Pathogenesis of Arbovirus Infections

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Immunology, Vaccines, and Antivirals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2024) | Viewed by 1008

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: infectious diseases; laboratory diagnostics; molecular epidemiology; pathogenesis; immune responses; phylogeny
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Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
Interests: tick-borne viruses; flaviviruses; bunyaviruses; hemorrhagic fever viruses; ticks

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) include members of several virus families that are transmitted to vertebrate hosts by hematophagus arthropod vectors, and many arboviruses have significant implications for public and animal health. Although numerous studies have been conducted to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of arboviral diseases, our current knowledge is still limited.

In this Special Issue, we aim to collect reviews and research articles that will provide insights into the pathogenesis of arbovirus infections, from the first step of virus entrance into the body and attachment to specific cells, to vector–pathogen–host interactions, host immune responses, and factors that play a role in the outcome of the disease. The scope of the Special Issue includes, but is not limited to, the following areas:

  • factors affecting the probability of contracting an arbovirus infection;
  • genetic background of pathogenesis;
  • host immune response;
  • animal models;
  • potential targets for drug and vaccine development.

Prof. Dr. Anna Papa
Prof. Dr. Dennis Bente
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • arboviral disease
  • pathogenesis
  • vector–pathogen–host interactions
  • animal models
  • immune response

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 2833 KiB  
Article
Aedes aegypti Mosquito Probing Enhances Dengue Virus Infection of Resident Myeloid Cells in Human Skin
by Priscila M. S. Castanha, Sasha R. Azar, Jason Yeung, Megan Wallace, Gwenddolen Kettenburg, Simon C. Watkins, Ernesto T. A. Marques, Nikos Vasilakis and Simon M. Barratt-Boyes
Viruses 2024, 16(8), 1253; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16081253 - 5 Aug 2024
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Abstract
The most prevalent arthropod-borne viruses, including the dengue viruses, are primarily transmitted by infected mosquitoes. However, the dynamics of dengue virus (DENV) infection and dissemination in human skin following Aedes aegypti probing remain poorly understood. We exposed human skin explants to adult female [...] Read more.
The most prevalent arthropod-borne viruses, including the dengue viruses, are primarily transmitted by infected mosquitoes. However, the dynamics of dengue virus (DENV) infection and dissemination in human skin following Aedes aegypti probing remain poorly understood. We exposed human skin explants to adult female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes following their infection with DENV-2 by intrathoracic injection. Skin explants inoculated with a similar quantity of DENV-2 by a bifurcated needle were used as controls. Quantitative in situ imaging revealed that DENV replication was greatest in keratinocytes in the base of the epidermis, accounting for 50–60% of all infected cells regardless of the route of inoculation. However, DENV inoculation by Ae. aegypti probing resulted in an earlier and increased viral replication in the dermis, infecting twice as many cells at 24 h when compared to needle inoculation. Within the dermis, enhanced replication of DENV by Ae. aegypti infected mosquitoes was mediated by increased local recruitment of skin-resident macrophages, dermal dendritic cells, and epidermal Langerhans cells relative to needle inoculation. An enhanced but less pronounced influx of resident myeloid cells to the site of mosquito probing was also observed in the absence of infection. Ae. aegypti probing also increased recruitment and infection of dermal mast cells. Our findings reveal for the first time that keratinocytes are the primary targets of DENV infection following Ae. aegypti inoculation, even though most of the virus is inoculated into the dermis during probing. The data also show that mosquito probing promotes the local recruitment and infection of skin-resident myeloid cells in the absence of an intact vasculature, indicating that influx of blood-derived neutrophils is not an essential requirement for DENV spread within and out of skin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenesis of Arbovirus Infections)
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