JC Polyomavirus

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Virology and Viral Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2025 | Viewed by 543

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Toulouse University Hospital, Purpan Hospital, Virology Department, Toulouse 31300, France
2. Inserm UMR 1291, CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.
Interests: quasi-enveloped viruses; epidemiology; pathogenesis
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Guest Editor
Department of Virology, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
Interests: JC polyomavirus

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are delighted to invite you to contribute to a Special Issue dedicated to JC polyomavirus (JCPyV).

JCPyV, a small, nonenveloped, circular double-stranded DNA virus, was the first of two human polyomaviruses to be isolated in 1971 and was associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). PML is a rare, debilitating, and often fatal disease of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by JCPyV, historically described in patients with hematologic malignancies. In the 1980s, the HIV pandemic resulted in a dramatic increase in PML incidence, which significantly decreased with the use of combined antiretroviral therapy. More recently, the wider use of immunomodulatory therapies for chronic inflammatory diseases, organ and stem cell transplantation, has led to iatrogenic PML. To date, no antiviral therapies are available for JCPyV infection.

PML is associated with neurotropic variants harboring rearrangements in the JCPyV genomic regulatory non-coding control region (NCCR), which regulates viral transcription and replication. The mechanisms and the site of emergence of such neurotropic variants are still poorly understood. The absence of robust cell culture systems and animal models and the rarity of the disease allowing studies in large cohorts hampered, at least in part, the understanding of the pathophysiology.

This Special Issue of Viruses focuses on our current knowledge of JC polyomavirus and the direction of future research. We hope to assemble an up-to-date collection of research papers and reviews on JCPyV, its pathophysiology, molecular biology, virus–host interactions, epidemiology, and antiviral development.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Sébastien Lhomme
Dr. Anne-Sophie L’Honneur
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • JC polyomavirus
  • progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
  • neurotropic variants
  • viral genomic rearrangements

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

25 pages, 3451 KiB  
Article
GPCR Inhibitors Have Antiviral Properties against JC Polyomavirus Infection
by Amanda L. Sandberg, Avery C. S. Bond, Lucas J. Bennett, Sophie E. Craig, David P. Winski, Lara C. Kirkby, Abby R. Kraemer, Kristina G. Kelly, Samuel T. Hess and Melissa S. Maginnis
Viruses 2024, 16(10), 1559; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16101559 - 30 Sep 2024
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Abstract
JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) infects the majority of the population and initially establishes a persistent but asymptomatic infection of the kidneys. In healthy individuals, the infection remains controlled by the host immune system, but for individuals experiencing prolonged immunosuppression, the infection can reactivate and [...] Read more.
JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) infects the majority of the population and initially establishes a persistent but asymptomatic infection of the kidneys. In healthy individuals, the infection remains controlled by the host immune system, but for individuals experiencing prolonged immunosuppression, the infection can reactivate and spread to the brain, where it causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), which is a fatal neurodegenerative disease. Currently, there are no approved therapies to treat PML, and affected individuals suffer rapid motor weakness and cognitive deterioration. To identify novel therapeutic treatments for JCPyV infection, receptor agonists/antagonists identified in a previously published drug screen were evaluated for their antiviral properties. Seven drugs were selected and validated using infectivity assays, and the mechanism of inhibition was further explored for G protein coupled receptor (GPCR)-associated inhibitors due to the role of the GPCR 5-hydroxytryptamine 2 receptors (5-HT2Rs) in JCPyV entry. The inhibitors cetirizine and paroxetine both reduced infection early in the JCPyV infectious cycle. Paroxetine specifically reduced viral internalization through altering the receptor density of 5-HT2CR, inhibiting β-arrestin recruitment to the receptor, and reducing MAPK signaling through ERK. These findings highlight the potential of receptor signaling and viral entry mechanisms as possible targets for antiviral drug development. Further, this research suggests that FDA-approved receptor agonists/antagonists currently used to treat other medical conditions could be repurposed into antivirals for the possible treatment of JCPyV infection and the fatal disease PML. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue JC Polyomavirus)
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