The Recalled Age of Initiation of Multiple Tobacco Products among 26–34 Year Olds: Findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Wave 1 (2013–2014)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants and Measures
2.3. Tobacco Product Use
2.4. Lifetime Use of Cigarettes
2.5. Cigarette Smoking Status
2.6. Recalled Age of Initiation
2.7. Sociodemographic Characteristics
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Cigarettes | Cigarillos | Traditional Cigars | Filtered Cigars | Hookah | Smokeless Tobacco | E-Cigarettes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 4589; | n = 2945; | n = 2025; | n = 1411; | n = 2544; | n = 1239; | n = 2472; | |
N = 23,832,749 b | N = 14,170,631 b | N = 10,444,315 b | N = 6,691,432 b | N = 11,274,852 b | N = 6,135,874 b | N = 10,233,986 b | |
Age c (SE) | 30.1 (0.05) | 29.9 (0.06) | 30.3 (0.07) | 29.9 (0.08) | 29.5 (0.06) | 30.2 (0.09) | 29.8 (0.05) |
Sex (%) Male | 12,928,562 (54.2) | 9,216,543 (65.0) | 7,505,658 (71.9) | 4,408,176 (65.9) | 6,542,032 (58.0) | 5,230,834 (85.2) | 5,939,161 (58.0) |
Race/Ethnicity (%) | |||||||
Non-Hispanic White | 15,224,497 (63.9) | 9,582,486 (67.6) | 7,796,819 (74.7) | 4,872,992 (72.8) | 6,873,686 (61.0) | 5,024,445 (81.9) | 6,835,995 (66.8) |
Non-Hispanic Black | 2,598,602 (11.0) | 1,886,031 (13.3) | 643,557 (6.1) | 521,966 (7.8) | 1,173,617 (10.4) | 198,448 (3.2) | 1,085,212 (10.6) |
Hispanic | 4,377,132 (18.3) | 1,884,693 (13.3) | 1,358,941 (13.0) | 801,952 (12.0) | 2,049,958 (18.2) | 577,455 (9.4) | 1,524,365 (14.9) |
Non-Hispanic Other d | 1,632,518 (6.8) | 817,421 (5.8) | 644,998 (6.2) | 494,521 (7.4) | 1,177,591 (10.4) | 335,526 (5.5) | 788,413 (7.7) |
Education (%) | |||||||
<High school/GED | 3,929,855 (16.5) | 2,175,877 (15.3) | 1,218,268 (11.7) | 976,045 (14.6) | 1,177,211 (10.4) | 934,409 (15.2) | 1,843,220 (18.0) |
High school graduate | 4,960,023 (20.8) | 2,908,106 (20.5) | 1,787,984 (17.1) | 1,315,079 (19.7) | 1,756,192 (15.6) | 1,510,371 (24.6) | 2,503,820 (24.5) |
Some college/associate degree | 8,035,520 (33.7) | 5,124,786 (36.2) | 3,290,104 (31.5) | 2,443,901 (36.5) | 3,839,439 (34.0) | 1,998,679 (32.6) | 3,930,757 (38.4) |
Bachelor’s Degree | 5,128,006 (21.5) | 3,018,755 (21.3) | 2,941,730 (28.2) | 1,371,621 (20.5) | 3,253,487 (28.9) | 1,346,746 (22.0) | 1,564,097 (15.3) |
Advanced Degree | 1,779,345 (7.5) | 943,107 (6.7) | 1,206,229 (11.5) | 584,786 (8.7) | 1,248,522 (11.1) | 345,670 (5.6) | 392,092 (3.8) |
Household Income (%) | |||||||
Less than USD 10,000 | 3,040,169 (13.6) | 1,691,084 (12.6) | 849,284 (8.6) | 845,562 (13.3) | 1,060,945 (9.9) | 531,715 (9.2) | 1,541,505 (16.1) |
USD 10,000–24,999 | 4,757,818 (21.3) | 2,737,539 (20.5) | 1,476,571 (15.0) | 1,139,093 (18.0) | 2,026,093 (18.9) | 997,356 (17.1) | 1,144,215 (24.1) |
