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Vaccines
Special Issues
Latest Researches on Flavivirus Vaccines
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Latest Researches on Flavivirus Vaccines

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Vaccines against (re)emerging and Tropical Infections Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2023) | Viewed by 4895

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Florian Douam

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
Interests: anti-viral immunity; live-attenuated viral vaccine; mouse models of virus infection; humanized mouse models; viral immunogenicity; viral pathogenicity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Flavivirus is a viral genus of single positive-stranded RNA viruses, which includes several highly clinically relevant viruses such as Dengue virus (DENV), Yellow Fever Virus (YFV), West Nile Virus (WNV) or Zika virus (ZIKV). Flaviviruses are commonly transmitted by blood-sucking arthropods (mosquitoes, ticks, etc.) to vertebrates and humans, causing natural epidemic-borne diseases. Most flaviviruses cause zoonotic diseases that translates into a variety of clinical manifestations, from mild to lethal viscerotropic disease or encephalitis.

The recent reemergence of YFV in Brazil and Angola, and the ZIKV epidemic in the Americas in 2015-2016 have been a powerful reminder of the increasing health and economic threats posed by flaviviruses worldwide. Climate change and its consequential impact on global temperatures has been nurturing that threat by expanding the endemic areas of several known flavivirus vectors. Increase in human density and destruction of natural habitats in those endemic areas are also perfect recipients for setting up the stage to the rapid emergence of novel or currently neglected flavivirus with strong epidemic potential (such as Usutu virus (USUV), Ilheus virus or Wesselsbron virus). Taken together, these concerns are calling for an urgent need to expand our portfolio of antiviral countermeasures against flaviviruses.

Today, most flavivirus infections remain non-preventable because of the lack of effective vaccines. The only licensed flavivirus vaccines rely on live-attenuated platforms, which are challenging to produce in high-volume during a public health emergency. Recent advances in our understanding of flavivirus immunity and vaccine development, including the emergence of mRNA vaccines, open novel avenues for the design of effective and safe vaccines against a large panel of current and emerging flaviviruses. This Special Issue focuses on the latest researches on flavivirus vaccine development. We are interested in original research articles or short communications focusing on anti-flavivirus immunity for guiding the rational development of vaccines, as well as in original translational studies focusing on flavivirus vaccine evaluation and safety. We are also interested in systematic reviews about current and future vaccine approaches against flavivirus-induced diseases. All manuscripts will follow standard journal peer-review practices. We look forward to receiving your contributions to the Special Issue.

Dr. Florian Douam
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • flavivirus
  • vaccines
  • vaccine development
  • Dengue virus
  • Yellow Fever Virus
  • West Nile Virus
  • Zika virus
  • tick-borne encephalitis virus
  • immunization

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 4056 KiB  
Article
Unbiased Identification of Dengue Virus Non-Structural Protein 1 Peptides for Use in Vaccine Design
by Nikole L. Warner, Susan B. Core and Kathryn M. Frietze
Vaccines 2022, 10(12), 2028; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10122028 - 27 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2457
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a global health problem, with over half of the world’s population at risk for infection. Despite this, there is only one licensed vaccine available to prevent infection and safety concerns limit immunization to only a subset of individuals. Most [...] Read more.
Dengue virus (DENV) is a global health problem, with over half of the world’s population at risk for infection. Despite this, there is only one licensed vaccine available to prevent infection and safety concerns limit immunization to only a subset of individuals. Most dengue virus vaccine efforts attempt to evoke broadly neutralizing antibodies against structural proteins. However, eliciting antibodies to block the activity of viral proteins involved in pathogenesis could be a useful complementary approach. Studies suggest that non-structural protein 1, which participates in disruption of the endothelial barrier and is hypothesized to play a significant role in the progression to severe dengue, could be a promising target for vaccine efforts. Here, we used an unbiased approach to identify peptide epitopes of dengue virus non-structural protein 1 that could evoke antibodies that bind to NS1 from all 4 serotypes and also bind to DENV-infected cells. DENV-2 NS1 peptides were generated such that 35 overlapping 15 amino acid peptides represented the entire NS1 protein. These peptides were each chemically conjugated to bacteriophage virus-like particles (VLP) and used to immunize mice. Sera were then screened for IgG to cognate peptide as well as binding to recombinant hexameric NS1 from all four DENV serotypes as well as binding to DENV-2 infected cells by microscopy. From these data, we identified several peptides that were able to elicit antibodies that could bind to infected cells as well as DENV NS1. These peptides and their homologues in the corresponding NS1 of other DENV serotypes could be used as potential immunogens to elicit binding antibodies to NS1. Future studies will investigate the functional and protective capacities of antibodies elicited by these immunogens against DENV NS1. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Researches on Flavivirus Vaccines)
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Review

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14 pages, 798 KiB  
Review
Understanding the Tissue Specificity of ZIKV Infection in Various Animal Models for Vaccine Development
by Suyeon Kim and Ha Youn Shin
Vaccines 2022, 10(9), 1517; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091517 - 13 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1986
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus that belongs to the Flavivirus genus and is principally transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. ZIKV infection often causes no or only mild symptoms, but it can also trigger severe consequences, including microcephaly in infants and Guillain-Barré [...] Read more.
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus that belongs to the Flavivirus genus and is principally transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. ZIKV infection often causes no or only mild symptoms, but it can also trigger severe consequences, including microcephaly in infants and Guillain-Barré syndrome, uveitis, and neurologic manifestations in adults. There is no ZIKV vaccine or treatment currently approved for clinical use. The primary target of ZIKV infection has been recognized as the maternal placenta, with vertical transmission to the fetal brain. However, ZIKV can also spread to multiple tissues in adults, including the sexual organs, eyes, lymph nodes, and brain. Since numerous studies have indicated that there are slightly different tissue-specific pathologies in each animal model of ZIKV, the distinct ZIKV tropism of a given animal model must be understood to enable effective vaccine development. Here, we comprehensively discussed the tissue specificity of ZIKV reported in each animal model depending on the genetic background and route of administration. This review should facilitate the selection of appropriate animal models when studying the fundamental pathogenesis of ZIKV infection, thereby supporting the design of optimal preclinical and clinical studies for the development of vaccines and therapeutics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Researches on Flavivirus Vaccines)
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