are blood-feeding pests that debilitate poultry worldwide. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) plays an important role in the detoxification and drug [...] Read more.
Poultry red mites (Dermanyssus gallinae, PRMs), tropical fowl mites (Ornithonyssus bursa, TFMs), and northern fowl mites (O. sylviarum, NFMs) are blood-feeding pests that debilitate poultry worldwide. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) plays an important role in the detoxification and drug metabolism of mites. However, research on avian mite GSTs as vaccine antigens is still lacking. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the potential of avian mite GSTs for vaccine development. We identified GST genes from TFMs and NFMs. We prepared recombinant GST (rGST) from TFMs, NFMs, and PRMs, and assessed their protein functions. Moreover, we evaluated the cross-reactivity and acaricidal effect of immune plasma against each rGST on TFMs, NFMs, and PRMs. The deduced amino acid sequences of GSTs from TFMs and NFMs were 80% similar to those of the PRMs. The rGSTs exhibited catalytic activity in conjugating glutathione to the 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene substrate. Immune plasma against each rGST showed cross-reactivity with rGST from different mite species. Moreover, the survival rate of PRMs fed with immune plasma against the rGST of TFMs and NFMs was significantly lower than that of the control plasma. These results demonstrate the potential application of GST as an antigen for the development of a broad-spectrum vaccine against avian mites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Veterinary Vaccines and Diagnostic Tools 2.0)
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15 pages, 1709 KiB  
Article
Immunocontraceptive Efficacy of Native Porcine Zona Pellucida (pZP) Treatment of Nevada’s Virginia Range Free-Roaming Horse Population
by Martin L. Schulman, Nicole K. Hayes, Tracy A. Wilson and John D. Grewar
Vaccines 2024, 12(1), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12010096 - 18 Jan 2024
Viewed by 3147
Abstract
In North America, range constraints due to burgeoning development increasingly encroach on wild horse habitat and necessitate effective but humane reproductive management. The largest free-roaming wild horse fertility control program by population (>3500) and territory size (≈300,000 acres) is located within Nevada’s Virginia [...] Read more.
In North America, range constraints due to burgeoning development increasingly encroach on wild horse habitat and necessitate effective but humane reproductive management. The largest free-roaming wild horse fertility control program by population (>3500) and territory size (≈300,000 acres) is located within Nevada’s Virginia Range. Data from a field study investigated porcine zona pellucida (pZP) immunocontraception via remote dart delivery to mares in this population. Analyses aimed to measure efficacy by treatment effects on annual birth rates and population demographics and to evaluate treatment frequency and season against these variables. Analyses included mares’ monthly data (January 2019–December 2022; 48 months), characterized by cumulative vaccination numbers subset into four classifications considering the vaccine as having no loss of efficacy or a loss within a 6-, 12-, and 18-month period post vaccination; from foaling data, the likelihood of being in foal and of conceiving in that month; and from age, as mature or immature (<1 years-old). A downward foaling rate and trend in the numbers of mature mares, descriptively presented at monthly intervals, showed markedly declining annual seasonal breeding peaks, with no observed change in foaling season or duration. Within four years, population coverage surpassed 70% and was associated with a 58% reduction in foaling, with only a 10% conception rate. Vaccinated mares increased proportionally: assuming a 12-month decay rate, the system reached stability at an average ≈1.0 vaccination/mare/year, providing a robust recommendation for treatment frequency contributing to best management practices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Veterinary Vaccines and Diagnostic Tools 2.0)
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Review

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17 pages, 3093 KiB  
Review
Lumpy Skin Disease—An Emerging Cattle Disease in Europe and Asia
by Leah Whittle, Rosamund Chapman and Anna-Lise Williamson
Vaccines 2023, 11(3), 578; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030578 - 2 Mar 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3297
Abstract
Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is a member of the Capripoxvirus genus, mainly infecting cattle and buffalo, which until relatively recently was only endemic in parts of Africa and then spread to the Middle East and lately Europe and Asia. Lumpy skin disease [...] Read more.
Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is a member of the Capripoxvirus genus, mainly infecting cattle and buffalo, which until relatively recently was only endemic in parts of Africa and then spread to the Middle East and lately Europe and Asia. Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a notifiable disease with a serious impact on the beef industry as it causes mortality of up to 10% and has impacts on milk and meat production, as well as fertility. The close serological relationship between LSDV, goat poxvirus (GTPV) and sheep poxvirus (SPPV) has led to live attenuated GTPV and SPPV vaccines being used to protect against LSD in some countries. There is evidence that the SPPV vaccine does not protect from LSD as well as the GTPV and LSDV vaccines. One of the LSD vaccines used in Eastern Europe was found to be a combination of different Capripoxviruses, and a series of recombination events in the manufacturing process resulted in cattle being vaccinated with a range of recombinant LSDVs resulting in virulent LSDV which spread throughout Asia. It is likely that LSD will become endemic throughout Asia as it will be very challenging to control the spread of the virus without widespread vaccination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Veterinary Vaccines and Diagnostic Tools 2.0)
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20 pages, 514 KiB  
Review
Immunogenicity of Different Types of Adjuvants and Nano-Adjuvants in Veterinary Vaccines: A Comprehensive Review
by Soren Nooraei, Alireza Sarkar Lotfabadi, Milad Akbarzadehmoallemkolaei and Nima Rezaei
Vaccines 2023, 11(2), 453; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020453 - 16 Feb 2023
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 5326
Abstract
Vaccination is the best way to prevent and reduce the damage caused by infectious diseases in animals and humans. So, several vaccines are used for prophylactic purposes before the pathogen infects, while therapeutic vaccines strengthen the immune system after infection with the pathogen. [...] Read more.
Vaccination is the best way to prevent and reduce the damage caused by infectious diseases in animals and humans. So, several vaccines are used for prophylactic purposes before the pathogen infects, while therapeutic vaccines strengthen the immune system after infection with the pathogen. Adjuvants are molecules, compounds, or macromolecules that enhance non-specific immunity and, in collaboration with antigen(s), can improve the body’s immune responses and change the type of immune response. The potential and toxicity of adjuvants must be balanced to provide the safest stimulation with the fewest side effects. In order to overcome the limitations of adjuvants and the effective and controlled delivery of antigens, attention has been drawn to nano-carriers that can be a promising platform for better presenting and stimulating the immune system. Some studies show that nanoparticles have a more remarkable ability to act as adjuvants than microparticles. Because nano-adjuvants inactively target antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and change their chemical surface, nanoparticles also perform better in targeted antigen delivery because they cross biological barriers more easily. We collected and reviewed various types of nano-adjuvants with their specific roles in immunogenicity as a prominent strategy used in veterinary vaccines in this paper. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Veterinary Vaccines and Diagnostic Tools 2.0)
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