USD 25,000–49,999 | 5,924,051 (26.5) | 3,646,654 (27.2) | 2,510,408 (25.5) | 1,879,872 (29.6) | 2,918,611 (27.3) | 169,0954 (29.0) | 2,842,491 (29.7) |
USD 50,000–74,999 | 3,101,566 (13.8) | 1,968,800 (14.7) | 1,658,604 (16.8) | 910,290 (14.4) | 1,720,543 (16.1) | 926,452 (16.0) | 1,277,120 (13.3) |
USD 75,000–99,999 | 2,660,154 (11.9) | 1,587,220 (11.8) | 1,455,220 (14.8) | 752,543 (11.9) | 1,349,708 (12.6) | 710,935 (12.2) | 822,631 (8.6) |
USD 100,000–149,999 | 2,002,369 (8.9) | 1,228,450 (9.2) | 1,200,354 (12.2) | 529,668 (8.4) | 1,022,865 (9.5) | 652,521 (11.2) | 519,975 (5.4) |
USD 150,000+ | 893,475 (4.0) | 540,364 (4.0) | 706,228 (7.1) | 279,386 (4.4) | 612,850 (5.7) | 306,554 (5.3) | 2,64,955 (2.8) |
Missing | 1,453,147 | 770,520 | 587,645 | 355,017 | 563,237 | 319,385 | 656,093 |
Cigarette Smoking Status (%) | |||||||
Never | NA | 776,385 (5.5) | 909,950 (8.7) | 224,598 (3.3) | 1,271,113 (11.3) | 267,710 (4.3) | 235,567 (2.3) |
Current | 11,527,048 (48.4) | 7,466,705 (52.7) | 4,616,480 (44.2) | 3,740,819 (56.0) | 5,063,758 (44.9) | 3,341,870 (54.5) | 7,374,320 (72.1) |
Former | 12,305,701 (51.6) | 5,927,540 (41.8) | 4,917,885 (47.1) | 2,726,015 (40.7) | 4,939,981 (43.8) | 2,526,294 (41.2) | 2,624,099 (25.6) |
Age Range (Years) | Cigarettes | Cigarillos | Traditional Cigars | Filtered Cigars | Hookah | Smokeless Tobacco | E-Cigarettes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ever Use | 100+ | 99 or Fewer | Ever Use | ||||||
0–5 | 0.38 | 0.36 | 0.42 | 0.16 | 0.27 | 0.25 | 0.11 | 0.48 | 0.13 |
5.01–10 | 5.78 | 7.23 | 3.64 | 0.68 | 1.22 | 0.39 | 0.09 | 2.66 | 0.08 |
10.01–11 | 2.58 | 3.48 | 1.24 | 1.82 | 2.65 | 2 | 0.42 | 6.08 | |
11.01–12 | 8.41 | 11.76 | 3.47 | ||||||
12.01–13 | 9.24 | 11.3 | 6.2 | 2.88 | 1.76 | 1.83 | 0.41 | 4.5 | 0.11 |
13.01–14 | 10.12 | 12.47 | 6.65 | 3.9 | 3.82 | 2.49 | 0.9 | 5.32 | |
14.01–15 | 12.28 | 13.5 | 10.47 | 8.92 | 6.84 | 7.27 | 1.77 | 9.77 | |
15.01–16 | 12.89 | 12.78 | 13.06 | 12.26 | 11.13 | 11.08 | 3.54 | 12.68 | 0.15 |
16.01–17 | 6.78 | 6.36 | 7.41 | 8.88 | 7.09 | 7.78 | 2.63 | 8.38 | 0.12 |
17.01–18 | 12.03 | 9.49 | 15.77 | 19.64 | 17.52 | 18.52 | 13.37 | 14.74 | 0.37 |
18.01–19 | 5.34 | 3.67 | 7.81 | 6.54 | 5.85 | 6.36 | 6.32 | 5.75 | 0.2 |
19.01–20 | 3.95 | 2.77 | 5.69 | 9.64 | 9.85 | 8.84 | 9.81 | 6.86 | 0.57 |
20.01–21 | 3.13 | 1.54 | 5.47 | 5.8 | 8.39 | 6.77 | 9.72 | 4.96 | 1.24 |
21.01–22 | 2.19 | 1.11 | 3.79 | 4.1 | 4.46 | 5.67 | 7.26 | 3.05 | 1.92 |
22.01–23 | 1.16 | 0.83 | 1.64 | 2.03 | 3.71 | 2.96 | 5.55 | 2.44 | 1.98 |
23.01–24 | 0.74 | 0.38 | 1.27 | 2.21 | 2.16 | 2.47 | 5.41 | 2.88 | 4.23 |
24.01–25 | 1.23 | 0.55 | 2.23 | 4.74 | 5.77 | 6.93 | 10.3 | 4.66 | 10.84 |
25.01–26 | 0.73 | 0.19 | 1.52 | 1.24 | 1.82 | 1.49 | 4.98 | 1.25 | 11.36 |
26.01–27 | 1.38 | 1.21 | 1.37 | 3.63 | 0.98 | 9.02 | |||
27.01–28 | 0.72 | 0.12 | 1.62 | 0.87 | 1.56 | 1.38 | 4.68 | 0.96 | 12.45 |
28.01–29 | 0.42 | 0.39 | 1.12 | 2.39 | 0.36 | 11.1 | |||
