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Vaccines
Special Issues
Latest Advances in Molecular and Cellular Immunotherapy
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Latest Advances in Molecular and Cellular Immunotherapy

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Cellular/Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 10524

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Bruno Cadilha

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 80337 Munich, Germany
Interests: cancer immunotherapy; cellular therapy; immune system reprograming; infection and cancer vaccines; adoptive cellular therapy in solid tumors; socio-economic impact of immunotherapy; microbiome in immunotherapy; cellular and molecular auto-immunity; immune-metabolism
Dr. Mohamed-Reda Benmebarek

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Interests: immunology; cancer immunotherapy; cellular engineering; antibody engineering; hepatocellular carcinomas

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The immune system’s role in infection and cancer therapy has been on the spotlight of medical breakthrough for the past decade. The advent of immune checkpoint blockade therapy, the success of genetic engineered T cells in hematological malignancies or the record-breaking development and approval of COVID-19 vaccines are true feats of modern medicine. The dust from these afore mentioned technological breakthroughs as yet to settle. We are striding towards completion of key trials that combine immunotherapy with other well-established treatment modalities. New mechanisms of action of these recently approved therapies keep being unveiled. Molecular fine-tuning, production scalability and the socio-economical impact of these new therapeutics are far from reaching maturity.

The journal Vaccines focuses not only on vaccination but also in immunological studies. I am pleased to invite you to a Special Issue focused on the “Latest advances in molecular and cellular immunotherapy” that aims at putting together a comprehensive collection that reports key-developments and emerging concepts in the field of immunotherapy.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Pre-clinical and clinical research areas may include (but not limited to):

  • cancer immunotherapy
  • cellular therapy
  • immune system reprograming
  • infection and cancer vaccines
  • adoptive cellular therapy in solid tumors
  • socio-economic impact of immunotherapy
  • microbiome in immunotherapy
  • cellular and molecular auto-immunity
  • immune-metabolism

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Bruno Loureiro Cadilha
Dr. Mohamed-Reda Benmebarek
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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13 pages, 3169 KiB  
Article
Small Molecule Inhibitors of MERTK and FLT3 Induce Cell Cycle Arrest in Human CD8+ T Cells
by Richard M. Powell, Marlies J. W. Peeters, Anne Rahbech, Pia Aehnlich, Tina Seremet and Per thor Straten
Vaccines 2021, 9(11), 1294; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9111294 - 8 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2453
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the development of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases inhibitors (RTKIs) for cancer treatment, as dysregulation of RTK expression can govern oncogenesis. Among the newer generations of RTKIs, many target Mer Tyrosine Kinase (MERTK) and Fms related RTK 3 (FLT3). [...] Read more.
There is an increasing interest in the development of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases inhibitors (RTKIs) for cancer treatment, as dysregulation of RTK expression can govern oncogenesis. Among the newer generations of RTKIs, many target Mer Tyrosine Kinase (MERTK) and Fms related RTK 3 (FLT3). Next to being overexpressed in many cancers, MERTK and FLT3 have important roles in immune cell development and function. In this study, we address how the new generation and potent RTKIs of MERTK/FLT3 affect human primary CD8+ T cell function. Using ex vivo T cell receptor (TCR)-activated CD8+ T cells, we demonstrate that use of dual MERTK/FLT3 inhibitor UNC2025 restricts CD8+ T proliferation at the G2 phase, at least in part by modulation of mTOR signaling. Cytokine production and activation remain largely unaffected. Finally, we show that activated CD8+ T cells express FLT3 from day two post activation, and FLT3 inhibition with AC220 (quizartinib) or siRNA-mediated knockdown affects cell cycle kinetics. These results signify that caution is needed when using potent RTKIs in the context of antitumor immune responses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances in Molecular and Cellular Immunotherapy)
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Review

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18 pages, 1620 KiB  
Review
Migratory Engineering of T Cells for Cancer Therapy
by Stefanos Michaelides, Hannah Obeck, Daryna Kechur, Stefan Endres and Sebastian Kobold
Vaccines 2022, 10(11), 1845; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111845 - 31 Oct 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2570
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in particular represents an adaptive, yet versatile strategy for cancer treatment. Convincing results in the treatment of hematological malignancies have led to FDA approval for several CAR T cell therapies in [...] Read more.
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in particular represents an adaptive, yet versatile strategy for cancer treatment. Convincing results in the treatment of hematological malignancies have led to FDA approval for several CAR T cell therapies in defined refractory diseases. In contrast, the treatment of solid tumors with adoptively transferred T cells has not demonstrated convincing efficacy in clinical trials. One of the main reasons for ACT failure in solid tumors is poor trafficking or access of transferred T cells to the tumor site. Tumors employ a variety of mechanisms shielding themselves from immune cell infiltrates, often translating to only fractions of transferred T cells reaching the tumor site. To overcome this bottleneck, extensive efforts are being undertaken at engineering T cells to improve ACT access to solid tumors. In this review, we provide an overview of the immune cell infiltrate in human tumors and the mechanisms tumors employ toward immune exclusion. We will discuss ways in which T cells can be engineered to circumvent these barriers. We give an outlook on ongoing clinical trials targeting immune cell migration to improve ACT and its perspective in solid tumors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances in Molecular and Cellular Immunotherapy)
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22 pages, 808 KiB  
Review
Novel Antigenic Targets of HPV Therapeutic Vaccines
by Ditte Rahbæk Boilesen, Karen Nørgaard Nielsen and Peter Johannes Holst
Vaccines 2021, 9(11), 1262; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9111262 - 1 Nov 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4780
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the cause of the majority of cervical cancers and head and neck cancers worldwide. Although prophylactic vaccines and cervical cancer screening programs have shown efficacy in preventing HPV-associated cervical cancer, cervical cancer is still a major cause of [...] Read more.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the cause of the majority of cervical cancers and head and neck cancers worldwide. Although prophylactic vaccines and cervical cancer screening programs have shown efficacy in preventing HPV-associated cervical cancer, cervical cancer is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in third world countries. Furthermore, head and neck cancer cases caused by HPV infection and associated mortality are increasing. The need for better therapy is clear, and therapeutic vaccination generating cytotoxic T cells against HPV proteins is a promising strategy. This review covers the current scene of HPV therapeutic vaccines in clinical development and discusses relevant considerations for the design of future HPV therapeutic vaccines and clinical trials, such as HPV protein expression patterns, immunogenicity, and exhaustion in relation to the different stages and types of HPV-associated lesions and cancers. Ultimately, while the majority of the HPV therapeutic vaccines currently in clinical testing target the two HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7, we suggest that there is a need to include more HPV antigens in future HPV therapeutic vaccines to increase efficacy and find that especially E1 and E2 could be promising novel targets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances in Molecular and Cellular Immunotherapy)
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