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Vaccines
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Pediatric Infectious Disease and Vaccination
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Pediatric Infectious Disease and Vaccination

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2023) | Viewed by 5883

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Leyla S. Namazova-Baranova

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Pediatric Department of Pediatric Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
2. Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Interests: pediatric; children; infant diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Historically, infections have been one of the major causes of childhood morbidity and mortality. Therefore, an increasing number of studies have paid attention to diphtheria, infant diarrheal illnesses, tuberculosis, streptococcal infections and their complications, and other pediatric infections, and substantial progress has been made. However, the many remaining challenges related to infectious diseases in children (including HIV, emerging infections, antimicrobial resistance, opportunistic infections, and infections in the developing world) mean that there is still much progress to be made. The genomic era of medicine and the tools of molecular biology will lead to new insights into the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of infections, contributing to improved health for children.

This Special Issue aims to attract experts in the specific field of childhood infectious diseases, and contribute to curing such infectious diseases and to the improvement of public health by fostering a better understanding of infectious disease prevention and treatment in children.

Dr. Leyla S. Namazova-Baranova
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pediatric infection
  • pediatric vaccines
  • childhood

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 312 KiB  
Article
Parent–Child Vaccination Concordance and Its Relationship to Child Age, Parent Age and Education, and Perceived Social Norms
by Pikuei Tu, Danielle Smith, Taylor Parker, Kartik Pejavara, J. Lloyd Michener and Cheryl Lin
Vaccines 2023, 11(7), 1210; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11071210 - 6 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1515
Abstract
Researchers established that parental vaccination status often predicts that of their children, but a limited number of studies have examined factors influencing dyadic concordance or discordance (i.e., same or different vaccination status or intent for both members). We investigated how child versus parent [...] Read more.
Researchers established that parental vaccination status often predicts that of their children, but a limited number of studies have examined factors influencing dyadic concordance or discordance (i.e., same or different vaccination status or intent for both members). We investigated how child versus parent age as well as parents’ perceptions of their respective friends’ immunization behavior impacted un/vaccinated parents’ decisions regarding vaccinating their child. An online survey obtained the COVID-19 vaccination status and views of 762 parents of 5–17-year-old children. More than three-quarters of all dyads were concordant; 24.1% of vaccinated parents would not vaccinate their child, with greater hesitancy for younger children and among younger or less educated parents. Children of vaccinated parents and of parents who thought most of their child’s friends were vaccinated were 4.7 and 1.9 times, respectively, more likely to be vaccinated; unvaccinated parents were 3.2 times more likely to accept the vaccine for their child if they believed most of their friends would vaccinate their children. Further, parents who reported that most of their friends were vaccinated were 1.9 times more likely to have obtained the vaccine themselves, illustrating the influence of social norms. Regardless of their own vaccination status, parents of unvaccinated children were more likely to be politically conservative. If communities or circles of friends could achieve or convey a vaccinated norm, this might persuade undecided or reluctant parents to vaccinate their children. Future research should examine the effects of community behavior and messages highlighting social norms on pediatric vaccine uptake. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pediatric Infectious Disease and Vaccination)