29.01–30 | 0.32 | 0.11 | 0.63 | 1.22 | 1.19 | 1.18 | 3.27 | 0.82 | 9.98 |
30.01–31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.67 | 1.34 | 1.85 | 3.44 | 0.42 | 7.1 |
31.01–32 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7.44 | |||||
32.01–33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.4 | |||||
33.01–34 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.21 |
Tobacco Product | Cigarillos | Traditional Cigars | Filtered Cigars | Hookah | Smokeless Tobacco | E-Cigarettes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hazard Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) b | ||||||
Sex | ||||||
Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Male | 1.08 (1.01, 1.16) | 1.46 (1.27, 1.68) | 1.18 (1.05, 1.32) | 1.10 (1.02, 1.19) | 1.02 (0.87,1.20) | 1.11 (1.03, 1.20) |
Race/Ethnicity | ||||||
Non-Hispanic White | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Non-Hispanic Black | 1.07 (0.94, 1.22) | 1.08 (0.88, 1.33) | 0.74 (0.61, 0.91) | 0.54 (0.48, 0.61) | 0.69 (0.50, 0.96) | 0.92 (0.82, 1.03) |
Hispanic | 0.85 (0.77, 0.92) | 0.77 (0.66, 0.89) | 0.87 (0.73, 1.05) | 0.69 (0.62, 0.78) | 0.63 (0.54, 0.74) | 1.10 (0.98, 1.24) |
Non-Hispanic Other c | 0.78 (0.66, 0.92) | 0.72 (0.63, 0.82) | 0.81 (0.64, 1.02) | 0.89 (0.79, 1.01) | 0.81 (0.66, 0.98) | 0.96 (0.84, 1.10) |
Cigarette Smoking Status | ||||||
Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Current | 1.21 (1.01, 1.44) | 1.59 (1.30, 1.94) | 0.88 (0.68, 1.13) | 1.07 (0.96, 1.31) | 0.99 (0.71, 1.4) | 1.07 (0.83, 1.39) |
Former | 1.18 (0.99, 1.42) | 1.27 (1.03, 1.57) | 0.99 (0.76, 1.29) | 1.2 (1.04, 1.31) | 1.11 (0.80, 1.55) | 1.17 (0.89, 1.54) |
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Pérez, A.; Penedo, E.; Bluestein, M.A.; Chen, B.; Perry, C.L.; Harrell, M.B. The Recalled Age of Initiation of Multiple Tobacco Products among 26–34 Year Olds: Findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Wave 1 (2013–2014). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 9000. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17239000
Pérez A, Penedo E, Bluestein MA, Chen B, Perry CL, Harrell MB. The Recalled Age of Initiation of Multiple Tobacco Products among 26–34 Year Olds: Findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Wave 1 (2013–2014). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(23):9000. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17239000
Chicago/Turabian StylePérez, Adriana, Elena Penedo, Meagan A. Bluestein, Baojiang Chen, Cheryl L. Perry, and Melissa B. Harrell. 2020. "The Recalled Age of Initiation of Multiple Tobacco Products among 26–34 Year Olds: Findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Wave 1 (2013–2014)" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23: 9000. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17239000