Prolonged Longitudinal Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Effect on Striatal Functional Connectivity in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Intervention
2.3. MRI Data Acquisition
2.4. Resting-State fMRI Data Preprocessing
2.5. Seed Based on FC Analyses
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sample Characteristics
3.2. Within-Group Patterns in Striatum rsFC
3.3. Between-Group Difference in Striatum rsFC
3.3.1. rsFC of Brain Regions Based on vCa
3.3.2. rsFC of Brain Regions Based on GP
3.3.3. rsFC of Brain Regions Based on NAc
3.3.4. rsFC of Brain Regions Based on dCa
4. Discussion
4.1. Prolonged taVNS Can Enhance the Intra-Striatal FC of Patients with MDD
4.2. Prolonged taVNS Can Upregulate the rsFC of Patients with MDD in the Frontal–Striatal Reward Network
4.3. Prolonged taVNS Downregulates the rsFC of Patients with MDD between the Striatum and Visual and Auditory Areas
4.4. Limitation
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | MDD (n = 15) | HCs (n = 16) | t/Z/x2 | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender (M/F) | 3/12 | 7/9 | 1.998 | 0.157 # |
Age (year) | 40.9 ± 14.4 | 35.5 ± 14.8 | −0.694 | 0.488 * |
Education (year) | 14.3 ± 2.9 | 14.7 ± 2.2 | −0.531 | 0.595 * |
17-HAMD_pre | 16.6 ± 4.37 | 1.19 ± 1.42 | 4.778 | <0.001 a |
17-HAMD_aft | 6.53 ± 2.45 | 1.75 ± 1.48 | 6.634 | <0.001 * |
HAMD scoreΔ | 10.07 ± 3.04 | - | 12.847 | <0.001 b |
Seed Points | Brain Regions | BA | Peak Point MNI Coordinates | Cluster Size (Voxels) | F Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
x | y | z | |||||
Left vCa | Right vPFC | 45, 48 | 48 | 33 | 21 | 15 | 27.992 |
Right SOG | 18, 19 | 27 | −93 | 21 | 18 | 27.330 | |
Right GP | Left SOG | 18 | −16 | −93 | 24 | 32 | 26.1023 |
Right SOG | 18, 19 | 21 | −93 | 21 | 46 | 30.9472 | |
Left NAc | Left MTG | 22, 21 | −60 | −36 | 6 | 14 | 27.518 |
Right NAc | Left dmPFC | 8, 9 | −33 | 12 | 57 | 18 | 23.509 |
Right dmPFC | 8, 9 | 30 | 18 | 42 | 26 | 24.526 | |
Right vlPFC | 44 | 42 | 27 | 24 | 43 | 23.927 | |
Left dCa | Right Cuneus | 17, 18 | 3 | −90 | −3 | 28 | 27.938 |
Right dCa | Left dlPu | −30 | 3 | 3 | 30 | 35.8427 |
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Zhang, S.; He, J.-K.; Zhong, G.-L.; Wang, Y.; Zhao, Y.-N.; Wang, L.; Li, S.-Y.; Xiao, X.; Yang, Z.-Y.; Zhao, B.; et al. Prolonged Longitudinal Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Effect on Striatal Functional Connectivity in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder. Brain Sci. 2022, 12, 1730. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12121730
Zhang S, He J-K, Zhong G-L, Wang Y, Zhao Y-N, Wang L, Li S-Y, Xiao X, Yang Z-Y, Zhao B, et al. Prolonged Longitudinal Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Effect on Striatal Functional Connectivity in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder. Brain Sciences. 2022; 12(12):1730. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12121730
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Shuai, Jia-Kai He, Gang-Liang Zhong, Yu Wang, Ya-Nan Zhao, Lei Wang, Shao-Yuan Li, Xue Xiao, Zheng-Yi Yang, Bin Zhao, and et al. 2022. "Prolonged Longitudinal Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Effect on Striatal Functional Connectivity in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder" Brain Sciences 12, no. 12: 1730. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12121730