Review

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12 pages, 903 KiB  
Review
Timing of the First Dose of the Hepatitis B Vaccine in Preterm Infants
by Donna Lei, Taryn Miller, Jeremy Carr, Jim Buttery, Claudia A. Nold-Petry, Marcel F. Nold and Atul Malhotra
Vaccines 2022, 10(10), 1656; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101656 - 2 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2233
Abstract
Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends all newborn infants receive the first dose of the hepatitis B vaccine within 24 h of birth irrespective of maternal hepatitis B carrier status. However, the physiological immaturity of the immune system in preterm infants may [...] Read more.
Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends all newborn infants receive the first dose of the hepatitis B vaccine within 24 h of birth irrespective of maternal hepatitis B carrier status. However, the physiological immaturity of the immune system in preterm infants may influence the immune responses to the vaccine particularly in the first few days and weeks of life, and adverse events may occur following vaccination that are not observed in infants born at term. Objectives: To review existing published guidelines surrounding timing of the first dose of the hepatitis B vaccine in preterm infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen negative (HBsAg-negative) mothers. Methods: A search was performed for relevant papers and guidelines published between January 2002 and July 2022 on the Ovid MEDLINE and Embase databases and through targeted searches. Two authors independently reviewed the search results to identify relevant sources, which were then analysed and described through narrative synthesis. Results: Twenty-seven relevant papers and guidelines regarding 15 countries and regions were included. Of these, 13.3% of guidelines, which represented 16.8% of the overall population of 4.1 billion people covered by the identified guidelines, recommended a nationwide birth dose of the hepatitis B vaccine to all preterm infants. In 40.0% of guidelines (77.9% of the overall population), the birth dose was only recommended for infants with a birth weight of more than 2000–2200 g. Another 33.3% of countries and regions (covering 4.4% of the population) recommended no universal birth dose for all infants, including preterm infants, whilst 13.3% (1.0% of the population) had guidelines that varied between jurisdictions and hospitals within their country/region. Conclusions: Existing guidelines surrounding the timing of the first dose of the hepatitis B vaccine in preterm infants vary substantially between countries and regions. Further research comparing the immunogenicity and safety of different hepatitis B vaccine schedules is needed to provide concrete evidence to provide guidance regarding the timing of vaccination against hepatitis B in preterm infants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pediatric Infectious Disease and Vaccination)
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Other

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16 pages, 575 KiB  
Systematic Review
Safety of Hepatitis B Vaccines (Monovalent or as Part of Combination) in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review
by Qiao Wen Tee, Ramin Odisho, Elisha Purcell, Rachael Purcell, Jim Buttery, Claudia A. Nold-Petry, Marcel F. Nold and Atul Malhotra
Vaccines 2024, 12(3), 261; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12030261 - 1 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1669
Abstract
Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends vaccination against hepatitis B as soon as possible following birth for all infants, regardless of prematurity. Hepatitis B vaccination at birth is clearly justified, represents a crucial step in the global control of perinatally acquired [...] Read more.
Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends vaccination against hepatitis B as soon as possible following birth for all infants, regardless of prematurity. Hepatitis B vaccination at birth is clearly justified, represents a crucial step in the global control of perinatally acquired hepatitis B and there are no safety concerns in infants born at term. However, there is limited information on the safety of the hepatitis B vaccine in preterm infants, whose immune responses and morbidity risk differ from those in infants born at term. Objectives: The objectives of this paper are to systematically review the literature regarding the safety and risk of adverse events following immunisation (AEFIs) associated with the administration of the hepatitis B vaccine (monovalent or as part of a combination vaccine) to preterm infants. Methods: We performed a search for relevant papers published between 1 January 2002 and 30 March 2023 in the Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and CINAHL Plus databases. Two authors independently reviewed and analysed each article to include in the systematic review. Narrative synthesis is presented. Results: Twenty-one relevant papers were identified and included in this systematic review. The vast majority of data pertained to multi-antigen (combination) vaccine preparations and vaccination episodes from 6 weeks of age onwards. We found no publications investigating the timing of the birth dose of the hepatitis B vaccine, and AEFI reporting was exclusively short-term (hours to days following administration). There was substantial variability in the reported rate of AEFIs between studies, ranging from 0% to 96%. Regardless of frequency, AEFIs were mostly minor and included injection site reactions, temperature instability and self-limiting cardiorespiratory events. Six studies reported serious adverse events (SAEs) such as the requirement for escalation of respiratory support. However, these occurred predominantly in high-risk infant populations and were rare (~1%). Using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach, the certainty of evidence was assessed as very low. Conclusions: Despite substantial variability between the relatively small number of published studies in terms of cohort selection, definitions, vaccine preparations and reporting, hepatitis B-containing vaccines (mostly as combination vaccines) appear to be relatively well tolerated in preterm infants from 6 weeks of age. Research focusing on the safety of hepatitis B vaccine in preterm infants specifically within 7 days of birth is lacking, particularly regarding long-term morbidity risk. Further research in this area is required. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pediatric Infectious Disease and Vaccination)
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